固相粒径对深海采矿矿浆泵空化特性影响的规律

针对深海采矿矿浆泵空化现象,研究固相粒径对其空化特性的影响。根据空化核子理论、质能方程建立气液两相之间的质量转换方程,运用Fluent软件和Singhal et al的空化模型对在不同固相颗粒粒径工况下的深海采矿矿浆泵进行稳态全流道空化仿真研究。分析叶轮叶片背面压力和气相体积分布规律,对不同区间气相体积分数进行统计,计算出不同颗粒粒径下泵的空化余量和扬程。研究结果表明:随着固相颗粒的增大,叶轮叶片背面入口处的低压区面积逐渐扩展,泵的空化现象趋于严重,扬程下降。当粒径为25 mm时空化余量陡降至最低1.11m,空泡分布广泛,部分区域体积分数高达0.9;粒径从10 mm到25 mm的过程中扬程下降了8.67 m;继续增大粒径,泵的空化性能有所提升,空化余量稳定在3.5 m,但泵的扬程在空化和颗粒磨损共同作用下继续下降至65.3 m。     

旋流泵内颗粒分布特性及对泵性能的影响

基于Eulerian多相流模型和RNG κ-ε两方程湍流模型对旋流泵内的液固两相流场进行了数值模拟,获得了不同粒径、浓度时泵内的颗粒分布特性及对泵性能的影响。研究结果表明:固体颗粒进入泵内后主要集中于无叶腔内,无叶腔中的颗粒分布以泵轴为中心呈现一定的轴对称分布,随着粒径的增大,颗粒在无叶腔内壁面聚集的更加明显,随着浓度的增大,颗粒在无叶腔内的分布规律几乎没有变化,随着流量的增大,无叶腔中心部分颗粒浓度几乎不变的区域扩大;在叶轮内,叶片工作面附近的颗粒浓度要大于叶片背面的;随着粒径及浓度的增大旋流泵的效率会降低,随着粒径的增大泵的扬程会降低。     

旋流泵内盐析两相流场的计算及试验研究

为研究流体机械内部伴有盐析的液固两相流动情况,自行设计了旋流式模型泵,采用双流体模型计算了该泵在最优工况下的氯化钠盐析两相流场,并采用先进的激光相位多普勒粒子测速仪测量了泵无叶腔及叶轮内部盐析两相流的三维速度场。将试验结果与计算结果进行对比,验证了计算模型的适用性,并给出了误差分析。通过对试验测得的周向、轴向、径向速度及其对应的脉动速度分布曲线讨论,初步揭示了该型泵内盐析两相流动特征。在整个流道内,盐析晶体颗粒大部分集中于无叶腔,且分布较均匀;进入叶轮后向叶片工作面靠拢;颗粒浓度最低处是在叶轮进口叶片背面靠近叶轮后盖板附近;液固两相在叶轮与无叶腔中的周向速度分布差异明显;两相间速度及脉动速度有滑移,但差异总体上并不显著。     

颗粒性质对叶片圆盘泵叶轮内颗粒分布的影响

为研究颗粒性质对颗粒在叶片圆盘泵叶轮内分布规律的影响,将叶片圆盘泵叶轮分为无叶区和叶片区,采用多重参考坐标系法模拟流体在叶片区和无叶区内的流动。采用Eulerian多相流模型、RNG k-ε湍流模型与SIMPLEC算法,利用Fluent软件对叶片圆盘泵内固液两相湍流进行数值模拟。对不同直径、不同浓度及不同密度颗粒在叶轮叶片区和无叶区的分布及颗粒在叶轮表面分布规律进行分析。结果表明:颗粒密度和颗粒直径对颗粒分布影响较大,颗粒密度、粒径越大,颗粒越难被液相带动加速而处在液相相对速度较慢的无叶区,随着颗粒密度、粒径的增大,叶轮表面颗粒浓度分布变化趋缓;颗粒浓度对颗粒在无叶区和叶片区分布影响较小;叶片表面颗粒浓度大于轮盘表面颗粒浓度,从动轮上轮盘表面和叶片表面颗粒浓度要小于相应主动轮表面颗粒浓度。     

