γ针孔照相测量放射性污染分布

介绍了一种测量设备γ放射性表面污染的新方法。利用γ射线的直线传播和与物质相互作用的特性，采用针孔成像原理，以＾２３８Ｕ作为针孔材料，通过模拟计算得到针孔的设计参数，并据此制作一视场角为６０°的针孔相机。利用此相机分别对γ污染源和污染设备成像，经计算机处理，将此二幅图像叠加起来，可以清楚地知识污染源在设备上的位置及其在相机处产生的剂量水平。该方法具有直观、清晰、工作人员受辐射剂量少的优点，测量结果可     

~(125)Ⅰ沾污测量仪器的研制

随着放射免疫技术在基础医学和临床上的广泛应用,大量使用~(125)Ⅰ和其他的γ放射性同位素,因此除了对测量仪器提出要求外,还迫切的提出了对这些同位素产生的污染的监测问题。~(125)Ⅰ的污染是通过各种途径如:蒸发、泼洒、溅出以及未清洗的器皿乱扔乱放,戴着污染的手套乱拿乱模,被污染的地面无专用鞋通行路线等等。因此,除建立严格     

某人口密集区土壤重金属元素的X射线荧光光谱分析及污染评价

使用X射线荧光光谱法对某人口密集区表层土壤样品中As、Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn、Ni共6种重金属元素含量进行分析。采用单项污染指数法、综合污染指数法、地质累积指数法、潜在生态危害指数法评价了该地区土壤重金属的污染现状。结果表明,该人口密集区属于轻度污染、低度生态风险。     

表面型核子水分—密度计现场使用和对比测试

本文简要叙述了表面型核子水分-密度计的测量原理、结构形式、现场标定和校正方法,介绍了我国自行研制的FT—628型表面型核子水分-密度计在水利水电、筑路和建筑等工程进行质检的使用情况和现场对比测试。     

含氧溶液中毒砂氧化溶解的XAFS研究

毒砂的氧化溶解是环境As污染的重要来源之一。本研究对毒砂的氧化反应过程及产物进行了研究。考察了不同参数:pH、溶解氧(Dissolved Oxygen,DO)对毒砂氧化反应的影响,利用X射线吸收精细结构(X-ray Absorption Fine Structure,XAFS)分析了毒砂氧化过程中As的形态转化。XAFS光谱学数据表明,pH=4时,毒砂发生较强的氧化反应,释放的As(V)被氧化过程中形成的铁氧化物吸附;pH=7时,毒砂氧化释放的As(III)被铁氧化物吸附,表面存在少量的类似雄黄(As S)的物质;而pH=9时,毒砂几乎不发生氧化,表面只存在少量的硫代亚砷。结果表明,pH是影响毒砂氧化的重要因素。中碱性条件下,毒砂氧化反应释放出的Fe快速形成了Fe的氧化物沉淀,包裹在毒砂的表面,阻碍毒砂继续氧化。     

距离和不均匀性对α、β表面活度响应测量结果的影响

采用自主研制的α、β表面污染仪表面活度响应测量定位装置,结合JJG478-1996中表面活度响应的测量方法,采用α、β标准平面源定性和定量地研究距离和不均匀性对α、β表面污染仪表面活度响应值的影响规律。实验量化评估发现,α、β表面活度响应随着距离的变化呈二次多项式关系,相关系数均大于0.99;当α、β表面污染仪探头面积很小,且采用五点法不能覆盖标准平面源的活性区面积时,α、β表面污染仪对该标准平面源的表面活度响应宜采用五点法测量值的平均值;若污染仪的探头面积采用五点法能覆盖标准平面源的活性区面积,则对该标准平面源的表面活度响应尽量在标准平面源活性区的中心位置处测量。     

自制α-β表面污染探测器主要性能测试

为进一步开展α-β表面污染探测器国产化研究,对自制100 cm~2α-β表面污染探测器的探测效率、探测限、串道比等主要性能指标进行了测试研究。结果表明:自制100 cm~2α-β表面污染探测器的主要性能指标达到设计要求,优于相关标准规定的技术指标。     

