融合多主体用户的养老服务机器人迭代设计需求研究

目的 用户需求和重要度的确定是设计师进行产品研发的关键环节,对企业产品开发成功与否也起着至关重要的指导作用,然而当前养老服务机器人在进行设计开发时仅考虑了用户老年人的需求,缺乏综合考虑老年人子女,即间接用户对服务机器人的需求。因此,提出融合多主体用户的养老服务机器人迭代设计需求识别方法,以期帮助设计师明确产品迭代的方向,从而满足多主体用户的切实需求,进而增强企业产品竞争力。方法 首先通过用户访谈获取直接用户老年人和间接用户子女的共同需求,即关键需求,其次利用熵权法确定关键需求的初始重要度,然后运用模糊kano模型确定关键需求类别,根据关键需求分类结果引入重要度调整函数,对关键需求初始重要度进行调整,综合考虑分析得出老年人及其子女的需求重要度,识别出未达到用户期待的需求,从而发现当前养老服务机器人的不足,指导设计师进行迭代设计,帮助企业研发出满足多主体用户切实需求的养老服务机器人。结论 通过综合分析养老服务机器人的多方需求,明确了其在用药指导、远程医生和影音娱乐3个方面的不足,帮助设计师找到了迭代设计的方向,验证了该方法的有效性和可操作性,同时该方法也为其他涉及多主体用户产品的改进设计提供了一定的参考价值。     

采用成品零部件的低成本服务机器人结构设计

现有服务机器人产品设计过程繁琐,开发周期过长.针对服务机器人产业化所需开发周期短和制造成本低的要求,分析了采用成品零部件设计的可行性,并以某服务机器人为例,给出了底盘和机械臂的结构分析与设计.实验表明采用此方法制作的机器人具有开发周期短、成本低、可靠性好的优点,能够满足中低端服务机器人市场的需求.     

基于SAPAD-AHP的智能割草机器人设计研究

目的 挖掘用户在使用智能割草机器人的过程中每个行为背后的意义,重建操作流程、产品功能、产品部件系统,以改善产品可用性,提升用户操作体验。方法 通过非参与式观察法及深度访谈法,解析用户使用割草机器人的行为;引入SAPAD框架挖掘“行为-对象-意义”的映射关系,聚类得出一般意义簇;通过AHP方法计算一般意义簇的权重,通过筛选和聚类得到多层级核心意义簇,获取用户核心需求。由“多层级核心意义簇-产品”的映射分析,重构部件系统。结果 在SAPAD-AHP的方法指导下,开展智能割草机器人设计,与市售两款同类产品进行对比评价,结果显示该方案在核心功能及交互体验方面有显著改善。结论 基于SAPAD-AHP方法进行智能割草机器人设计,可更精准地获取用户核心需求,使功能设计更合理,这有助于设计师创作出更具竞争力的方案,为智能机器人类产品的设计开发提供了一定的参考和思路。     

交互通用性设计原理在儿童早教生态产品中的应用研究

目的研究交互通用性设计原理在儿童早教生态产品中的应用。方法以市场上新开发设计的一款儿童早教机器人为研究对象,通过不同群体对该产品使用情况的分析研究,从感知触碰、视觉索引、语音识别等基本的交互方式,去构想儿童早教机器人的生态功能,并将其通用性的设计特征,运用全新层面的科学技术得以呈现。结果儿童早教生态机器人的开发过程,将全面诠释交通通用性设计原理的创新性和必要性。结论通用性设计原理能够更进一步地拓宽产品交互的研究层面,由此可见交互通用性设计原理的重要性可想而知。在未来儿童早教产品的开发过程中,设计师将会着重运用交互通用性设计原理对产品新功能进行深层次的再设计,从而提升产品的市场竞争力。     

Design optimization of industrial robots considering the working environment

Industrial robots are being used increasingly in complicated working environments where there are obstacles. Industrial robots most suitable for a given working environment should be designed such that they avoid obstacles while moving in the designated working space. In this paper, a design optimization method is proposed for two-degree-of-freedom rotary angular jointed robots for use in such an obstacle-inclusive working environment. In this method, the lengths of the arms and the directional orientation of the robot installation are theoretically determined. First, the algorithmic procedures of the optimization method are presented. Then analytical procedures for obtaining the feasible set of arm lengths are described. Finally, effectiveness of the method is demonstrated for designing a robot used in a given working environment.     

