共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 812 毫秒
1.
The response of the plasma cholesterol concentration to changes in dietary lipids varies widely in humans and animals. There
are variations in the in vivo absorption of cholesterol between different strains of mice. This study was undertaken in three strains of inbred mice to
test the hypotheses that: (i) there are strain differences in the in vitro uptake of fatty acids and cholesterol and (ii) the adaptability of the intestine to respond to variations in dietary lipids
is genetically determined. An in vitro intestinal ring technique was used to assess the uptake of medium- and long-chain fatty acids and cholesterol into jejunum
and ileum of adult DBA/2, C57BL6, and C57L/J mice. The jejunal uptake of cholesterol was similar in C57L/J, DBA/2, or C57BL6
fed ad libitum a low-fat (5.7% fat, no cholesterol) chow diet. This is in contrast to a previous demonstration that in vivo cholesterol absorption was lower in C57L/J than in the other murine strains. The jejunal uptake of several long-chain fatty
acids was greater in DBA/2 fed for 4 wk the high-fat (15.8% fat and 1.25% cholesterol) as compared with the low-fat diet.
Furthermore, on the high-fat diet, the uptake of many long-chain fatty acids was higher in DBA/2 than in C57BL6 or C57L/J.
The differences in cholesterol and fatty acid uptake were not explained by variations in food uptake, body weight gain, or
the weight of the intestine. In summary: (i) there are strain differences in the in vitro intestinal uptake of fatty acids but not of cholesterol; (ii) a high-fat diet enhances the uptake of long-chain fatty acids
in only one of the three strains examined in this study; and (iii) the pattern of strain- and diet-associated alterations
in the in vivo absorption of cholesterol differs from the pattern of changes observed in vitro. We speculate that genetic differences in cholesterol and fatty acid uptake are explained by variations in the expression
of protein-mediated components of lipid uptake. 相似文献
2.
In the present study we investigated the effects of dietary fats containing predominantly PUFA, monounsaturated FA (MUFA),
or saturated FA (SFA) on lipid profile and liver cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7α1) mRNA expression and bile acid production
in C57BL/6J mice. The animals (n=75) were randomly divided into five groups and fed a basic chow diet (AIN-93G) (BC diet), a chow diet with 1g/100g of cholesterol
(Chol diet), a chow diet with 1g/100g of cholesterol and 14g/100g of safflower oil (Chol+PUFA diet), a chow diet with 1g/100g
of cholesterol and olive oil (Chol+MUFA diet), or a chow diet with 1g/100g of cholesterol and myristic acid (Chol+SFA diet)
for 6 wk. The results showed that the Chol+SFA diet decreased CYP7α1 gene expression and bile acid pool size, resulting in
increased blood and liver cholesterol levels. Addition of PUFA and MUFA to a 1% cholesterol diet increased the bile acid pool
production or bile acid excretion and simultaneously decreased liver cholesterol accumulation despite decreased CYP7α1 mRNA
expression. The results indicate that the decreased bile acid pool size induced by the SFA diet is related to inhibition of
the liver CYP7α1 gene expression, but an increased bile acid pool size and improved cholesterol homeostasis are disassociated
from the liver CYP7α1 gene expression. 相似文献
3.
Kim KJ Lee OH Han CK Kim YC Hong HD 《International journal of molecular sciences》2012,13(2):1620-1631
Obesity is associated with a broad spectrum of cardio-metabolic disturbances, including atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CDV). A high-fat diet has been shown to cause an elevation of the plasma cholesterol levels in humans, and the control of serum cholesterol has been demonstrated to be important in the prevention of CVD and atherosclerosis. The aims of this study were to demonstrate that crude and acidic polysaccharide extracts from Gastrodia rhizomes suppress atherosclerosis through the regulation of serum lipids in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats fed a high-fat diet. We examined the concentrations of serum lipids, including total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol, and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol, in SD rats fed a high-fat diet and evaluated the atherogenic index. Here, we show that both crude and acidic polysaccharide extracts from Gastrodia rhizomes inhibited the total cholesterol and LDL levels. Moreover, there was a significantly suppressed atherosclerosis risk due to the acidic polysaccharide extract from Gastrodia rhizome. Taken together, our results suggested that acidic polysaccharide extracts from Gastrodia rhizomes might be beneficial for lowering the incidence of CVD and atherosclerosis by reducing the de novo synthesis of total cholesterol and the LDL levels. 相似文献
4.
Madlen Reinicke Judith Leyh Silke Zimmermann Soroth Chey Ilijana Begcevic Brkovic Christin Wassermann Julia Landmann Dieter Lütjohann Berend Isermann Ingo Bechmann Uta Ceglarek 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(24)
Plant sterols (PSs) cannot be synthesized in mammals and are exclusively diet-derived. PSs cross the blood-brain barrier and may have anti-neuroinflammatory effects. Obesity is linked to lower intestinal uptake and blood levels of PSs, but its effects in terms of neuroinflammation—if any—remain unknown. We investigated the effect of high-fat diet-induced obesity on PSs in the brain and the effects of the PSs campesterol and β-sitosterol on in vitro microglia activation. Sterols (cholesterol, precursors, PSs) and polyunsaturated fatty acid-derived lipid mediators were measured in the food, blood, liver and brain of C57BL/6J mice. Under a PSs-poor high-fat diet, PSs levels decreased in the blood, liver and brain (>50%). This effect was reversible after 2 weeks upon changing back to a chow diet. Inflammatory thromboxane B2 and prostaglandin D2 were inversely correlated to campesterol and β-sitosterol levels in all brain regions. PSs content was determined post mortem in human cortex samples as well. In vitro, PSs accumulate in lipid rafts isolated from SIM-A9 microglia cell membranes. In summary, PSs levels in the blood, liver and brain were associated directly with PSs food content and inversely with BMI. PSs dampen pro-inflammatory lipid mediators in the brain. The identification of PSs in the human cortex in comparable concentration ranges implies the relevance of our findings for humans. 相似文献
5.
