空气-太阳能-电能复合热源热泵型冷热水机组

研制了一种集空气源热泵、太阳能热水器和电热水器于一体的冷热水机组,可根据地理和气象条件从11种运行方案中优选节能方案,实现空调、热水供应和供暖;介绍了机组的构成和工作原理。该机组可减少换热环节和融霜次数,利用循环水显热蓄热,太阳能集热效率和系统供热效率较高,初投资和运行费用低于分别采用空气源热泵、太阳能集热器和电热水器的费用。     

Saving energy in the heat-pump air conditioning system driven by gas engine

The main functions of the heat-pump air conditioning system driven by gas engine (GEHPAC) are to maintain the room temperature and control the humidity of the room. In summertime, the air can be reheated by the waste heat water from the gas engine, while the air can be reheated and humidified by the waste heat water in winter. Reducing or displacing electrical heating requirements can achieve the greatest opportunity for significant energy savings. This paper, therefore, aims to improve the energy performance of the AC system by using the waste heat from the gas engine. The mathematical model for the second heat exchanger, the sprayed room, the mixed air, was used to research the GEHPAC. Explicitly, we investigated the influence of various factors including the outdoor air temperature and humidity in summer and winter. Results from the analysis show that the GEHPAC can save more energy than the electricity engine heat pump. The GEHPAC runs beautifully in part load mode. PERx is higher in winter than in summer. The maximum PERx is over 1.6 in summer, while over 1.9 in winter. The GEHP which can control the room humidity can be used in more areas than the common GEHP.     

水蓄冷式末端盘管热泵机组空调系统

介绍一种水蓄冷式空调系统，使用风机盘管与水冷热泵一体的空调机组末端装置，实现了蓄冷空调模式与末端热泵空调模式并存与互补。与普通风机盘管式空调系统类似，但末端具有电制冷能力，能实现制冷供暖，蓄热蓄冷，大温水循环，有效回收利用余热     

大温差水蓄冷空调系统的模拟研究

对水蓄冷系统的动态模拟计算及能耗分析的结果表明：大温差水蓄冷系统的冷水泵耗电量较一般温差水蓄冷系统可减少9％；大温差水蓄冷系统中空气源热泵的COP值有所提高；与非蓄冷空调系统及一般温差水蓄冷系统相比，大温差水蓄冷运行费最少。     

适用于湿工况的风机盘管简化换热模型

针对半集中式空调系统风机盘管的换热计算问题,通过干湿工况转换方法,设计了一种适用于湿工况的风机盘管换热模型.根据能量平衡和热传递原理,简化了该换热模型,使换热量仅由冷水流量、进水温度、盘管风量和进风温度等独立控制变量确定.在实际风机盘管上进行了仿真验证,得到了不同工作条件下的换热曲线.实验结果表明,该简化换热模型计算精度较高.     

实验动物环境空调系统节能研究进展

以实验动物环境的空调系统作为研究对象,根据我国的相关标准对实验动物环境的分类及环境技术指标进行介绍,综述了针对实验动物环境空调系统的节能措施及节能效果.室内设计参数(温度、相对湿度、换气次数等)的合理选取对全年每天24 h运行的空调系统的能耗有着深远影响,较小的差别会引起较大的能耗差距.IVC系统、单向流的送排风系统都...     

永丰新技术成果转移科研中心暖通空调设计

介绍了冷冻水型机房专用精密空调机系统在电信行业IDC机房建筑中的应用,阐述了空调系统中冷源、冷冻水及节能空调系统的设计,论述了各IDC,UPS等机房的暖通空调设计,并总结了几点经验。     

电热膜采暖三维房间温度分布与能耗分析

以电热膜采暖三维房间模型为研究对象,使用ANSYS软件模拟研究其温度场,并分析此系统的耗电量、采暖费用及热量消耗指标,从而为电热膜采暖系统优化方案的选择提供依据,有效提高电热膜采暖的利用效率。结果表明,当地板层选择发泡混凝土为保温材料时,电热膜通电加热后,室内大部分空气温度在17.92~20.71℃之间,该温度符合设计标准,温差为2.79℃,舒适性较好。该房间中电热膜有效利用功率为1 377 W,能够满足室内热负荷的要求,采暖费用比集中供暖费用低。     

