产业用纺织品隔声降噪研究进展

产业用纺织品的隔声降噪功能可通过改变织物结构、纤维特性及涂层后整理等方式实现。概述了材料降噪原理及种类,总结了影响产业用纺织品隔声降噪性能的因素,介绍了产业用纺织品不同降噪方法的研究现状,重点介绍了通过涂层方式以纳米材料作为填充物构建复合降噪结构体,制备隔声降噪产业用纺织品的研究进展。     

非织造降噪复合材料的研究

选择丙纶纤维、铜、铁粉末为主要材料 ,结合吸声、隔声降噪原理经纺丝成网工艺、挤出成型工艺及化学粘接复合工艺研制出非织造柔性降噪复合材料。它具有隔声效果好、阻燃、质轻、强度高、加工性好、易裁剪等优良特性     

机织物隔声性能的测试与分析

用自开发的一种针对纺织品的隔声性能测试系统，对机织物的隔声性能进行了测试。结果表明机织物具有的隔声性能以高密度多层结构织物的隔声效果最好。     

汽车填充用非织造材料吸声隔声性能的测试与分析

根据吸声隔声原理采用熔喷非织造材料作为汽车填充用降噪材料,并利用精密的吸声隔声测试系统对材料进行测试分析,结果表明面密度高、厚度大的材料具有较好的吸声隔声性能。     

柔性降噪复合材料的研制及其性能分析

选择聚丙烯为纤维原料采用纺丝成网法制成吸声非织造布,以铜、铁粉末为主要隔声材料采用挤出成型工艺制成隔声片材,经化学粘合复合工艺研制出非织造降噪复合材料。对该降噪复合材料的降噪性能进行了测试分析,结果表明这是一种轻质、吸声隔声效果较好的新材料。     

织物隔声性能的试验研究

初步探讨了织物的隔声效果，对比分析了织物的隔声能力并试图通过对织物试样的隔声测试找出影响织物隔声性能的一些因素。试验研究表明，织物的隔声性能与其厚度、平方米重、盖覆紧度等结构参数有关。而且相同织物对不同频率声波的隔声效果是不一样的，不同织物对不同频率声波具有选择性吸收或反射的特性。     

纺织品隔声性能的测试研究

提出了纺织品隔声性能的测试方法和评价指标,探讨了织物结构参数对隔声性能的影响;织物平方米重对声波衰减率的影响大于覆盖系数和厚度,织物对声波的衰减作用具有频率选择性。     

高速列车地板用蜂窝夹芯结构复合材料隔声性能

为满足轨道交通轻量化需求,实现芳纶蜂窝夹心复合结构在高速列车中的隔声应用,本文通过热压成型法和四传感器阻抗管法分析蜂窝芯规格(密度和边长)、面板材料(碳纤维,玻璃纤维,聚苯硫醚(PPS))和玻璃微珠改性对蜂窝夹芯板隔声性能的影响。结果表明,蜂窝芯密度增大,隔声性能提升,而蜂窝芯边长对隔声性能几乎无影响;在100~2 500 Hz区域,以PPS为内层,碳纤维为外层,玻璃微珠质量分数为5%时蜂窝夹芯板隔声性能最优,平均提高5~8 dB。与目前时速350 km/h动车内采用的标准铝蜂窝夹芯板相比,芳纶蜂窝板不仅具有相近的隔声性能且能实现30%左右减重。因此,芳纶蜂窝夹芯板具有替代标准铝蜂窝成为高速列车新一代隔音地板的应用前景。     

机织物隔声性能的试验研究

用自制的一套针对机织物的隔声测试装置,对8块机织物试样进行了隔声测试。结果表明,机织物的隔声性能与其厚度、平方米重、盖覆紧度等结构参数有关。而且相同织物对不同频率声波的隔声效果是不一样的,不同织物对不同频率声波具有选择性吸收或反射的特性。     