Robot adoption and labor demand: A new interpretation from external competition

Recent research has shown that robotics has increased economic efficiency in several areas. However, there is no consensus on whether the robot adoption in production should be encouraged, as there is widespread concern about unemployment and its consequences. This study compares the labor demands of robot adopters and non-adopters using a matching method. The results show that robotics increases rather than replace human labor, particularly providing the possibility of active hiring for female employees. However, while robots are installed in firms that implement robotics strategies, workers in non-adopting firms appear to be more vulnerable to the threat. Since robotics will widen the productivity gap between adopters and non-adopters while improving firm productivity, thereby increasing the risk of market exit for non-adopters and posing threats to their workforces. In other words, attempts to limit robot adoption to protect employment may be self-defeating due to external competition. Our findings provide a new explanatory framework for employment changes caused by robotics and offer new insights into whether firms should adopt robots in production.     

Retention 101: Where Robots Go … Students Follow

At Indiana University—Purdue University Fort Wayne we have developed ETCS 101—Introduction to Engineering, Technology, and Computer Science, a freshman success course for students in the School of Engineering, Technology, and Computer Science. The main objective of this course is to increase retention. The course aims to provide students with sufficient computer and personal development skills and to help them develop the right mental attitude conducive for academic success. Features of the course include projects of software and hardware nature, extensive use of the Internet and Web software tools, and a team‐teaching format. As the main project of this course, small teams of students design, build, program, and test an autonomous mobile robot using LEGO® parts, sensors, and the Robotic Command eXplorer (RCX) controller. This is a multidisciplinary, project‐driven learning process that encourages students to develop problem solving and teamwork skills and fosters their creativity and logic.     

可变形机器人自主攀爬楼梯控制研究

设计并实现了一种机器人自主攀爬楼梯系统,研究了复杂环境下可变形机器人自主攀爬楼梯的控制方法。通过分析楼梯面与机器人履带的接触方式,包括梯面打滑、棱刺打滑、履带打滑等,确定了机器人进行梯面翻越、梯面行走时不打滑的条件,以提高机器人的爬行效率。对传感器的感知信息进行滤波,以提高机器人的感知能力,确定楼梯的首末台阶,进而制定有效的爬行策略。通过对整个控制系统进行建模分析,建立了系统的软件流程图;通过对多种典型楼梯环境进行试验,验证设计方法的有效性及较好的鲁棒性。     

Developmental robotics: manifesto and application

We argue that all embodied organisms, whether robots or animals, face the same challenge: of adapting to bodies, brains and environments that undergo constant and inevitable change. After highlighting the evidence for the universal role of a class of molecular factors called neurotrophic factors in the response of animals to this challenge, we suggest that implementing models of neurotrophic interactions on robots may confer on them the adaptability and robustness exhibited by animals. We briefly review a mathematical model of neurotrophic interactions and then discuss its application in a robotic context. Finally, we examine the potential, or otherwise, of our approach to developmental robotics.     

面向FAHP-熵权理论的装配机器人造型设计优化研究

目的装配机器人在制造业中已得到广泛应用,为进一步丰富装配机器人的造型意象,满足用户需求。方法基于模糊综合评价法(FAHP)与熵权理论对装配机器人进行了造型设计流程分析。首先,依据层次分析法(AHP)构建装配机器人用户需求层次模型并计算各要素初步的权重值。然后,引入熵权理论完成各要素修正权重的分析与计算,将各要素初步权重值与修正权重值进行拟合,形成最终权重并排序,以此为装配机器人造型设计提供重要依据。结论最后以小型全方位装配机器人平台设计实践为例进行具体分析,完成了小型全方位装配机器人平台造型创新设计,并通过模糊评价筛选出最优方案。其实践过程验证了设计流程的可行性,并提供了更好的产品造型意象。     

产品设计中的概念生成与交互

分析产品设计中的认知模型,探讨设计中概念生成与交互的具体过程和作用.以设计理论研究和实践运用建立方法论基础,为设计师个体设计或团队设计的过程、组织和策略提供设计方法.     

