Hilbert-Huang变换在齿轮故障诊断中的应用

为齿轮故障诊断提供了一种新的途径,将Hilbert-Huang变换引入齿轮故障诊断,提出了局部Hilbert能量谱的概念,同时根据齿轮故障振动信号的特点建立了两种基于Hilbert-Huang变换的齿轮故障诊断方法:基于EMD的频率族分离法和Hilbert能量谱方法。采用EMD(Empiricalmodedecomposition)方法对齿轮振动信号能有效地将各个频率族分离;局部Hilbert能量谱可以反映齿轮振动信号的能量随时间和频率的分布情况,从而可以提取齿轮振动信号的故障信息。将这两种方法应用于齿轮故障诊断中,结果表明,基于EMD的频率族分离法和Hilbert能量谱方法都能有效地提取齿轮故障特征信息。     

应用Hilbert-Huang变换的齿轮磨损故障诊断研究

提出了一种基于H ilbert-Huang变换的齿轮磨损故障诊断的新方法。H ilbert-Huang变换是先把时间序列信号,用经验模态分解方法分解成不同特征时间尺度的固有模态函数,然后经过H ilbert变换获得频谱的信号处理新方法。介绍了该方法的基本原理,并将H ilbert-Huang变换应用于齿轮箱中齿轮磨损故障诊断的研究,通过选取表征齿轮磨损故障的IM F分量进行边际谱和能量谱分析,就可提取齿轮故障振动信号的特征。齿轮故障实验信号的研究结果表明,H ilbert-Huang变换时频分析方法,能有效地诊断齿轮的磨损故障。     

Hilbert-Huang transform and marginal spectrum for detection and diagnosis of localized defects in roller bearings

This work presents the application of a new signal processing technique, the Hilbert-Huang transform and its marginal spectrum, in analysis of vibration signals and fault diagnosis of roller bearings. The empirical mode decomposition (EMD), Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) and marginal spectrum are introduced. First, the vibration signals are separated into several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) by using EMD. Then the marginal spectrum of each IMF can be obtained. According to the marginal spectrum, the localized fault in a roller bearing can be detected and fault patterns can be identified. The experimental results show that the proposed method may provide not only an increase in the spectral resolution but also reliability for the fault detection and diagnosis of roller bearings. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Seong-Wook Hong Hui Li received his B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from the Hebei Polytechnic University, Hebei, China, in 1991. He received his M.S. degree in mechanical engineering from the Harbin University of Science and Technology, Hei-longjiang, China, in 1994. He re-ceived his PhD degree from the School of Mechanical Engineering of Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, in 2003. He is currently a professor in mechanical engineering at Shijiazhuang Institute of Railway Technology, China. His research and teaching interests include hybrid driven mechanism, kinematics and dynamics of machinery, mechatronics, CAD/CAPP, signal processing for machine health monitoring, diagnosis and prognosis.     

FAULT DIAGNOSIS APPROACH FOR ROLLER BEARINGS BASED ON EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION METHOD AND HILBERT TRANSFORM

Based upon empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method and Hilbert spectrum, a method for fault diagnosis of roller bearing is proposed. The orthogonal wavelet bases are used to translate vibration signals of a roller bearing into time-scale representation, then, an envelope signal can be obtained by envelope spectrum analysis of wavelet coefficients of high scales. By applying EMD method and Hilbert transform to the envelope signal, we can get the local Hilbert marginal spectrum from which the faults in a roller bearing can be diagnosed and fault patterns can be identified. Practical vibration signals measured from roller bearings with out-race faults or inner-race faults are analyzed by the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method is superior to the traditional envelope spectrum method in extracting the fault characteristics of roller bearings.     

Gear fault identification based on Hilbert–Huang transform and SOM neural network

Gear vibration signals always display non-stationary behavior. HHT (Hilbert–Huang transform) is a method for adaptive analysis of non-linear and non-stationary signals, but it can only distinguish conspicuous faults. SOM (self-organizing feature map) neural network is a network learning with no instructors which has self-adaptive and self-learning features and can compensate for the disadvantage of HHT. This paper proposed a new gear fault identification method based on HHT and SOM neural network. Firstly, the frequency families of gear vibration signals were separated effectively by EMD (empirical mode decomposition). Then Hilbert spectrum and Hilbert marginal spectrum were obtained by Hilbert transform of IMFs (intrinsic mode functions). The amplitude changes of gear vibration signals along with time and frequency had been displayed respectively. After HHT, the energy percentage of the first six IMFs were chosen as input vectors of SOM neural network for fault classification. The analysis results showed that the fault features of these signals can be accurately extracted and distinguished with the proposed approach.     