废弃涤纶织物/氯化聚乙烯复合材料的隔声性能

为解决废旧纺织纤维资源化利用问题和日常生活中的噪声污染,采用废弃涤纶织物与氯化聚乙烯逐层贴合,热压制得具有良好隔声效果的隔声复合材料。通过对废弃涤纶织物、纯氯化聚乙烯（CPE）板、废弃涤纶织物/CPE层合隔声材料的隔声量曲线分析发现,废弃涤纶织物/CPE层合复合材料的隔声性能最好;改变废弃涤纶织物层数、面密度和加压压力,制得不同参数的废弃涤纶织物/CPE层合复合材料。通过对隔声量曲线分析可知,随废弃涤纶织物层数、材料面密度和加压压力的增加,其隔声量提高;对隔声复合材料的隔声量进行理论计算,并与实际测量值进行对比分析,结果表明理论计算值与实际测量值有较好的吻合性。     

Investigations on Sound Absorption Properties of Luffa Fibrous Mats

In this study, the natural fibrous mats were developed using luffa fibrous materials and their sound absorption properties were investigated. Kapok/cotton web was used as middle layer in between two mats in order to improve the sound absorption efficiency. Four fibrous mats with different composition of layers were developed using thermal bonding. The developed mats were tested for Noise Reduction Coefficient (NRC) as per ASTM E 1050. The parameters influencing sound absorption properties of the developed mats such as addition of kapok/cotton web on the mats, thickness of mats and air gap maintained in the impedance tube during testing have been investigated. The sound absorption properties of developed mats improved due to the addition of kapok/cotton web and increased air gap. The increase in thickness of mats resulted in increase in sound absorption properties. Luffa mats having 4 layers had NRC value of 0.39 at the frequency range of 250 Hz to 2000 Hz which is comparable with commercially available glass fiber board.     

车用废纺双密度毡吸声隔声性能研究

利用涤棉混纺纤维制得由一层紧密毡料和一层蓬松毡料构成的双密度毡,并测试了双密度毡的吸声和隔声性能.测试结果表明:双密度毡对高频噪声的吸收效果较好,而对低频噪声的吸收效果较盖;在一定范围内增加双密度毡的厚度,可以相应提高其吸声性能;材料的隔声性能与自身构件的振动频率有关,本试验样品的最高和最低隔声量分别出现在声波频率为3...     

Sound insulation of walls using wood insulation mat and plywood jointed with a combination of adhesive tape and wood dowels

In this study sound insulation of walls was evaluated using wood insulation mat and plywood jointed with a combination of adhesive tape and wood dowels. Building of actual wall assembly test specimens and evaluating their sound insulation revealed that the sound transmission loss for jointing using a combination of adhesive tape and wood dowels was considerably higher than that using nails, for middle and high frequency ranges of 2 kHz and above. When comparing heat-insulating materials (sound-absorbing materials), the test specimen using high-density glass wool had greater sound insulation than the specimen using low-density materials, and the specimen using wooden heat-insulating/sound-absorbing materials showed roughly the same properties as glass wool of 20 % higher density. When the sound insulation for impact sounds of the experimental specimen (joined with adhesive tape and using wooden heat-insulating/sound-absorbing materials) was compared to a specimen with a typical composition (joined with nails and using glass wool), the former proved to have better sound insulation, by approximately 10 dB for light impact sounds between 400 and 800 Hz and approximately 5 dB for higher frequencies. For heavy impact sounds, the experimental specimen displayed a greater sound insulation for all frequencies, by 5–10 dB at frequencies of around 100 Hz and of 400 Hz and above.     

双层复合非织造材料基吸声体吸声性能研究

以熔喷丙纶非织造材料和玻璃纤维水刺非织造材料为受声面和背衬层,通过热粘合方式制成双层复合非织造材料基吸声体。通过分析吸声体受声面和背衬层非织造材料的厚度、面密度、孔径、孔隙率等结构参数与复合吸声体的吸声系数之间的关系,探讨各层非织造材料结构参数对复合吸声体吸声性能的影响。实验结果表明,随着熔喷丙纶非织造材料和玻璃纤维水刺非织造材料厚度和面密度的增加,吸声体中高频段吸声系数显著提高;受声面和背衬层的孔径尺寸和孔隙率的变化对双层复合非织造材料基吸声体的吸声性能影响较为显著。     

