数据广播环境下基于数据共享的位置相关skyline查询

数据广播环境下位置相关skyline查询是同时涉及空间位置属性和非空间多维属性的一类新的skyline查询类型,可广泛地应用于地理信息系统、城市规划、智能交通等领域。与传统环境下的位置相关skyline查询相比,数据广播环境下位置skyline查询面临一些新的问题,如广播信道的线性特性、移动设备资源受限性等。针对这些问题,本文提出了基于数据共享的位置相关查询算法,该方法通过共享邻近移动设备缓存的查询结果来改进查询算法的性能。广泛的实验结果显示,在移动设备密度较大的对等网络中,本文提出的算法具有较明显的优势,能显著地提升查询性能。     

Mobile broadcast services with MIMO antennae in 4G wireless networks

The deployment of wireless data broadcast to empower mobile information services as a resource-conserving means offers significant benefits due to the scalability feature offered by the technology. In this paper, we present a novel and holistic data broadcast management approach in 4 G wireless networks with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennae. The proposed scheme consists of three elements, namely: (i) broadcast ordering; (ii) Global indexing; and (iii) merging data structure. With the integration of these elements, we expect to obtain substantial efficiency for mobile computing clients when retrieving data on-air. We have experimentally evaluated the performance of the proposed model including comparison with the relevant schemes. The results from the experiments affirm the effectiveness of our proposed approach in respect to minimizing query access time and conserving energy utilization of the clients.     

A wireless data clustering method for multipoint queries

By effective data clustering, the mobile clients can access the data objects of their interest in short latency. In this paper, we propose a clustering method of wireless data for multipoint queries, where wireless data objects are uniformly broadcasted.We first analyze the data clustering problem and propose a new measure, named the Query Distance, i.e., convenient to manipulate for the analyses of the average query performance. Then, we propose a clustering method that efficiently minimizes the Query Distance, based on the Gray coding scheme. We show that the Gray coding scheme has useful properties that can be utilized for clustering the data on the air. We also show the performance advantage of our method through experiments. Since, as far as we are aware of, there is no previous work that deals with multipoint queries in wireless data broadcasting, the experiments are in comparison with the random clustering method.     

A Framework for Cache Management for Mobile Databases: Design and Evaluation

In a mobile computing environment, database servers disseminate information to multiple mobile clients via wireless channels. Due to the low bandwidth and low reliability of wireless channels, it is important for a mobile client to cache its frequently accessed database items into its local storage. This improves performance of database queries and improves availability of database items for query processing during disconnection. In this paper, we investigate issues on caching granularity, coherence strategy, and replacement policy of caching mechanisms for a mobile environment utilizing point-to-point communication paradigm.We first illustrate that page-based caching is not suitable in the mobile context due to the lack of locality among database items. We propose three different levels of caching granularity: attribute caching, object caching, and hybrid caching, a hybrid approach of attribute and object caching. Next, we show that existing coherence strategies are inappropriate due to frequent disconnection in a mobile environment, and propose a cache coherence strategy, based on the update patterns of database items. Via a detail simulation model, we examine the performance of various levels of caching granularity with our cache coherence strategy. We observe, in general, that hybrid caching could achieve a better performance. Finally, we propose several cache replacement policies that can adapt to the access patterns of database items. For each given caching granularity, we discover that our replacement policies outperform conventional ones in most situations.     

An efficient stream structure for broadcasting the encrypted XML data in mobile wireless broadcast channels

In mobile wireless broadcast networks, XML data is encrypted before it is sent over the broadcast channel in order to ensure the confidentiality of XML data. In these networks, mobile clients must not have access to all the XML data; rather they should have access to some parts of the XML data that are relevant to them and to which they are authorized to have access. In this paper, a new encrypted XML data stream structure is proposed which supports the confidentiality of XML data over the broadcast channel. In our proposed stream structure, the size of encrypted XML data stream is reduced by grouping the paths, XML nodes, texts, and attributes together. The proposed structure includes several indexes to skip from irrelevant data over the broadcast channel. The experimental results demonstrate that the use of our proposed stream structure efficiently disseminates XML data in mobile wireless broadcast networks in a secure manner and the indexes in our proposed stream structure improve the performance of XML query processing over the encrypted XML data stream.

     

An indexing method for wireless broadcast XML data

The paper considers a wireless information system, wherein various pieces of information represented in XML are broadcast via wireless channels, and mobile clients access the broadcast stream using energy-restricted portable devices.In this paper, we propose a wireless XML streaming method designed to provide energy-efficient access to a wireless stream. We construct two hierarchical structures to represent the XML data and their index information, called the XML data tree and XML index tree, respectively. The wireless XML stream is generated by traversing these two structures with some replications. We design three data/index replication strategies (PP, TT, and TP) in the streaming method. We compare the proposed streaming method with a naı¨ve method called the (1, X) method both analytically and experimentally. Also, based on our analysis results, we determine the optimal method of replication.     

