FCG—1型光纤几何参数测量仪

利用反射和透射光照明正置金相显微镜对光纤截面进行放大,由摄像机接收放大后的图象。利用对图象的自动扫描,阈值电平比较和电子细分技术获取图象的边缘信息,利用计算机处理数据,进行曲线拟合,得到所需的各种几何参数。     

数字化裂隙灯生物显微镜外眼图象分析系统

介绍了数字化裂隙灯生物显微镜外眼图象分析系统。系统通过改造传统裂隙灯生物显微镜的摄像光路,用数码相机取代普通光学相机,记录不同尺寸的放大图象,从而获得高清晰度数码图象,利用数字图象处理技术对裂隙灯生物显微镜图象进行处理,为临床提供客观和定量化的诊断依据,同时可以实现患者信息资料与图象的高交存储,管理与远程传输。     

国外科技简讯

<正> 英国制成电子立体显微镜英国研制的图象放大Zoom立体显微镜,没有传统的目镜,而是将图象在一个小的显示器上进行显示,图象显示器经全面防护,可防止不希望有的反射,这种显微镜是医学、电子学领域研究和生产中的一种理想显微镜。     

三维造型图象处理技术

随着计算机技术的飞速发展。围绕着对照片(包括卫星照片、X光照片、电视图象和雷达信息等)的分析和判读而产生了图象处理技术。其基本功能是如何使模糊的照片变清晰、进行局部放大、图象信息的压缩及传输、去除干扰、有用信息的增强和对一些缩微照片进行判读、分析等等。它的产生和发展使图象处理技术走上了一个新的阶段。另外,有一种称之为CAE(Computer Aided Engineering)的计算机辅助工程系统的新技术、正在引起人们的深刻注意和     

高分辨率回束视象管的应用

回束视象管(RBV)是一种性能良好的电子图象传感器和电存储元件。它能够接受连续和断续的曝光。为信号的处理或显示,能够以一次扫描或多次重复扫描读出信息。分辨率是10,000电视行/图象高度,每毫米100对线,性能赶上或超过胶片,特别是在低对比度成象情况下成象衬度低的胶片。电子变焦距能够有效用于图象放大和数据压缩。回束视象管这种良好的性能和灵活性,使其广泛应用于侦察、扫描变换、信息存储与检索,自动检验与试验的系统中。     

利用声显微镜检测质量

美国 Sonoscan 公司制成一种激光扫描声显微镜(SLAM)。这种显微镜将声波转换为可观察的图象,从而为内部微细结构的研究提供新的远景。激光扫描声显微镜的原理可比做用音叉在水盆上发出的声音可以观察到一样。声显微镜是使超声波透过样品传至一反射面上,用激光扫描该表面,将其放大了的图象送至字符图象屏幕显示器上作声学和光学的观察,最后借助于光象来识别声象中的特征。     

人工散斑在机械性能测试中的应用

宏观的机械性能测试已经有了许多成熟的理论和实验方法,在微观测量方面至今还没有可靠的测试手段。利用扫描电镜所拍摄的高位 放大图象,采用数字图象的处理技术来获取更多的表面变形的信息,在此 基础上运用数字散斑相关法这种特定的图象识别方法就有可能解决机械在力作用下的微观损伤、从而可以进一步提高机械结构的各种性能。     

扫描电子显微镜——各种生产工艺的工具

扫描电子显微镜(SEM),自60年代问世以来,已经历了26年的发展。早期的研究主要为生物医学科学服务,而当今这种技术的应用已经覆盖了所有的科学技术领域。扫描电子显微镜之所以成为如此有价值的工具,是由于它具有可观察相当大范围的能力,容易选择最适合的放大倍数(光学显微镜则要记住选择的高/低倍数),可放大各种图象。扫描电子显微镜能够获得鲜明的立体图     

一种基于分形特征的工程图纸文字提取方法

提出了一种基于分形特征的机械图纸中注释文字、标注文字等文字区域的定位提取方法,算法在原始输入图象中计算各个象素点及其邻域内分形特征,生成分形特征图象,该分形特征图象的分形特征直方图具有较好的可分性,对其进行门限化处理,形成图象的分割区域图,对区域图象的长方形区域进行检测,即可得到文字区域。     

