多径干扰下的物联网链路负载均衡控制算法

在多径干扰下的物联网传输链路容易受到多径效应的影响导致链路均衡性不好,物联网数据转发的误码率较高。为了提高多径干扰下的物联网链路负载均衡控制能力,提出了一种基于分数间隔均衡和误比特率反馈调制技术的物联网数据转发负载均衡控制模型,构建多径干扰下的物联网传输链路模型,分析物联网链路的多径特性,采用扩频信道调制方法进行物联网链路的码间干扰滤波,结合分数间隔均衡技术进行链路均衡设计,采用信道的带宽自适应调节模型进行物联网链路的多径抑制,结合误比特率反馈调制解调技术实现物联网链路负载均衡控制,克服信道对于多径干扰产生的多径衰减的影响,提高物联网链路负载均衡性。仿真结果表明,采用该算法进行物联网链路负载均衡控制,数据转发输出的码元保真性较好,误码率较低,在多径干扰信道的链路转发自适应控制性能较好,提高了物联网链路的稳健性和鲁棒性。     

基于空时编码的水声MIMO通信系统的应用研究

由于水声信道存在严重的频率选择性衰落和多径干扰,使得水声通信系统的数据率和传输信号的信噪比受到极大的限制。为此,提出了一种基于空时分组编码（STBC）的水声多输入-多输出（MIMO）通信编码方案,即＂空时分组扩频编码方案（space time block spread code）＂,该方案应用扩频技术有效地克服了水声信道中多径干扰对STBC正交性的影响。给出了采用频移键控和差分相移键控调制的STBSC-MIMO实现方案,对方案的误比特率性能进行了仿真分析。仿真和试验结果表明,在多径水声信道中,STBSC-MIMO方案可以得到有效的应用。     

线性调频信号在水声通信中的应用

针对现代水声通信中由水声多经引起的码间串扰问题,研究了线性调频信号调制手段在频域里分离水声多径信号的方法,从公式推导和误码率两方面对线性调频信号调制的性能进行了分析,并给出了该方法的实验仿真。实际仿真结果表明,利用线性调频信号进行调制可以分离水声多径信号,有效抑制码间串扰,提高通信质量,是水声通信中解决多经串扰的一种实用方法。     

水声通信系统中的Turbo编码方案研究

为了使数据在极其复杂的水声信道中可靠传输,需要采用具有很好纠错性能的纠错码来提高信息传输的可靠性。针对水声信道多径干扰强、信道衰落严重的特点,提出了基于Turbo编码的直接序列扩频水声通信编码方案,并对其在水声多径信道中的性能进行分析。数值仿真及湖试数据处理结果表明,该编码方案具有编码增益高、抗多径能力强的特点,误码性能优于不加直接序列扩频的Turbo编码方案,更适合于强多径、衰落严重的水声信道。     

NLMS判决反馈均衡器在水声通信中的应用

在水声通信中,由于其环境复杂,噪声高、多途效应严重、信道带宽窄、信号起伏衰落严重等不利因素使得水声通信系统接收端产生严重的码间干扰,本文针对实验采集到的实际信号,利用传统LMS判决反馈均衡器及NLMS判决反馈均衡器对信号进行均衡处理,接受信号误码率由42.6%大幅降低,满足系统处理要求,相较于传统Ims判决反馈均衡器,...     

基于浅海多径时延的复合码水声测距研究

针对浅海环境单发单收水声测距方法运算复杂度较高、易受水下特殊环境影响的问题,提出一种低复杂度且适用于水声多径信道的测距方法。首先将复合码作为同步测距信号应用于水声测距系统,支持快速、准确的信号同步和多径时延检测,然后提出改进加权函数的广义互相关(GCC)算法提取多径时延,最后引入匹配函数将多径时延与传播路径正确匹配,并结合双曲线、三角形等几何方法计算收发端之间的距离。仿真结果表明,在多径及低信噪比(-10 dB)环境下,复合码同步捕获准确率达100%且运算复杂度较低,与相位变换-广义互相关(PHAT-GCC)算法相比,改进加权函数的GCC算法多径时延检测性能提高了将近6 dB,在此基础上,实现了单接收节点对水下目标的测距。     