A Hybrid Index Technique for Power Efficient Data Broadcast

The intention of power conservative indexing techniques for wireless data broadcast is to reduce mobile client tune-in time while maintaining an acceptable data access time. In this paper, we investigate indexing techniques based on index trees and signatures for data disseminated on a broadcast channel. Moreover, a hybrid indexing method combining strengths of the signature and the index tree techniques is proposed. Different from previous studies, our research takes into consideration of two important data organization factors, namely, clustering and scheduling. Cost models for the three indexing methods are derived for various data organization accommodating these two factors. Based on our analytical comparisons, the signature and the hybrid indexing techniques are the best choices for power conservative indexing of various data organization on wireless broadcast channels.     

Dynamic priority scheduling of periodic queries in on-demand data dissemination systems

As an important wireless data broadcast technique, on-demand broadcast has been widely used for dynamic and large-scale data dissemination. An important class of emerging data broadcast applications requires monitoring multiple data items continuously in order to support data-driven decision making. Since wireless bandwidth is a precious shared medium, an important problem to solve is how to disseminate data to periodic queries, so that all the requests can be satisfied while the bandwidth consumption is minimized. In this paper, we first propose a new real-time scheduling algorithm called EDFS, which is a variant of the classic EDF [24] algorithm. Based on EDFS, we propose a novel on-line broadcast scheduling algorithm, called EDFS-BS. To our best knowledge, EDFS-BS is the first dynamic priority based broadcast scheduling algorithm that can be utilized to satisfy the timing constraints of periodic queries. We also propose a bandwidth utilization based schedulability test for EDFS-BS, which is used to ensure timing predictability of a periodic query set. Extensive experiments have been conducted to compare EDFS-BS versus existing solutions with comparable quality. The results show that EDFS-BS outperforms them considerably in terms of wireless bandwidth consumption and query service ratio.     

A concurrency control scheme for mobile transactions in broadcast disk environments

Broadcast disk technique has been often used to disseminate frequently requested data efficiently to a large volume of mobile clients over wireless channels. In broadcast disk environments, a server often broadcasts different data items with differing frequencies to reflect the skewed data access patterns of mobile clients. Previously proposed concurrency control methods for mobile transactions in wireless broadcast environments are focused on the mobile transactions with uniform data access patterns. These protocols perform poorly in broadcast disk environments where the data access patterns of mobile transactions are skewed. In broadcast disk environments, the time length of a broadcast cycle usually becomes large to reflect the skewed data access patterns. This will often cause read-only transactions to access old data items rather than the latest data items. Furthermore, updating mobile transactions will be frequently aborted and restarted in the final validation stage due to the update conflict of the same data items with high access frequencies. This problem will increase the average response time of the update mobile transactions and waste the uplink communication bandwidth. In this paper, we extend the existing FBOCC concurrency control method to efficiently handle mobile transactions with skewed data access patterns in broadcast disk environments. Our method allows read-only transactions to access the more updated data, and reduces the average response time of updating transactions through early aborts and restarts. Our method also reduces the amount of uplink communication bandwidth for the final validation of the update transactions. We present an in-depth experimental analysis of our method by comparing with existing concurrency control protocols. Our performance analysis shows that it significantly decreases the average response time and the amount of uplink bandwidths over existing methods.     

Disseminating dependent data in wireless broadcast environments

In wireless mobile environments, data broadcasting is an effective approach to disseminate information to mobile clients. In some applications, the access pattern of all the data can be represented by a weighted DAG. In this paper, we explore how to efficiently generate the broadcast schedule in a wireless environment for the data set having a weighted DAG access pattern. Such a broadcast schedule not only minimizes the access latency but also is a topological ordering of the DAG. Minimized access latency ensures the quality of service (QoS). We prove that it is NP-hard to find an optimal broadcast schedule and provide some heuristics. After giving an analysis for these heuristics on the latency and complexity, we implement all the proposed heuristics to compare their performance. Recommended by: Sunil Prabhakar     