Sound and thermal insulation properties of flax/low melt PET needle punched nonwovens

Noise pollution is an ever increasing problem in the world because of the industrial revolution. Recently, researchers have begun investigating natural fiber composites as potential materials for the manufacture of sound absorption structures. In this work, flax/low melting point polyester needle punched nonwoven fabrics were manufactured and characterized for sound and thermal insulation applications. Nonwovens were developed by blending flax fibers with low melt PET at three blend ratios (10%, 20%, and 30%) with 7 mm and 10 mm needle penetration depth. The test results showed that there was a decrease in thermal resistance value with increase in low melt PET % and needle penetration depth. The developed nonwovens had better sound insulation value at medium and high frequency. There was no significant change in sound insulation value with increase in low melt PET %.     

竹原纤维/聚氨酯复合材料的隔音性能

为充分发挥天然竹原纤维的可再生性和生物分解性,减少隔音复合材料对环境的负荷,并进一步改善竹原纤维/聚氨酯复合材料的隔音性能,以天然环保和可再生的竹原纤维为增强材料,以聚氨酯为基体,制备了一系列不同方式复合的隔音复合材料。研究了竹原纤维的排列方式与质量分数、及氢氧化钠溶液表面处理对复合材料隔音性能的影响。结果表明：竹原纤维采用直铺法制成的复合材料隔音性能最好;竹原纤维经氢氧化钠溶液处理后制成的复合材料其隔音性能显著提高;随着竹原纤维质量分数增加,复合材料的隔音性能增大。     

蜂窝织物增强聚氯乙烯复合材料的隔音性能

为研究蜂窝织物聚氯乙烯(PVC)复合材料的隔音性能,选用58.3 tex×2的棉纱为经纬纱,在自动织样机上织造面密度基本相同而组织循环数不同的蜂窝织物,以埃洛石纳米管(HNTs)填充的PVC为基体,制备蜂窝织物/PVC复合材料,再以蜂窝织物/PVC复合材料为芯材,制备三明治结构复合材料.采用双声道声学分析仪,对制备样品...     

Sound absorption properties of composite structure with activated carbon fiber felts

This paper is intended to study the influence of different factors on the sound absorption properties of composite structure with activated carbon fiber felts. Activated carbon fiber felts made from viscose fiber mats were prepared and later combined with perforated panels to form four different composite sound absorption structures. Based on the transfer function method, the impedance tube was used to test the sound absorption coefficients of composite structure in an acoustic range of 80–6300?Hz frequencies. Analysis was made to discuss the influence of such factors on the sound absorption properties as the position of activated carbon fiber felts, thickness, and air space. The results demonstrated that the composite structure displayed different sound absorption properties at different frequencies. Perforated panels played the dominant role in sound absorption by the occurrence of resonance at 80–3500?Hz frequencies, while porous materials contributed the most at 3500–6300?Hz frequencies. At 80–3500?Hz frequencies, the best performance could be observed in the third type of composite structure with changes in the position of activated carbon fiber; the first resonance frequency of the first type of composite structure and perforated panel structure was basically the same, and that of the remaining three types significantly shifted towards the low frequencies with the same scale. In smaller thickness range, with the increase in the thickness of activated carbon fiber felts, sound absorption coefficients of the first and second types of composite structure increased, the first resonance frequency of the first type showing no apparent shift towards the low frequencies compared with what was shown in the second type; but when the thickness arrived at 15.6?mm, sound absorption properties of the composite structure had similar traits to that performed by porous materials in an acoustic range of 80–6300?Hz frequencies. With the increase in the distance of air space, sound absorption properties were improving at 80–650?Hz frequencies but decreasing at 650–3500?Hz frequencies, the first resonance frequency moving towards the low frequencies. At 3500–6300?Hz frequencies, as the position of activated carbon fiber felts and the distance of air space varied, sound absorption coefficients were basically unchanged; while as thickness increased, sound absorption coefficients improved.