英语科技文体中名词作代称特点剖析

提出了一种基于强化学习技术的数字X光乳腺图象自动分割方法。该方法由分割模块和学习模块组成:分割模块利用区域生长算法并结合平滑滤波和形态学滤波分割乳腺图象;学习模块将分割结果作为反馈,利用强化学习技术自动学习不同图象特征的最优分割参数。该方法通过训练可以适应于各种类型的数字X光乳腺图象,从而不必对不同类型乳腺图象进行繁琐易错的手工参数调整。定量实验结果表明,该方法对几类数字X光乳腺图象有很好的分割精度。与以前提出的方法相比,该方法对不同类型乳腺图象具有更好的适应性。     

基于显微成像的光纤连接器端面检测系统设计

介绍了一个基于显微成像和数字图像处理技术的非接触式光纤连接器端面自动检测系统:待测的光纤连接器固定于显微平台上,CCD接收显微物镜放大的图像并输入计算机中,然后由系统软件自动对图像进行对比度增强,二值化,平滑去噪,图像分割等处理,从而分析计算出纤芯、包层的各项几何参数。该系统可用于对光纤连接器的生产控制。     

微操作系统中微型物体上点的空间坐标的计算方法研究

为操作者提供微型物体的完整的、放大的三维信息,就可以使操作者像在他日常生活中那样精密地控制所使用的工具和被操作对象,解决了在显微镜下操作者的视野和观察方向受到限制以及缺少第三维信息的问题,而为了实时、无遮挡地生成物体的三维虚拟放大影像,需要获得被操作对象不同角度的图像信息并采用简洁、快速的算法以满足实时性要求.介绍在一个人类级微型物体虚拟遥操作系统中根据不同角度拍摄的图像计算物体上点的空间坐标时所采用的一些算法.     

Automatic seamless mosaicing of microscopic images: enhancing appearance with colour degradation compensation and wavelet-based blending

In order to observe the fine details of biomedical specimens, various kinds of high-magnification microscopes are used. However, they suffer from a limited field of view when visualizing highly magnified specimens. Image mosaicing techniques are necessary to integrate two or more partially overlapping images into one and make the whole specimen visible. In this study, we propose a new system that automatically creates panoramic images by mosaicing all the microscopic images acquired from a specimen. Not only does it effectively compensate for the congenital narrowness in microscopic views, but it also results in the mosaiced image containing as little distortion with respect to the originals as possible. The system consists of four main steps: (1) feature point extraction using multiscale wavelet analysis, (2) image matching based on feature points or by projection profile alignment, (3) colour difference adjustment and optical degradation compensation with a Gaussian-like model and (4) wavelet-based image blending. In addition to providing a precise alignment, the proposed system also takes into account the colour deviations and degradation in image mosaicing. The visible seam lines are eliminated after image blending. The experimental results show that the system performs well on differently stained image sequences and is effective on acquired images with large colour variations and degradation. It is expected to be a practical tool for microscopic image mosaicing.     

基于单片机的超声波液位测量系统

介绍了超声波液位测量系统的工作原理和系统框图，给出了详细的超声波发射电路和环境温度采样电路。通过对接收信号采取一系列有效的处理方法：首先对接收信号采取STC(灵敏度时间控制)方式进行信号放大，接着对信号进行线性包络检波，最后采用微分电路和零点交叉检测，生成输出信号，基本上消隐了测量盲区和时间检测误差，并进行了温度补偿计算。采用模块化方式设计系统软件，成功地研制了基于单片机的超声波液位智能测量系统。实测表明，系统具有较高的测量精度和较强的适应性。     

An optical flatness measurement system for medium-sized surface plates

This paper describes the work to develop a parallel beam scanning system (PBSS) for the noncontact measurement of surface flatness of such medium-sized surface plates, as sheet metals, sheet-moulding compound (SMC) plates, and glass plates, which are difficult to measure by traditional methods. The PBSS consists of a He---Ne laser source with good pointing stability, a scanner to create divergent scanning beams, a large aplanatic meniscus lens to convert the divergent beams to parallel beams, a linear stage to drive the testpiece to each sampling position, a screen for the projection of reflected beams from the tested surface, and an image-processing unit to analyze the projected image. Because of the out-of-flatness of the surface, the straight line formed by the incident parallel beams will be distorted and magnified on the screen as it is reflected from the surface. A charge-coupled-device (CCD) camera is employed to capture the image of the distorted line each time, and proceeds in line-by-line sequence. With the proposed mathematical model, the three dimensional (3-D) flatness data of the testpiece can be converted from the input image data and analyzed by the least-squares method. Experimental results by the use of this system have shown good agreement with the results obtained from a coordinate measuring machine (CMM). Because of the limit of the meniscus lens, the workpiece size is within 200 mm in width.     