An efficient nonuniform index in the wireless broadcast environments

Data broadcast is an efficient dissemination method to deliver information to mobile clients through the wireless channel. It allows a huge number of the mobile clients simultaneously access data in the wireless environments. In real-life applications, more popular data may be frequently accessed by clients than less popular ones. Under such scenarios, Acharya et al.’s Broadcast Disks algorithm (BD) allocates more popular data appeared more times in a broadcast period than less popular ones, i.e., the nonuniform broadcast, and provides a good performance on reducing client waiting time. However, mobile devices should constantly tune in to the wireless broadcast channel to examine data, consuming a lot of energy. Using index technologies on the broadcast file can reduce a lot of energy consumption of the mobile devices without significantly increasing client waiting time. In this paper, we propose an efficient nonuniform index called the skewed index, SI, over BD. The proposed algorithm builds an index tree according to skewed access patterns of clients, and allocates index nodes for the popular data more times than those for the less popular ones in a broadcast cycle. From our experimental study, we have shown that our proposed algorithm outperforms the flexible index and the flexible distributed index.     

Grid-partition index: a hybrid method for nearest-neighbor queries in wireless location-based services

Traditional nearest-neighbor (NN) search is based on two basic indexing approaches: object-based indexing and solution-based indexing. The former is constructed based on the locations of data objects: using some distance heuristics on object locations. The latter is built on a precomputed solution space. Thus, NN queries can be reduced to and processed as simple point queries in this solution space. Both approaches exhibit some disadvantages, especially when employed for wireless data broadcast in mobile computing environments. In this paper, we introduce a new index method, called the grid-partition index, to support NN search in both on-demand access and periodic broadcast modes of mobile computing. The grid-partition index is constructed based on the Voronoi diagram, i.e., the solution space of NN queries. However, it has two distinctive characteristics. First, it divides the solution space into grid cells such that a query point can be efficiently mapped into a grid cell around which the nearest object is located. This significantly reduces the search space. Second, the grid-partition index stores the objects that are potential NNs of any query falling within the cell. The storage of objects, instead of the Voronoi cells, makes the grid-partition index a hybrid of the solution-based and object-based approaches. As a result, it achieves a much more compact representation than the pure solution-based approach and avoids backtracked traversals required in the typical object-based approach, thus realizing the advantages of both approaches. We develop an incremental construction algorithm to address the issue of object update. In addition, we present a cost model to approximate the search cost of different grid partitioning schemes. The performances of the grid-partition index and existing indexes are evaluated using both synthetic and real data. The results show that, overall, the grid-partition index significantly outperforms object-based indexes and solution-based indexes. Furthermore, we extend the grid-partition index to support continuous-nearest-neighbor search. Both algorithms and experimental results are presented. Edited by R. Guting     

PS+Pre/Post: A novel structure and access mechanism for wireless XML stream supporting twig pattern queries

XML data broadcast is an efficient way to disseminate XML data to a large number of mobile clients in mobile wireless networks. Recently, several indexing methods have been proposed to improve the performance of XML query processing in terms of access time and tuning time over XML streams. However, existing indexing methods cannot process twig pattern XML queries. In this paper, we propose a novel structure for streaming XML data called PS+Pre/Post by integrating the path summary technique and the pre/post labeling scheme. Our proposed XML stream structure exploits the benefits of the path summary technique and the pre/post labeling scheme to efficiently process different types of XML queries over the broadcast stream. Experimental results show that our proposed XML stream structure improves the performance of access time and tuning time in processing different types of XML queries.     

A distributed spatial index for error-prone wireless data broadcast

Information is valuable to users when it is available not only at the right time but also at the right place. To support efficient location-based data access in wireless data broadcast systems, a distributed spatial index (called DSI) is presented in this paper. DSI is highly efficient because it has a linear yet fully distributed structure that naturally shares links in different search paths. DSI is very resilient to the error-prone wireless communication environment because interrupted search operations based on DSI can be resumed easily. It supports search algorithms for classical location-based queries such as window queries and kNN queries in both of the snapshot and continuous query modes. In-depth analysis and simulation-based evaluation have been conducted. The results show that DSI significantly out-performs a variant of R-trees tailored for wireless data broadcast environments.     

Effective protocols for kNN search on broadcast multi-dimensional index trees

In a wireless mobile environment, data broadcasting provides an efficient way to disseminate data. Via data broadcasting, a server can provide location-based services to a large client population in a wireless environment. Among different location-based services, the k nearest neighbors (kNN) search is important and is used to find the k closest objects to a given point. However, the kNN search in a broadcast environment is particularly challenging due to the sequential access to the data on a broadcast channel. We propose efficient protocols for the kNN search on a broadcast R-tree, which is a popular multi-dimensional index tree, in a wireless broadcast environment in terms of latency and tuning time as well as memory usage. We investigate how a server schedules the broadcast and provide the corresponding kNN search algorithms at the mobile clients. One of our kNN search protocols further allows a kNN search to start at an arbitrary time instance and it can skip the waiting time for the beginning of a broadcast cycle, thereby reducing the latency. The experimental results validate that our mechanisms achieve the objectives.     