基于直接序列扩频的WSN通信信道均衡算法

对无线传感器网络（WSN）通信信道进行均衡设计,抑制无线传感器节点之间的码间干扰,改善通信质量。提出一种基于直接序列扩频的WSN通信信道均衡算法。进行了WSN的信道模型设计,为了降低信道输出的稳态误差,采用时间反转镜为匹配滤波方法,进行多径信道的码间干扰滤波,设计自相关匹配滤波器,通过直接序列扩频方法实现WSN通信的信道均衡。仿真结果表明,采用该算法进行WSN的通信信道均衡设计,发射信号沿各个路径到达接收机的信号分量得到准确分离,信号的多径分量得到无误码接收,通信信道均衡效果较好,通信误比特率低于传统方法,改善了WSN通信质量,展示了较好的应用价值。     

基于多层感知器的低压电力线时变信道非线性均衡方法

通过添加适当的循环前缀(CP)的正交频分复用(OFDM)技术是一种去除高速通信中符号间干扰的有效方法，但低压电力线作为载波通信通道使用时是一种时变多径信道，采用OFDM技术进行高速载波通信时信号的正交性会因此而受到一定程度的破坏，产生子载波间干扰（ICI）。该文采用基于多层感知器（MLP）的均方差(MSE)准则实现了一种时变信道的非线性均衡。为了验证所提出的非线性均衡方法的有效性，选取具有宽带耦合放大器的实际低压电力线通信(PLC)信道作为实验用非线性信道模型。对比了基于MSE准则的线性和非线性均衡器对系统性能的影响，表明该文采用的非线性均衡方法可以更有效地补偿信道的多径性和时变性造成的影响和改善电力线载波通信系统的性能。     

电力线通信中信道估计和模糊滤波技术研究

信道估计是正交频分复用(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing,OFDM) 技术中数据解调与均衡的基础。文章在分析电力线信道特性的基础上,针对电力线信道的非线性畸变对数据传输准确率的影响,提出采用基于模糊模型的滤波器来估计信道模型。仿真结果表明,所设计的H∞ 滤波器与OFDM 通信技术相结合能够有效消除或降低电力线信道中存在的噪声干扰、码间干扰和信道间干扰。     

基于TMS320C55X的级联码在电力线载波通信中的应用

如何克服电力线信道的严重干扰一直是困扰电力载波机设计者的难题。文章提出了一种电力载波机的设计方案，其中不仅采用正交频分复用技术来克服多径效应和频率选择性衰减，而且引入级联码来消除随机误码和突发干扰。文中对由RS码 交织 卷积码构成的级联码在电力线载波通信中的应用进行了重点研究，详细讨论了如何在TMS320C55X数字信号处理器上实现该级联码。仿真实验表明，该级联码能够在有相当多误码的情况下实现正确译码。     

An improved hypothesis-feedback equalization algorithm for multicode direct-sequence spread-spectrum underwater communications

In underwater acoustic communication, because the available bandwidth of the channel is severely limited, the direct-sequence spread-spectrum scheme can only be realized at low bit rates. To improve the transmission speed, a multicode spread-spectrum scheme is considered. However, in this case, due to the rapid time-variability of the underwater channel, and the influence of inter-symbol interference (ISI) and inter-channel interference (ICI), the conventional rake receiver may fail to function. The hypothesis-feedback equalization algorithm has been proposed for the direct-sequence spread-spectrum system [1]. By updating coefficients at chip rate and feeding back hypothesized chips, it can track time-variability and combat ISI effectively. However, for a multicode system, its performance will be degraded by ICI. An improved algorithm is proposed in this paper, which combines parallel interference cancellation (PIC) with hypothesis-feedback equalization (HFE), with the capabilities of tracking the time-varying channel and suppressing the ISI and ICI at the same time. Simulation results prove that the proposed algorithm can significantly improve the performance of a multicode system. Translated from Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 2006, 24(6): 726–729 [译自: 西北工业大学学报]     

水下FBMC系统的离散导频信道估计技术研究

水下环境的复杂性对水声通信带来挑战,一般通过优化信道估计技术来实现水下通信的高速率、可靠性传输。将滤波器组多载波/交错正交幅度调制(filter bank based multicarrier/offset quadrature amplitude modulation, FBMC/OQAM)技术引入水下,研究FBMC/OQAM系统中信道估计技术,并对离散导频信道估计算法进行重点研究。分析了不同信道影响下离散导频信道估计的性能,并针对辅助导频法额外功率消耗过高的问题进行改进,提出一种改进的辅助导频方法(improved auxiliary pilot method, IAP),降低功率消耗的同时又提高了估计性能。理论分析和水下仿真结果表明,IAP算法是水声通信实际应用中较好的选择。     