离心式污水泵叶轮磨损的数值模拟

针对离心污水泵内固液两相流动比较复杂的情况,用含沙水为工作介质,通过改变沙粒粒径和含沙水颗粒浓度的方法,对小粒径颗粒在离心污水泵内的流动进行了数值模拟。借助弄清内流场的速度、压力与颗粒分布,分析了粒径大小对泵内固体颗粒运动的影响和进口初始颗粒浓度对泵内压力和固相分布的影响,得出压力沿叶轮吸力面和压力面的分布规律以及固体颗粒沿叶片吸力面和压力面的分布规律,并在此基础上得出了离心污水泵叶轮的磨损特性。     

急冷油泵内颗粒对叶轮磨损的数值模拟分析

因急冷油中含有固体颗粒,在运行过程中会对泵的过流部件造成磨损,从而影响泵的寿命。基于离散模型(DPM),针对不同粒径、不同浓度的颗粒对叶轮的磨损进行了数值模拟分析。研究结果表明：颗粒粒径保持不变时,随着颗粒质量浓度的增大,急冷油泵过流部件上的磨损位置不变,磨损量增加;颗粒质量浓度保持不变,当粒径从0.025 mm增加到2 mm时,叶片工作面尾缘磨损程度加剧,背面磨损程度降低,前盖板靠近背面一侧磨损减弱,靠近工作面一侧磨损加剧;颗粒粒径与颗粒浓度不变的情况下,通过优化叶片的出口角度,可以适当降低整体的磨损率,达到优化作用。     

双叶片螺旋离心泵固液两相流特性研究

为研究双叶片螺旋离心泵叶轮内固液流动特性,采用Eulerian多相流模型,扩展的标准k-ε湍流方程以及SIMPLE算法,应用流体动力学软件对双叶片螺旋离心泵叶轮内固液两相湍流进行了数值模拟。分析了多粒径及初始固相体积浓度条件下的固相体积浓度分布规律。通过分析可得到固体颗粒存在由叶片压力面向吸力面迁移的趋势,同时有从轮毂侧向轮缘侧运动的趋势;通过外特性分析得到了相同粒径下水泵扬程随固相浓度的升高而减小,相同固相浓度下水泵扬程随粒径的增大而减小的变化趋势。     

两相流离心泵水力输送性能计算分析

为探索一台固液两相流离心泵的水力性能与磨损特性,基于代数滑移混合物模型(Algebraic slip mixture model,ASMM)对其内部流场进行三维不可压缩定常流动数值计算,其中转子与定子之间的动静耦合采用"冻结转子法"实现。多相位定常流动计算结果与水力试验结果的对比确定最佳的转动位置,并确认数值计算方法的准确性。预测结果表明,颗粒属性对模型泵水力性能影响的次序为固相体积分数、颗粒密度和粒径。随着颗粒直径、密度和固相体积分数的增加,预测扬程均下降;效率总体上也呈现下降趋势,但在固相体积分数为10%时输送效率最高。在靠近隔舌的叶轮出口处存在由低、中、高三种速度组合的双剪切层射流—尾流结构。总体而言,模型泵叶片吸力面的磨损程度比压力面更为严重。固相体积分数对叶片表面磨损程度的影响比较明显,颗粒密度影响较小,颗粒直径仅对吸力面磨损程度影响显著,对压力面影响不明显。     