基于StyleGAN的草图生成产品设计效果图方法研究

目的 解决当前产品设计表达中存在对设计师要求高、设计思维具有局限性、设计周期长等问题。方法 提出基于StyleGAN的草图快速生成产品效果图像的方法,该方法利用图像变形技术,将不同程度的产品草图生成真实产品效果图像。结果 该方法可有效地满足设计师创作需求,也能为没有绘画基础的用户生成高质量的产品设计方案。结论 将基于深度学习的StyleGAN模型应用于草图生成真实产品效果图像中,能快速、高效地完成产品设计表达过程,为产品设计表达提供了一个基于深度学习技术的参考框架,也是传统产品设计在人工智能时代的一次创新性探索。     

How to make an autonomous robot as a partner with humans: design approach versus emergent approach

In this paper, we discuss what factors are important to realize an autonomous robot as a partner with humans. We believe that it is important to interact with people without boring them, using verbal and non-verbal communication channels. We have already developed autonomous robots such as AIBO and QRIO, whose behaviours are manually programmed and designed. We realized, however, that this design approach has limitations; therefore we propose a new approach, intelligence dynamics, where interacting in a real-world environment using embodiment is considered very important. There are pioneering works related to this approach from brain science, cognitive science, robotics and artificial intelligence. We assert that it is important to study the emergence of entire sets of autonomous behaviours and present our approach towards this goal.     

基于AHP/QFD/TRIZ的智能门卫机器人设计研究

目的 针对新形势下公共场所出入的物业管理工作,设计一款智能门卫机器人,助力新时代的智慧社区建设。方法 从用户需求出发,使用AHP分析得出各项用户需求的权重值,通过QFD将用户需求转化为产品的技术特性,根据用户需求和技术特性的相关属性构建产品的质量屋,计算各项技术特性的绝对及相对权重值,并确定各项技术特性之间的自相关关系,从而发现设计过程中可能存在的矛盾冲突,运用TRIZ理论对冲突进行描述,并选择合适的分离原理和发明原理对冲突进行解决,得到产品设计的创新解。结果 根据对用户需求和产品技术特性分析计算以及应用TRIZ原理解决冲突的结果,完成智能门卫机器人的设计。结论 基于该设计流程进行设计的智能门卫机器人能够有效地满足物业管理人员及普通民众两个用户群体的使用需求,研究为智能机器人助力智慧社区建设提供了新的思路及参考。     

基于情绪体验的ASD儿童干预机器人造型研究

目的 为提升ASD儿童干预机器人的训练效果,为教辅人员、设计师等提供参考,提出以ASD儿童情绪体验特点为基础的干预机器人拟人化造型特征评价方法。方法 对市场上的机器人造型样本进行拟人度评分,并从中选取代表性样本;从20余项HRV指标中筛选出8项代表性指标,通过HRV实验收集数据;使用改进的PAD情绪量表获取ASD儿童情绪体验主观得分;通过逐步回归法筛选出对情绪体验得分影响较大的HRV指标;以HRV指标为自变量、情绪体验得分为因变量,建立回归关系,为ASD儿童干预机器人造型的设计和方案评价提供理论依据。结果 研究表明,几何型机器人往往带来“放松的”情绪体验,类人型机器人会带来“高兴的”情绪体验,而真人型机器人则可能带来“焦虑的”情绪体验。同时,ASD儿童的愉悦度、唤醒度、优势度与HRV指标之间存在一定的相关性。结论 将改进的PAD情绪量表应用于ASD儿童干预机器人的造型评价中,建立情绪体验和HRV指标之间的回归模型,为设计和评估适合ASD儿童的机器人提供了理论依据,更好地促进了ASD儿童干预机器人的发展。     

基于ADAMS的六轴机器人动力学仿真分析

目的 为了解决六轴机器人包装行业中装箱、搬运等工序的应用问题,主要基于包装生产线的搬运工序设计作业机器人并对其动力学进行研究.方法 根据包装生产线搬运工序的作业特点,将机器人结构设计为六轴关节型机器人,每个关节均通过伺服电机连接减速器驱动,通过牛顿-欧拉法对机器人进行动力学分析,建立机器人模型,并运用ADAMS软件对其动力学进行仿真分析.结果 所设计机器人关节的运动轨迹曲线平稳变化,轨迹平滑连续,角速度和角加速度曲线平滑、无突变.结论 机器人运动平稳,在运动过程中振动较小,证明了结构设计的合理性,为六轴机器人的优化设计提供了理论基础.     