视觉传感铜包铝线缆TIG焊缝自动跟踪系统

针对铜包铝线缆TIG焊常出现焊偏的问题,研制一种采用视频摄像传感器的焊缝自动跟踪系统。以弧光为主动光源,在电弧前方20 mm处对铜皮对口缝进行摄像。采用模拟电路对视频信号进行放大、整形和以动态平均值为基准的二值化等处理,极大降低了信号处理的时间,并准确获得铜皮对口缝的脉冲信号。确定铜皮对口缝偏差方向判断及偏差大小计算的方法。试验结果表明,该焊接过程采用视频摄像传感器识别铜皮对口缝方法是可行的,能实现铜包铝线缆TIG焊的焊缝自动跟踪控制,系统响应周期小于60 ms,跟踪精度小于0.1 mm。     

On the magnification of two-dimensional contouring errors by using contour-parallel offsets

The cross grid encoder is a diffraction grating type encoder to measure two-dimensional position of a optical head by using a grid plate, and is widely used in the industry to evaluate the two-dimensional contouring performance of a machine tool. In the graphical display of measured contouring error profiles, the error is often magnified to some given scale with respect to the reference trajectory. The conventional algorithm to compute the magnified contouring error profile, adopted in a commercial software to analyze an error profile measured by the cross grid encoder, makes the magnified trajectory discontinuous when the given reference trajectory is unsmooth, which makes it difficult to understand the magnified trajectory especially at corners. This paper proposes a new algorithm to compute the magnified trajectory of two-dimensional contouring error profiles such that the magnified trajectory becomes continuous even when the reference trajectory is unsmooth. Application examples are presented with error profiles obtained by using a cross grid encoder applied to a commercial machining center.     

视觉传感螺旋钢管埋弧焊内焊焊缝自动跟踪系统

针对螺旋钢管埋弧焊内焊,研制一种基于视觉传感的焊缝自动跟踪系统。以视频摄像机为传感器,在焊接点前方300 mm处检测递送边钝边棱边。对视频信号进行放大、整形和二值化处理,获得对应于钝边棱边的脉冲信号,以帧中心为基准,利用单片机进行偏离方向判断及偏差值计算,并将偏差信号以脉冲方式送入交流伺服电动机驱动器,由交流伺服电动机控制焊枪滑移台移动,确保焊丝实时对准焊缝。试验结果表明：采用视频摄像机识别钝边棱边实现焊缝自动跟踪的方法是可行的。系统响应周期小于50 ms,跟踪精度达±0.3 mm。     

融合距离信息的红外自适应相关跟踪

研究了在雷达/红外复合制导中如何将雷达的距离信息应用于红外图像序列的目标跟踪。针对目标渐进的图像序列,通过分析图像放大对相关性的影响,制定了一种根据弹目距离确定模板更新周期的模板更新策略。将距离更新、定时更新和基于目标模板缓冲区的模板更新相结合,提出了一种融合距离信息的自适应模板更新算法。以一座大楼为目标,验证了该方法的有效性。结果表明,该方法对目标渐进的图像序列有较强的自适应性,比传统方法大大提高了跟踪精度和跟踪稳定性,对实验中各类图像的跟踪正确率达90%以上。     

Evaluation of form error at semi-spherical tools by use of image processing

In this study, a method is proposed for dimensional measurements of semi-spherical parts for the standard tool electrodes used in Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM). The tool electrode to be measured is magnified by a profile projector. Pictures of some equatorial plane projections of the electrodes are captured by a digital camera before and after machining. The pictures were calibrated with the geometric camera calibration. Then, the profiles are extracted from their background using the adaptive threshold, which is an image processing method. 2D coordinates are first obtained and then converted to 3D coordinates. Using the obtained data, sphericity and radius are calculated by means of the minimum zone method. It is seen that the proposed method can be used for determining the EDM tool electrodes’ form error.