固相浓度对深海采矿矿浆泵空化性能影响规律

为分析固相浓度对深海采矿矿浆泵空化特性的影响,通过空化核子理论、质能方程建立气相和液相、固相和液相之间的联系,探求气固两相之间的理论关系,进行固相参数对深海采矿矿浆泵空化性能影响分析,并采用mixture多相流模型,RNG k-ε湍流模型,Schnerr and Sauer空化模型,在fluent软件中对矿浆泵进行稳态空化仿真。比较不同颗粒浓度对矿浆泵流场压力分布、气相分布及工作性能的影响,为矿浆泵空化特性提供依据。研究结果表明:空化发生时的临界气泡半径与固相浓度及其流量可通过液体压强建立联系,固相颗粒浓度越大、固相流量越大,空化将提前发生,抗空化性能将下降;随着固相浓度的增加,在矿浆泵首级叶轮叶片背面入口处压力降幅增大,气相体积分数增大,泵扬程减小,汽蚀余量减小。     

转轮及导叶流域固液两相流研究

为了研究灯泡贯流式机组内流状态和磨损规律基于欧拉-欧拉法中的Particle非均匀相模型,对不同固相直径、浓度、导叶开度下水轮机固液两相流工况进行计算。结果表明,固相高浓度区集中在转轮域和尾水管进口处,且随着固相直径和浓度的增加而增加。随着固相直径和浓度的增加,导叶域表面压力、固相速度、固相浓度分布均增加,导叶背面更易发生磨损。在转轮域,固相高浓度区分布在叶片正面轮毂处和进水边,叶片背面整体固相浓度分布较高,且表面固相速度、浓度分布与固相直径和入口浓度呈正相关。     

Numerical simulation and analysis of solid-liquid two-phase flow in centrifugal pump

The flow with solid-liquid two-phase media inside centrifugal pumps is very complicated and the relevant method for the hydraulic design is still immature so far.There exist two main problems in the operation of the two-phase flow pumps,i.e.,low overall efficiency and severe abrasion.In this study,the three-dimensional,steady,incompressible,and turbulent solid-liquid two-phase flows in a low-specific-speed centrifugal pump are numerically simulated and analyzed by using a computational fluid dynamics(CFD) code based on the mixture model of the two-phase flow and the RNG k-two-equation turbulence model,in which the influences of rotation and curvature are fully taken into account.The coupling between impeller and volute is implemented by means of the frozen rotor method.The simulation results predicted indicate that the solid phase properties in two-phase flow,especially the concentration,the particle diameter and the density,have strong effects on the hydraulic performance of the pump.Both the pump head and the efficiency are reduced with increasing particle diameter or concentration.However,the effect of particle density on the performance is relatively minor.An obvious jet-wake flow structure is presented near the volute tongue and becomes more remarkable with increasing solid phase concentration.The suction side of the blade is subject to much more severe abrasion than the pressure side.The obtained results preliminarily reveal the characteristics of solid-liquid two-phase flow in the centrifugal pump,and are helpful for improvement and empirical correction in the hydraulic design of centrifugal pumps.     

重型平板车液压系统与发动机功率匹配研究

根据重型平板车液压系统功率分配的特点,从发动机与泵的功率匹配、发动机最佳工作点的选取及负载与泵的匹配等环节分析了重型平板车液压系统与发动机功率匹配原理。在充分考虑液压系统效率及发动机载荷的基础上,提出了重型平板车液压系统与发动机功率匹配的实现方案及节能控制规律。TMZ100型重型平板车现场试验表明,此功率匹配系统满足该重型平板车操控性能的要求。     

离心压缩机内固粒运动规律与冲蚀磨损的数值模拟

针对离心压缩机叶轮的冲蚀磨损问题,利用FLUENT中离散相模型、质量冲蚀率模型,对压缩机内部不同粒径的固体颗粒的运行轨迹、运动速度、偏聚浓度及造成的叶片冲蚀率的分布进行了数值模拟。结果表明:粒径为5~20μm的绝大部分的固体颗粒流经大叶片压力面附近流道;固体颗粒在运动到叶片前缘过程中速度迅速升高,在压力面腹侧会有所减小,后缘处重新升高;大叶片后缘根部固体颗粒浓度高、运行速度快,冲蚀磨损严重,且固体颗粒直径越大对大叶片压力面造成的冲蚀磨损越严重。     

Heat transfer characteristics of liquid-solid suspension flow in a horizontal pipe