Capturing energy-saving opportunities in make-up air systems for cleanrooms of high-technology fabrication plant in subtropical climate

Operation of make-up air units (MAUs) for cleanrooms of high-technology fabrication plant in subtropical climates is very energy intensive, in that it is expected to deliver conditioned air at elevated airflow rates, compared to conventional commercial applications. Optimizing the design of MAU via reducing or displacing mechanical cooling or electrical heating processes can improve energy efficiency in cleanrooms since cleanroom air-conditioning systems typically use 30-65% of the total energy consumption in a high-tech fabrication plant [1]. This paper investigates the difference in energy efficiency performance of MAU systems with different pre-cooling and preheating/humidification schemes. Additionally, a comparative study was carried out for humidification schemes including wet media, directly atomized water, steam, and two-phase flow. The results show that energy recovery by DCC water return method exhibits the best energy efficiency among a total of eight schemes evaluated in this study. In addition, wet media scheme is the best humidification scheme in winter time, compared with the other three types of humidification schemes.     

利用冷水机组关机后冷水剩余冷量对房间预冷

利用冷水机组关机后冷水剩余冷量,次日提前开启空调系统对房间预冷,可提高房间使用时的舒适度、降低空调系统能耗。提出了冷水机组停机后任意时刻冷水温度的计算方法。结合工程实例,分析了预冷阶段冷水机运行模式,对空调系统提前开启时间进行了计算。     

A full-scale experimental set-up for assessing the energy performance of radiant wall and active chilled beam for cooling buildings

Full-scale experiments under both steady-state and dynamic conditions have been performed to compare the energy performance of a radiant wall and an active chilled beam. From these experiments, it has been observed that the radiant wall is a more secure and efficient way of removing heat from the test room than the active chilled beam. The energy saving, which can be estimated to around 10%, is due to increased ventilation losses. The asymmetry between air and radiant temperature, the air temperature gradient and the possible short-circuit between inlet and outlet play an equally important role in decreasing the cooling need of the radiant wall compared to the active chilled beam. It has also been observed that the type and repartition of heat load have an influence on the cooling demand. Regarding the comfort level, both terminals met the general requirements, except at high solar heat gains: overheating has been observed due to the absence of solar shading and the limited cooling capacity of the terminals. No local discomfort has been observed although some segments of the thermal manikin were slightly colder.     

风冷冷热水机组测试系统的优化改进

在原有实验系统的基础上,对风冷冷热水机组进行优化设计,并针对常规系统中余热存在浪费的现象,以及制冷机和空气加热器同时工作造成极大能源浪费的问题进行了优化改进。为了节省风冷冷热水机组性能测试试验室的耗电量,提出了一种新型试验室节能改进设计方案,即在工况机组上增设热回收器回收利用高温高压气体,以期达到节能目的。     

夏热冬暖地区星级酒店空调冷凝热回收系统

结合酒店的空调能耗状况及冷热负荷特点,对酒店空调采用冷水机组冷凝热回收系统的节能性和必要性进行了探讨。以某五星级酒店空调工程为例,介绍了其空调热回收系统的优化设计。增大了热回收系统的供回水温差,同时采取热水罐串级连接,对水温进行分层,有效地实现了热水的梯级利用及顺序利用。经分析,该优化系统更加充分地利用了冷水机组的冷凝热,更加节能,而且供水温度比较稳定。     

自控仪表在中小型空调系统中的应用

介绍了自控仪表在多机组分体空调、水冷冷水机组水系统、空气源热泵冷(热)水机组、水源热泵机组中的应用和节能效果。     

别墅建筑的几种空调设计方案

介绍了可用于别墅建筑的风冷式盛大热泵空调机组系统，风冷热泵冷水机组系统、等方案，指出应根据不同的能源和气候条件，     

Investigation of a hybrid system of nocturnal radiative cooling and direct evaporative cooling