Bearing fault detection and diagnosis based on order tracking and Teager-Huang transform

The vibration signal of the run-up or run-down process is more complex than that of the stationary process. A novel approach to fault diagnosis of roller bearing under run-up condition based on order tracking and Teager-Huang transform (THT) is presented. This method is based on order tracking, empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and Teager Kaiser energy operator (TKEO) technique. The nonstationary vibration signals are transformed from the time domain transient signal to angle domain stationary one using order tracking. EMD can adaptively decompose the vibration signal into a series of zero mean amplitude modulation-frequency modulation (AM-FM) intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). TKEO can track the instantaneous amplitude and instantaneous frequency of the AM-FM component at any instant. Experimental examples are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The experimental results provide strong evidence that the performance of the Teager-Huang transform approach is better to that of the Hilbert-Huang transform approach for bearing fault detection and diagnosis. The Teager-Huang transform has better resolution than that of Hilbert-Huang transform. Teager-Huang transform can effectively diagnose the faults of the bearing, thus providing a viable processing tool for gearbox defect monitoring.     

基于VMD-HHT边际谱的水工结构损伤诊断

为了准确识别水工结构的损伤,提出一种变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition,简称VMD)和Hilbert-Huang变换(Hilbert-Huang transform,简称HHT)边际谱相结合的水工结构损伤诊断方法。首先,采用联合的小波阈值和经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD)降噪方法对原始信号进行降噪,减小环境噪声对结构损伤特征信息的干扰;其次,运用方差贡献率数据融合算法对降噪后各测点信号进行动态融合,提取结构完整的振动特性信息;然后,采用VMD方法将动态融合信号分解为一系列固态模量(intrinsic mode function,简称IMF),对各IMF分量进行Hilbert变换,求出融合信号的边际谱;最后,在VMD边际谱的基础上提取一种新的损伤特征向量-损伤灵敏指数,将其与马氏距离相结合对水工结构的损伤类型进行分类,并将该方法应用于悬臂梁模型试验。结果表明:该方法能够有效提取水工结构的损伤特性,准确识别水工结构的损伤和运行状态,为水工结构的安全运行提供了基础。     

应用Hilbert-Huang变换的齿轮箱故障诊断

提出了基于经验模态分解(EMD)的齿轮箱故障诊断HHT方法,介绍了Hilbert-Huang变换理论及其算法.此后以1台现场轧机故障减速机为对象,对采集的故障信号进行EMD分解,得到固有模态函数(IMF)分量,然后对所有固有模态函数进行Hilbert变换处理,所得三维图和边际谱图较为清晰地表达了故障信息,说明了该方法在工程应用中的适用性.     

GEARBOX FAULTDIAGNOSIS BASED ON EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION

Time synchronous averaging of vibration data is a fundament technique for gearbox diagnosis. Currently, this technique relies on hardware tachometer to give phase synchronous information. Empirical mode decomposition (HMD) is introduced to replace time synchronous averaging of gearbox vibration signal. With it, any complicated dataset can be decomposed into a finite and often small number of intrinsic mode functions (IMF). The key problem is how to assure that vibration signals deduced by gear defects could be sifted out by HMD. The characteristic vibration signals of gear defects are proved IMFs, which makes it possible to utilize EMD for the diagnosis of gearbox faults. The method is validated by data from recordings of the vibration of a single-stage spiral bevel gearbox with fatigue pitting. The results show EMD is powerful to extract characteristic information from noisy vibration signals.     