Particles in liquid-solid suspension flow might enhance or suppress the rate of heat transfer and turbulence depending on their size and concentration, The heat transfer characteristics of liquid-solid suspension in turbulent flow are not well understood due to the complexibility of interaction between solid particles and turbulence of the carrier fluid. In this study, the heat transfer coefficients of liquid-solid mixtures are investigated using a double pipe heat exchanger with suspension flows in the inner pipe. Experiments are carried out using spherical fly ash particles with mass median diameter ranging from 4 to 78 μm. The volume concentration of solids in the slurry ranged from 0 to 50% and Reynolds number ranged from 4,000 to 11,000. The heat transfer coefficient of liquid-solid suspension to water flow is found to increase with decreasing particle diameter. The heat transfer coefficient increases with particle volume concentration exhibiting the highest heat transfer enhancement at the 3% solid volume concentration and then gradually decreases. A correlation for heat transfer to liquid-solid flows in a horizontal pipe is presented.     

长短叶片离心泵汽蚀性能数值模拟分析及实验研究

为提高离心泵的汽蚀性能,利用CFD数值模拟分析与实验研究相结合的方法对长短叶片离心泵在不同汽蚀余量时叶轮内部气液两相的分布规律进行分析研究,分析了3种不同短叶片进口直径在不同汽蚀工况时气泡分布情况对叶轮内部流动和性能的影响。分析结果表明:选择合理短叶片的进口直径可以有效提高离心泵的抗汽蚀性能,避免叶轮进口堵塞和流道内发生漩涡汽蚀。当汽蚀余量减小到一定程度,离心泵短叶片进口直径为0.65D2(D2为叶轮外径)时,在长叶片和短叶片的背面都会出现漩涡汽蚀区;当离心泵短叶片进口直径为0.75D2时,在长叶片背面与短叶片工作面间的流道内会出现两个漩涡汽蚀区;当离心泵短叶片进口直径为0.85D2时,离心泵的抗汽蚀性能最佳。     

大颗粒下螺旋离心泵内运动特性数值模拟与分析

以150×100LN-32型螺旋离心泵为模型,采用欧拉多流体、RNG k-ε模型对其内部进行三维数值模拟。对比不同颗粒粒径以及浓度情况下固液两相流场,分析了在大颗粒情况下,固体颗粒在螺旋离心泵内的运动情况。通过固相体积分数、压力以及速度分布,得出了大颗粒固液两相流在螺旋离心泵内的运动特性。并以此为参照,分析大颗粒情况下螺旋离心泵磨损情况。     

Numerical simulation and experimental research on the influence of solid-phase characteristics on centrifugal pump performance

The law governing the movement of particles in the centrifugal pump channel is complicated; thus, it is difficult to examine the solid-liquid two-phase turbulent flow in the pump. Consequently, the solid-liquid two-phase pump is designed based only on the unary theory. However, the obvious variety of centrifugal-pump internal flow appears because of the existence of solid phase, thus changing pump performance. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the flow characteristics of the solid-liquid two-phase pump. In the current paper, two-phase numerical simulation and centrifugal pump performance tests are carried out using different solid-particle diameters and two-phase mixture concentration conditions. Inner flow features are revealed by comparing the simulated and experimental results. The comparing results indicate that the influence of the solid-phase characteristics on centrifugal-pump performance is small when the flow rate is low, specifically when it is less than 2 m3/h. The maximum efficiency declines, and the best efficiency point tends toward the low flow-rate direction along with increasing solid-particle diameter and volume fraction, leading to reduced pump steady efficient range. The variation tendency of the pump head is basically consistent with that of the efficiency. The efficiency and head values of the two-phase mixture transportation are even larger than those of pure-water transportation under smaller particle diameter and volume fraction conditions at the low-flow-rate region. The change of the particle volume fraction has a greater effect on the pump performance than the change in the particle diameter. The experimental values are totally smaller than the simulated values. This research provides the theoretical foundation for the optimal design of centrifugal pump.