Adaptive per-user per-object cache consistency management for mobile data access in wireless mesh networks

We propose and analyze an adaptive per-user per-object cache consistency management (APPCCM) scheme for mobile data access in wireless mesh networks. APPCCM supports strong data consistency semantics through integrated cache consistency and mobility management. The objective of APPCCM is to minimize the overall network cost incurred due to data query/update processing, cache consistency management, and mobility management. In APPCCM, data objects can be adaptively cached at the mesh clients directly or at mesh routers dynamically selected by APPCCM. APPCCM is adaptive, per-user and per-object as the decision regarding where to cache a data object accessed by a mesh client is made dynamically, depending on the mesh client’s mobility and data query/update characteristics, and the network’s conditions. We develop analytical models for evaluating the performance of APPCCM and devise a computational procedure for dynamically calculating the overall network cost incurred. We demonstrate via both model-based analysis and simulation validation that APPCCM outperforms non-adaptive cache consistency management schemes that always cache data objects at the mesh client, or at the mesh client’s current serving mesh router for mobile data access in wireless mesh networks.     

Object Organization on a Single Broadcast Channel in the Mobile Computing Environment

Advances in computation and communication technologies allow users to access computer networks, using portable computing devices via a wireless connection, while mobile. Furthermore, multidatabases offer practical means of managing information sharing from multiple preexisting heterogeneous databases. By superimposing the mobile computing environment onto the multidatabase system, a new computing environment is attained.In this work, we concentrate on the effects of the mobile-computing environment on query processing in multidatabases. We show how broadcasting, as a possible solution, would respond to current challenges such as bandwidth and storage limitations. Organizing data objects along a single-dimension broadcast channel should follow the semantic links assumed within the multiple-dimension objects' structure. Learning from our past experiences in objects organization on conventional storage mediums (disks), we propose schemes for organizing objects along a single broadcast air channel. The proposed schemes are simulated and analyzed.     

An indexing scheme for energy-efficient processing of content-based retrieval queries on a wireless data stream

Wireless data broadcasting is a popular data delivery approach in mobile computing environments, where the broadcasting servers usually adopt indexing schemes for mobile clients to energy-efficiently access data on a wireless broadcast stream. However, conventional indexing schemes use primary key attribute values to construct tree structures. Therefore, these schemes do not support content-based retrieval queries such as partial-match queries and range-queries. This paper proposes an indexing method that supports content-based retrieval queries on a wireless data stream. The method uses a tree-structured index, called B2V-Tree, which is composed of bit-vectors that are generated from data records through multi-attribute hashing. Through analysis and experiments, the effectiveness of the proposed method is shown.     

无线数据广播环境下路网最近邻居节点的查询

针对大规模用户数量,首次提出结合无线数据广播技术,在路网环境中进行最近邻居节点查询.该方法使用基于Voronoi图的算法转化路网信息,将处理后的路网信息作为广播数据,不仅提高了用户的查询效率,还减少广播数据中的冗余信息.在数据调度上,采用Hilbert曲线对数据排序,从而保持广播数据的空间临近性.实验表明,上述方法在为用户提供高效查询的情况下有效减少了访问时间.     

Query processing optimization in broadcasting XML data in mobile communications

Todays, XML as a de facto standard is used to broadcast data over mobile wireless networks. In these networks, mobile clients send their XML queries over a wireless broadcast channel and recieve their desired XML data from the channel. However, downloading the whole XML data by a mobile device is a challenge since the mobile devices used by clients are small battery powered devices with limited resources. To meet this challenge, the XML data should be indexed in such a way that the desired XML data can be found easily and only such data can be downloaded instead of the whole XML data by the mobile clients. Several indexing methods are proposed to selectively access the XML data over an XML stream. However, the existing indexing methods cause an increase in the size of XML stream by including some extra information over the XML stream. In this paper, a new XML stream structure is proposed to disseminate the XML data over a broadcast channel by grouping and summarizing the structural information of XML nodes. By summarizing such information, the size of XML stream can be reduced and therefore, the latency of retrieving the desired XML data over a wirless broadcast channel can be reduced. The proposed XML stream structure also contains indexes in order to skip from the irrelevant parts over the XML stream. It therefore can reduce the energy consumption of mobile devices in downloading the results of XML queries. In addition, our proposed XML stream structure can process different types of XML queries and experimental results showed that it improves the performace of XML query processing over the XML data stream compared to the existing research works in terms of access and tuning times.