大尺寸内齿轮冷挤压成形工艺研究

对大尺寸内齿轮挤压成形过程进行数值模拟,系统地研究了坯料尺寸、摩擦系数和坯料入口角对挤压成形性能的影响,并对挤压成形工艺进行了优化。研究结果表明:坯料尺寸、摩擦系数和坯料入口角对挤压成形过程存在显著影响。当坯料内孔直径尺寸介于内齿轮的分度圆直径与冲头齿根圆直径之间时,内齿轮齿形充填均匀,齿形饱满。采用优化后的工艺对大尺寸内齿轮进行冷挤压成形试验,结果表明,提出的冷挤压成形工艺方案合理可行。     

驱动齿轮冷挤压成形研究

分析了驱动齿轮的冷挤压成形工艺特征,确定其成形方式为齿轮与内花键同步挤压成形。利用Deform-3D有限元分析软件对驱动齿轮挤压成形过程进行数值模拟,分析了毛坯尺寸、凹模入口角对其挤压成形特性的影响。研究结果表明:当毛坯的外径尺寸大于齿顶圆直径尺寸2 mm、毛坯的内径尺寸为花键小径及凹模入口角为50°时,齿轮和内花键的齿形填充效果较好,同步挤压成形力相对较小。采用模拟得到的优化工艺参数进行挤压成形工艺试验,得到了符合成形精度要求的驱动齿轮成形件。     

内斜齿轮冷挤压成形工艺方案

首先对内斜齿轮的几何特点进行分析,并针对内斜齿轮在冷挤压成形时存在的成形力过大、成形质量差、挤压件脱模困难等技术难点,提出了采用浮动凸模的工艺方案。利用有限元软件DEFORM-3D,对空心坯料冷挤压工艺进行数值模拟分析,分别研究了坯料内孔直径、入模半角和定径带长度对挤压成形载荷和性能的影响。研究结果表明:当坯料内孔直径尺寸为Φ72. 5 mm、入模半角选取45°、定径带长度为20 mm时,内斜齿轮齿形充填均匀,齿形饱满,成形载荷也相对较小。采用浮动凸模的工艺进行内斜齿轮冷挤压成形工艺试验,证明了该工艺方案的可行性和数值模拟结果的正确性。     

大模数圆柱直齿轮正挤压数值模拟与实验研究

根据某型圆柱直齿轮的结构特点,提出了正挤压成形工艺。基于数值模拟研究了凹模入模角和坯料直径对成形性的影响。结果表明:当凹模入模角取45°时,凹模型腔充填最好,能获得完美的齿形。采用优化后的工艺参数对圆柱直齿轮进行了冷挤压成形试验。结果表明,冷挤压成形工艺方案适合空心直齿轮的成形。     

异形齿离合器盘毂冷挤压工艺优化分析与实验研究

针对某带有异形齿法兰离合器盘毂的结构特点提出冷挤压成形工艺。结合有限元分析与正交试验设计方法,以异形齿盘毂冷挤压成形峰值载荷、齿形充填情况以及最大损伤值为目标函数进行正交实验设计,并采用有限元模拟软件分析其凹模入模半锥角、凹模过渡圆角半径、坯料直径、摩擦系数和挤压速度对盘毂冷挤压成形性的影响。分析结果表明:凹模入模半锥角、凹模过渡圆角半径、坯料直径对盘毂冷挤压成形性具有显著影响,并得到最佳工艺参数组合为:入模半锥角40°、凹模过渡圆角半径3 mm和坯料直径Φ53.5 mm。工艺试验结果表明,采用优化后的盘毂冷挤压工艺可以生产出质量合格的产品。     

内螺旋状零件冷挤压成形过程数值模拟及参数优化

对内螺旋状零件的冷挤压成形过程进行数值模拟,系统地研究了摩擦系数、螺旋角和挤压角等因素对内螺旋状零件冷挤压成形过程中凸模所受挤压力和成形缺陷的影响,并对挤压成形工艺参数进行了优化.研究结果表明:摩擦系数、螺旋角和挤压角等因素对内螺旋状零件冷挤压成形过程中挤压力存在显著的影响.随着摩擦系数的增加,挤压力呈线性增加;随着螺旋角和挤压角的增加,挤压力呈非线性增加.摩擦系数和螺旋角等对内螺旋状零件的冷挤压成形缺陷影响较大,而挤压角的影响较小.采用优化后的工艺参数对内螺旋状零件进行了冷挤压成形实验,获得了合格的制件.本文的研究结果为内螺旋状零件的冷挤压成形提供了工艺指导,具有实际的应用价值.     

机车启动齿轮坯加工工艺

通过对启动齿轮成形工艺进行分析,提出了采用冷镦成形齿形外圆和冷挤压花键成形工艺;介绍了变形程度计算,给出了坯料尺寸及挤压力的计算;对冷挤压花键模的设计做了介绍,其保证了该零件的顺利成形,为类似零件的制造提供参考.     

非贯通内齿轮冷挤压成形工艺研究

针对目前内齿轮主要靠机械加工成形,齿件强度不足、材料利用率低和加工成本高等问题,提出采用冷挤压技术成形非贯通内齿轮的工艺方案.根据初始坯料形状将工艺方案分为两种,即实心坯料冷挤压和带中心孔坯料冷挤压,指出各自的加工工序,并提出齿形凸模设计的具体要求;通过数值模拟方法,从成形载荷、有效齿高、齿件精度及模具强度等方面对两种挤压工艺方案进行系统研究,得到这两种工艺方案各自的适用条件.研究结果对实际生产有一定的指导作用.     

齿轮冷挤压成形影响因素的数值模拟研究

采用数值模拟方法分析了齿轮冷挤压过程的影响因素。发现坯料的选择要考虑挤压力的大小,最好比齿顶圆大1~2 mm,坯料中带孔挤压比不带孔挤压降低挤压力约10%。带凸台的冲头的凸台高度要小于凹模入口角的高度。凹模的入口角尽量加大,以减小受力。挤压力随着凹模芯棒直径的增加而增加。采用复合挤压是一种很好的齿轮成形方式,能够降低材料消耗和后续的切削量。     

弧齿锥齿轮冷挤压预制坯的优化设计

针对三轮摩托车倒挡机构从动锥齿轮的结构特点,设计了冷挤压件.借助塑性有限元软件,模拟了弧齿锥齿轮的分流挤压成形过程,研究了预制坯的形状、锥角及直径对成形力及成形质贫的影响.模拟结果表明,圆柱锥形预制坯最适合冷挤压成形,当坯料锥角比冷挤压件锥角小7.～12.时,成形力较小;而预制坯直径选择不当,将会造成齿形无法充满.工艺...     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.