Hilbert-Huang变换在齿轮裂纹故障诊断中的应用

提出一种基于Hilbert-Huang变换的齿轮裂纹故障诊断的新方法。Hilbert-Huang变换是先把时间序列信号,用经验模态分解方法分解成不同特征时间尺度的固有模态函数,然后经过Hilbert变换获得信号时频分布的一种信号处理新方法,将Hilbert-Huang变换应用于齿轮箱中齿轮故障诊断的研究。齿轮故障实验信号的研究结果表明,Hilbert-Huang变换时频分析方法能有效诊断齿轮的齿根裂纹故障。     

基于振动信号诊断齿轮断齿故障新方法

针对齿轮断齿故障的非平稳、非线性特征,利用希尔伯特-黄变换非常适合处理非平稳、非线性信号的特点,首先对信号进行经验模态分解,获得一系列本征模函数,然后对本征模函数作希尔伯特变换,获得希尔伯特谱,通过对某厂齿轮箱断齿信号分析,很好地提取出了断齿故障特征,并能够确定断齿的严重性和数量,对于工程实际中齿轮故障的诊断具体明显的实际意义。     

HHT与Elman神经网络在离心泵故障振动信号处理中的应用

提出了一种Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT)和Elman神经网络相结合的离心泵振动信号故障诊断新方法.首先,将离心泵振动信号时间序列数据经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition,简称EMD),然后经过Hilbert-Huang变换获得各模态(Intrinsic Mode Functions,简称IMF)的能量,并以"能量比"为元素,构造离心泵振动信号的特征向量,根据Elman神经网络模型能够逼近任意非线性函数的特点和具有反映系统动态特性的能力,利用Elman神经网络模型实现离心泵故障的诊断.实验研究结果表明该方法对离心泵振动信号故障具有很高的诊断率.     

A Feature Extraction Method for the Wear of Milling Tools Based on the Hilbert Marginal Spectrum

Abstract

The Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT) can adaptively delineate complex non-linear, non-stationary signals when used as the Hilbert–Huang marginal spectrum through empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and the Hilbert transform, to highlight local features of signals. Characterized by high resolution, the Hilbert marginal spectrum has been widely applied in mechanical signal processing and fault diagnosis. In the research, an HHT based on the improved EMD was proposed to analyze the cutting force, vibration acceleration (AC), and acoustic emission (AE) signals during tool wear in the milling process. At first, the collected signals were subjected to range analysis, which revealed that tool wear was closely related to the signals collected during the cutting process. Then, EMD was applied to the signals, followed by variance analysis after calculating the energies of each intrinsic mode function (IMF) component. Afterwards, the IMF components significantly influenced by wear degree, while slightly influenced by the three cutting factors (cutting velocity, feed per tooth, and cutting depth), were selected as IMF sensitive to the degree of wear. The HHT was finally applied to the sensitive IMF components of signals containing major tool wear information, thus obtaining the Hilbert marginal spectra of the signals, which were able to reflect the changes in signal amplitude with frequency. On the basis of the Hilbert marginal spectrum, the method defined the feature energy function which was then used as the eigenvector for predicting tool wear in milling processes. The analysis of signals in four tool wear states indicated that the method can extract salient tool wear features.     

Gearbox fault diagnosis using empirical mode decomposition and Hilbert spectrum

The empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and Hilbert spectrum are a new method for adaptive analysis of non-linear and non-stationary signals. This paper applies this method to vibration signal analysis for localised gearbox fault diagnosis. We first study the properties of the recently developed B-spline EMD as a filter bank, which is helpful in understanding the mechanisms behind EMD. Then we investigate the effectiveness of the original and the B-spline EMD as well as their corresponding Hilbert spectrum in the fault diagnosis. Vibration signals collected from an automobile gearbox with an incipient tooth crack are used in the investigation. The results show that the EMD algorithms and the Hilbert spectrum perform excellently. They are found to be more effective than the often used continuous wavelet transform in detection of the vibration signatures.     