Design of a blind spatial and temporal RBF equalizer using a genetic algorithm

This paper describes a new solution to channel intersymbol interference and nonlinear distortion by means of an adaptive array antenna and radial basis function (RBF) equalizer. The RBF equalizer can reduce the influence of intersymbol interference and additive noise in the digital communication system. It is also well known to eliminate nonlinear distortion effectively. However, conventional RBF equalizers including our previous proposed equalizer, a spatial and temporal RBF equalizer using adaptive array antenna, need training data to learn channel states, which incurs a decline in the data rate. In this paper, without training data, we construct a blind spatial and temporal RBF equalizer using genetic algorithm. We also describe a method of synthesizing Bayesian decision variables of RBF equalizers in order to obtain better performance. The RBF equalizer based on the proposed method can achieve a remarkable improvement in BER characteristics and its performance is demonstrated by computer simulations. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 152(4): 50–56, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20123     

Blind channel equalization

Signals that pass through a channel undergo various forms of distortion. One very common type of distortion is intersymbol interference, or ISI. ISI is caused by interference from the symbols that were transmitted before and after the given symbol. ISI-induced errors can cause the receiver to misinterpret the received samples. The equalizer is an important part of a modern digital communications receiver. It filters the received data to minimize the linear distortion induced during the transmission of the signal. (There is no nonlinear distortion.) This distortion occurs when the signal is transmitted through a channel. The channel is the physical medium that connects the transmitter and receiver. For example, the Earth's atmosphere is the medium in a wireless communications system. By sending the signal through the equalizer, the effects of ISI are counteracted; i.e. the receiver can make accurate symbol decisions based on the equalizer output. This article discusses the constant modulus algorithm, or CMA. This is the most popular algorithm used to blindly update equalizer coefficients     

Adaptive Robust Turbo Equalization for Power-Line Communications

Data communication over power lines requires advanced signal-processing techniques to cope with time-varying intersymbol interference and severe impulsive noise. A further challenge comes from strict regulatory constraints that stipulate low transmission power. In this paper, we propose an adaptive robust turbo equalizer for single-carrier coded systems. The turbo equalizer has a component equalizer to deal with the deep frequency notches present in power-line channels. The component equalizer exchanges extrinsic information with a component decoder to perform iterative detection. To facilitate adaptive equalization in time-varying power-line channels, a simple system identification-based channel estimator is incorporated. Most important, a nonlinear-matched myriad filter (MMyF) is used for efficient baseband filtering in impulsive channels. The results show that the MMyF is indispensable for the turbo equalizer to achieve reliable channel estimation and data detection in impulsive power lines. Substantial performance improvements over the conventional scheme designed for Gaussian channels are observed.     

A nonlinear equalization method based on multilayer perceptron for OFDM power-line communication

A high-speed data-communication over low-voltage power line is currently an active field of broad application. Power-line communication (PLC), based on orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), is developing rapidly. OFDM with an appropriately selected guard interval is considered as one of the most effective ways to eliminate the intersymbol interference of high-rate signal transmission. However, it is unable to deal with the orthogonality degradation between the subchannels due to the time-variant characteristics of the multipath power-line channels, which are known as the interchannel interference problem. It is, therefore, necessary to introduce a nonlinear channel equalizer. In this paper, a multilayer perceptron scheme trained with a mean square error (MSE) criterion is proposed for the design of the nonlinear channel equalizer. The performances of the traditional linear equalizer and the proposed nonlinear one are compared. In order to evaluate the robustness of the proposed approach against the channel distortion, experimental measurements are made in a real PLC network. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified via the experiments on the test system.     

基于HHT的水声通信系统研究

针对希尔伯特黄变换(HHT)能够给出非平稳信号的瞬时频率的特点,提出了HHT调制解调方式。通过RAKE接收和RS纠错编码技术相结合,建立起HHT水声通信系统;并对HHT水声通信系统进行系统仿真,通过仿真的误码率曲线分析了HHT水声通信系统的性能。最后经过湖试,试验数据表明HHT水声通信系统在实际通信环境中是稳定的、有效的,HHT应用于水声通信系统中是可行的。     

无线MIMO—OFDM通信系统原理及其关键技术

MIMO-OFDM将OFDM技术与MIMO技术结合起来,在不增加带宽与功率的前提下,可以增加数据的传输数率,被视为下一代高速无线通信的核心技术。文章介绍了无线通信系统中的MIMO-OFDM技术,阐述了MIMO-OFDM系统的基本原理与特点,并就系统模型作了理论推导,详细说明了MIMO-OFDM通信系统的关键技术：编解码技术、同步技术和信道估计技术。