In this paper, the results of a study on a hybrid system of nocturnal radiative cooling, cooling coil, and direct evaporative cooling in Tehran have been discussed. During a night, the nocturnal radiative cooling provides required chilled water for a cooling coil unit. The cold water is stored in a storage tank. During eight working hours of the next day, hot outdoor air is pre-cooled by means of the cooling coil unit and then it enters a direct evaporative cooling unit. In this period, temperature variation of the conditioned air is investigated. This hybrid system complements direct evaporative cooling as if it consumes low energy to provide cold water and is able to fulfill the comfort condition whereas direct evaporative alone is not able to provide summer comfort condition. The results obtained demonstrate that overall effectiveness of hybrid system is more than 100%. Thus, this environmentally clean and energy efficient system can be considered as an alternative to the mechanical vapor compression systems.     

LCNG加气站冷热电三联供系统的应用研究

简述了国内外对LCNG冷能利用的研究及应用现状,设计了一种LCNG加气站冷热电三联供系统,该系统包括LCNG气化站系统和冷热电三联供系统。LCNG气化站系统包括LNG储罐、抽风机、LNG-冷媒换热器以及CNG压缩机;冷热电三联供系统包括冷媒-制冷剂换热器、冷媒储罐、发电机、废热回收装置、充电桩。LNG通过管道依次连接抽风机、LNG-冷媒换热器、冷媒储罐、冷媒-制冷剂换热器,再通过制冷循环将冷量传递到室内。本系统的有益效果是:LCNG气化站系统耦合冷热电三联供系统,实现能量梯级利用;天然气用于发电,产生的电能供充电桩使用,利用废热回收装置收集发电产生的热量,用于预热燃烧室入口端的天然气,提高发电效率;利用废热回收装置收集的热量加热LNG,使之转变为天然气,替代水浴式加热器的使用,起到节能的效果;本系统可以与传统的石化加油站结合,实现"油气电非"的综合使用。     

Modelling and simulation of a heat pump for simultaneous heating and cooling

The heat pump for simultaneous heating and cooling (HPS) carries out space heating, space cooling and hot water production for small office and residential buildings. It works under heating, cooling and simultaneous modes to produce hot and chilled water according to the thermal demand of the building. A subcooler connected to a water tank is placed after the condenser to recover some energy by subcooling of the refrigerant during a heating mode. The water loop at a higher temperature than ambient air is used subsequently as a source for a water evaporator. Average winter performance is improved compared to a standard reversible heat pump (HP). The air evaporator is defrosted by a two-phase thermosiphon without stopping the heat production. The operation of the HPS is modelled using TRNSYS software. The model is validated using results of an experimental study carried out on a HPS prototype working with R407C. Annual simulations of the HPS coupled to a hotel are run in order to evaluate annual performance and energy consumption of the system. The results are compared to the ones of a standard reversible HP. Depending on the scenario, savings in electric energy consumption and annual performance improvement can reach respectively 55% and 19%.     

A simulation appraisal of performance of different HVAC systems in an office building

The article reports on a simulation appraisal of energy consumption, energy costs and environment impact of three systems used for space heating, and space cooling of an office building in Kragujevac, Serbia. Three investigated systems are (1) a system with a natural gas boiler and convective baseboard heaters for water space heating and window air conditioners for air space cooling; (2) a system with a natural gas boiler and individual air reheaters for air space heating and a chiller plant for air space cooling; and (3) an air-to-air heat pump for air space heating, and cooling. The systems are modeled and simulated by using EnergyPlus software. After simulations, it is found that the first investigated system has the highest energy efficiency, the best economy, and the lowest environmental impact. That is because of the fact that the first system has water as a heating medium and uses predominantly natural gas as fuel. However, in future, when for generation the grid electrical energy requires less primary energy, and becomes decarbonized, the third system would be best to conserve energy resources and environment.     

多种生活热水供热系统技术及经济对比分析

以小区中央热水系统改造为背景,对太阳能集热器+电加热器热水系统、空气源热泵+电加热器热水系统、空气源热泵+板式换热器+电加热器热水系统、水源热泵、地源热泵热水系统等几种热源供热系统进行了对比分析,结果表明利用空气源热泵+板式换热器+电加热器热水系统最节能,与小区原电加热系统相比可以使热水工作费用降低76.8％.