基于改进全息希尔伯特谱分析的旋转机械故障诊断方法

时频分析方法能够有效同时提取故障设备振动信号的时间和频率信息,但在全面反映非线性振动信号幅值调制与频率调制特征之间的跨尺度耦合关系方面仍存在局限,且容易受到噪声干扰。对此,创新性地将全息希尔伯特谱分析(Holo-Hilbert spectral analysis,HHSA)方法引入到机械故障诊断中。HHSA通过双层经验模态分解(EMD)结构可完整地描述振动信号的内部调制特性,非常适合机械局部故障的检测。同时,为了进一步提升HHSA的诊断精度、抑制EMD模态混叠和噪声干扰,提出一种基于改进再生相移正弦辅助经验模式分解(Improved regenerated phase-shifted sinusoid-assisted EMD,IRPSEMD)的改进HHSA方法(IHHSA)。通过仿真信号验证IHHSA方法用于局部故障检测和诊断的有效性。最后,将IHHSA应用于齿轮裂纹故障和滚动轴承局部故障诊断中,结果表明,提出的IHHSA方法能够更全面地反映和呈现非线性故障振动信号的内部调制关系,且具有更好的故障识别能力。     

基于EMD和非线性峭度的齿轮故障诊断

采用经验模式分解(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD)和非线性峭度的统计特性对振动加速度传感器获取的齿轮箱振动响应信号进行特性分析。利用EMD分解获得振动响应信号的本征模式函数,用非线性Tea-ger能量算子计算每个本征模式函数的瞬时能量,并对本征模式函数进行系数的非线性峭度计算,提取系统的特征信息。仿真结果表明,用经验模式分解和非线性峭度可实现在线监测齿轮运转工作状态,及时发现齿轮的早期故障,提高了故障检测的可靠性。     

Local fault detection in helical gears via vibration and acoustic signals using EMD based statistical parameter analysis

Gear is a vital transmission element, finding numerous applications in small, medium and large machinery. Excessive loads, speeds and improper operating conditions may cause defects on their bearing surfaces, thereby triggering abnormal vibrations in whole machine structures. This paper describes the implementation of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method for monitoring simulated faults using vibration and acoustic signals in a two stage helical gearbox. By using EMD method, a complicated signal can be decomposed into a number of intrinsic mode functions (IMF) based on the local characteristic time scale of the signal. Vibration and acoustic signals are decomposed to extract higher order statistical parameters. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of EMD based statistical parameters to diagnose severity of local faults on helical gear tooth. Kurtosis values from EMD and that obtained from vibration and acoustic signals are compared to demonstrate the superiority of EMD based technique.     

基于电机电流经验模态分解的行星轮故障诊断

在故障诊断领域,电机电流信号分析法(MCSA)已经逐渐应用于齿轮故障诊断中,但该方法在诊断行星轮缺齿故障时由于电流基频干扰较大,导致故障特征不明显,难以实现故障诊断。因此提出一种基于电流信号经验模态分解(EMD)的故障诊断方法。通过对电机电流信号进行EMD分解,选取合适的IMF分量经傅立叶变换求其频谱图,根据频谱图中是否存在与故障特征频率相关的频率,实现了对行星轮缺齿故障的有效诊断。并通过实验分析,验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于DEMD的高压隔膜泵单向阀早期故障诊断

针对高压隔膜泵单向阀的早期故障特征提取困难的问题,提出基于微分经验模态分解(differential empirical mode decomposition,简称DEMD)的高压隔膜泵单向阀早期故障诊断方法。首先,对振动信号进行微分运算,提高高频成分的振幅比,使微弱高频成分在后续分解中更易提取;其次,对得到的新信号进行经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD),并将分解后的本征模函数(intrinsic mode function,简称IMF)分量信号进行积分还原;最后,计算分量信号与原振动信号的Kullback-Leibler散度(Kullback-Leibler divergence,简称K-L散度)值,选取K-L散度值较小的分量信号进行重构,并利用Hilbert边际谱对重构信号进行瞬时频谱分析,以提取故障振动信号的特征。仿真与工程实验分析表明,该方法能够较好地提取出单向阀早期故障特征信息。     

用HHT变换处理离心压缩机喘振试验数据

为了提取离心压缩机早期喘振特征频率,在对信号进行小波包降噪抽样后,利用Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT)进行信号特征提取。通过经验模态分解(EMD)得到若干固有模态函数(IMF),然后利用相关系数法对IMF进行筛选。通过趋势项和原始信号对比可知压缩机流量减少是造成振动的主因,最后对有效IMF信号进行Hilbert变换,并求其边际谱,提取压缩机喘振频率为7.3Hz。