基于文献分析的机器人面部表情评估量表研究

目的随着机器人交互技术的不断发展,研究者们开始针对机器人与人之间的情感交流展开探索,机器人面部表情设计成为研究的热点。为了推动人与机器人的互动交流,研究者需要构造能够被人们接受的机器人面部表达方式。然而,到目前为止,关于人对机器人面部表情感知的评估机制还缺乏相对系统的分析和总结,因此,希望通过对机器人面部表情评估量表的分析和归纳,为设计师在不同情境下选择合适的评估方法,提供指导建议。方法采用文献调研方法,选取五十一篇相关文献进行综述分析,从而梳理和分析适用于机器人面部表情评估的量表。文献关键词包含机器人面部表情设计、机器人面部表情评估、机器人情绪评估量表等,文献主要来自于ACM、Springer、IEEE等数据库,文献发表的年度范围是1977~2019年。通过文献调研分析,提取了六类最重要的机器人面部表情评估量表,包括同理心量表、心理状态三维度量表、机器人焦虑量表、积极-消极自我报告量表、测量个体对机器人感知的量表和李克特量表等,详细阐述了每类量表中的具体形式及其变种。从设计要点、来源领域及评估角度三个方面分析了六类评估量表的特点。最后形成了机器人面部表情评估量表的适用建议。结论对机器人面部表情评估量表进行归类、总结,并且提出了每个量表的适用阶段和情境。     

A Light‐Powered Ultralight Tensegrity Robot with High Deformability and Load Capacity

Traditional hard robots often require complex motion‐control systems to accomplish various tasks, while applications of soft‐bodied robots are limited by their low load‐carrying capability. Herein, a hybrid tensegrity robot composed of both hard and soft materials is constructed, mimicking the musculoskeletal system of animals. Employing liquid crystal elastomer–carbon nanotube composites as artificial muscles in the tensegrity robot, it is demonstrated that the robot is extremely deformable, and its multidirectional locomotion can be entirely powered by light. The tensegrity robot is ultralight, highly scalable, has high load capacity, and can be precisely controlled to move along different paths on multiterrains. In addition, the robot also shows excellent resilience, deployability, and impact‐mitigation capability, making it an ideal platform for robotics for a wide range of applications.     

勇敢的心-北京设计师作品选辑

设计是一种展开思考,构筑新价值的行为,这次专题邀请的北京四位设计师（组合）尽管年龄、设计取向和各自涉及的领域不尽相同,但让人感受的共同点是他们从心底进发出的对设计的热爱和勇敢的实验精神,以及实践的多样性与广阔性。他们的工作在商业和文化中穿行,始终保持着一种挑战传统设计观念的自由、开放的精神。     

Knowledge-based functional design of industrial robots

This paper presents an expert functional design model and software modeling environment for designing the architecture of industrial robots. The modeling environment comprises an integrated knowledge base, an inference engine, a working memory, and an explanation unit and is implemented in CLIPS. The functional design model is based on the authors’ behaviour-driven, function-environment-structure (B-FES) formalism, which has been tailored to meet the special requirements of industrial robot design. A universal robot template has been created and a library of typical components of a robot has been compiled. Nine customized templates were generated from the universal template. Web links to the websites of manufacturers/suppliers provide easy access to data on robot components. The architectural design solutions are assessed by a set of user-defined performance criteria, such as precision, flexibility and short cycle time. Application of the approach is demonstrated through a case study of the functional design of a printed circuit board assembly robot. The authors argue that this approach is new for configuring robots and can significantly reduce the time, effort and number of errors made.