多丝正比计数器核电子学电路研制

介绍了用集成电路构成的一套用于多丝正比计数器的核电子学电路，该电路与多丝正比计数器结合可用于全身表面污染监测仪，手脚表面污染监测仪，地板表面污染监测仪及低本底α、β测量仪等监测仪器；分析了电路设计及制造工艺中的一些具体要点。     

原位担载型煤直接液化催化剂的表征

通过原位担载法将铁系催化剂担载于煤表面，考察了催化剂前驱体的相态、配位环境以及在载体表面的分散状态。采用X射线吸收精细结构和X射线衍射法对原位担载型铁系催化剂前驱体进行了表征。结果表明，催化剂前驱体在煤表面以非晶态、高分散的形式存在，其化学组成主要为FeOOH，且催化剂前驱体的分散程度与载体煤的物理化学性质有关。     

大型X射线医疗设备的环评分析

通过一个环评实例阐述大型X射线医疗设备销售项目环境影响评价的基本分析要点,给出了正常工况下和事故工况下环境影响分析过程和剂量估算方法。大型X射线医疗设备销售的环境影响评价要点是:根据项目实际情况,确定污染因子和管理限值,采用类比、现场实测加计算的评价、预测方法,区分正常工况与事故工况,对污染进行分析、监测、计算和预测。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

Interaction between uranium and humic acid (Ⅰ): Adsorption behaviors of U(Ⅵ) in soil humic acids

The adsorption behaviors of uranium on three soil humic acids (HAs), which were extracted from soils of different depths at the same site, were investigated under various experimental conditions. The adsorption results showed that U(Ⅵ) in solutions can be adsorbed by the three soil HAs, with the order of FHA (HA from 5 m depth of soil) ＞SHA (HA from the surface) ＞THA (HA from 10 m depth of soil) for adsorption efficiency in each desirable condition, and the adsorption reached equilibrium in about 240 min. Although the maximum adsorption efficiency was adsorption could be described with Langmiur isotherm or Freundlich isotherm equation. The L/S (liquid/solid, mL/g)ratio and pH were important factors influencing the adsorption in our adsorption system besides uranium concentration. The adsorption efficiency decreased with the increase of the L/S ratio and pH at the pH range of 2.0-3.0 for SHA and THA or 2.5 - 6.0 for FHA. However, no significant difference in adsorption of U(Ⅵ) was observed at the experimental temperature. All the results implied that humic substances have different characteristics in samples even collected at the same site.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

The preclinical pharmacological study of dopamine transporter imaging agent 18F-FP-β-CIT

The paper is to study pharmacologic characteristics of 18F-FP-β-CIT (18F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β- carbomethoxy-3β- (4-iodophenyl)nortropane) as an imaging agent for dopamine transporter. The radiochemical purity of 18F-FP-β-CIT in aqueous solution was over 95% after standing at room temperature for 4h. Biodistribution displayed rapid uptake in rat brain (1.375 %ID/organ at 5min and 0.100 %ID/organ at 180 min) and the striatal uptake was 1.444,0.731, 0.397, 0.230 and 0.146 %ID/g at 5, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min, respectively. The values of striatum/cerebellum,striatum/frontal cortex and striatum / hippocampus in rat's brain at 30 min were 3.38, 2.17 and 2.40 respectively. The uptake in striatum can be blocked by β-CFT, suggesting that 18F-FP-β-CIT binds to DAT peculiarly. The compound was rapidly cleared from monkey's blood. The striatal uptake was bilaterally decreased in the left-sided lesioned PD rats, compared with normal control. Brain PET imaging studies in normal monkey showed that 18F-FP-β-CIT was concentrated in striatum. The test of undue toxicity showed that the dose received by mice was 1250 times as by human, which indicates that 18F-FP-β-CIT is very safe. So 18F-FP-β-CIT is a promising PET imaging agent for DAT with safety and validity.     

Information for authors

<正>1.NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES(NST),a bimonthly journal,is devoted to all aspects of nuclear science and technology,theoretical or experimental.Its special interest lies in the subjects of synchrotron radiation science and technology;low energy accelerators,radiation technology and applications;radiochemistry,radiopharmaceuticals and nuclear medicine;nuclear electronics and instrumen-     

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 16(2014)

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