The effect of a hypercholesterolemic diet (HCD) on hyperlipemia and atherogenesis was investigated using normotensive Wistar/Kyoto
rats (WKY), spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and stroke-prone SHR (SHRSP), with systolic blood pressures increasing in
that order. Feeding an HCD diet containing cholesterol, cholate and suet induced hypercholesterolemia in all the strains examined
as compared with a normal diet. The plasma cholesterol levels were significantly higher in WKY than in SHR and SHRSP fed the
HCD diet. The HCD diet also induced hepatic fat deposition, particularly deposition of cholesteryl esters, a slight increase
in aortic cholesterol deposition, and elevation of both monoenoic/saturated fatty acid ratios and linoleate/arachidonate ratios
in tissue lipids. The changes induced in the three strains by the HCD diet were not positively correlated with blood pressures.
The HCD diet affected hepatic acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase and plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activities
differently in WKY and SHR which, in addition to the induction of Δ9 desaturase, may partly account for the difference in
the diet-induced changes in the fatty acid compositions of plasma cholesteryl esters. The results indicate that hypertensionper se does not stimulate the development of hypercholesterolemia and arterial cholesterol deposition induced by an HCD diet, suggesting
that other factors are involved. 相似文献
6.
Jia Zheng Xinhua Xiao Qian Zhang Miao Yu Jianping Xu Zhixin Wang 《International journal of molecular sciences》2014,15(9):14967-14983
Maternal dietary modifications determine the susceptibility to metabolic diseases in adult life. However, whether maternal high-fat feeding can modulate glucose and lipid metabolism in the early life of offspring is less understood. Furthermore, we explored the underlying mechanisms that influence the phenotype. Using C57BL/6J mice, we examined the effects on the offspring at weaning from dams fed with a high-fat diet or normal chow diet throughout pregnancy and lactation. Gene array experiments and quantitative real-time PCR were performed in the liver tissues of the offspring mice. The offspring of the dams fed the high-fat diet had a heavier body weight, impaired glucose tolerance, decreased insulin sensitivity, increased serum cholesterol and hepatic steatosis at weaning. Bioinformatic analyses indicated that all differentially expressed genes of the offspring between the two groups were mapped to nine pathways. Genes in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway were verified by quantitative real-time PCR and these genes were significantly up-regulated in the high-fat diet offspring. A maternal high-fat diet during pregnancy and lactation can modulate hepatic glucose, lipid homeostasis, and gene expression in the PPAR signaling in the early life of offspring, and our results suggested that potential mechanisms that influences this phenotype may be related partially to up-regulate some gene expression in the PPAR signalling pathway. 相似文献
7.
Macnintch John E. Clair Richard W. St. Lofland Hugh B. Clarkson Thomas B. 《Lipids》1978,13(10):644-648
The arylsulfonate esters of linoleyl, stearyl, and decyl alcohols were found to reduce significantly the accumulation of cholesterol
in the plasma and livers of White Carneau pigeons subjected to a diet of Purina pigeon pellets coated with 0.25% cholesterol
and 10% lard when fed for periods ranging from 9–12 months; no effects were observed in normocholesterolemic pigeons. These
compounds produced no toxic side effects and were found to significantly attenuate the development of aortic atherosclerosis.
The effect on aortic atherosclerosis was most likely the result of the lowering of plasma cholesterol concentrations. Linoleyl
p-toluenesulfonate appeared to be the most effective of the three arylsulfonates tested, both with respect to the reduction
of plasma and liver cholesterol accumulation and attenuation of the atherosclerotic process.
Deceased. 相似文献
8.
High intake of dietary fat plays an important role in obesity development in animals and humans, and prolonged intake of high-fat diet might lead to low-grade chronic inflammation. Previous study showed that diet-induced overweight delays cutaneous wound healing in both obesity-prone and obesity-resistant animals, highlighting the importance of diet composition in the wound healing process. This study evaluated the hypothesis that a short-term administration of high-fat diet could affect cutaneous wound healing. Male mice (C57/bl6) were randomly divided into standard (10% energy from fat) or high-fat (60% energy from fat) chow groups. After 10 days of diet administration, an excisional lesion was performed and the animals were sacrificed 6 or 10 days later. There was no difference in the fasting blood glucose between groups. Ten days after wounding, high-fat chow group presented increased inflammatory infiltrate, levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclo-oxygenase-2 proteins, and lipid peroxidation. The high-fat chow group presented delayed wound closure, increased amount of myofibroblasts and vessels, and decreased deposition of type I collagen. These findings support the hypothesis that short-term administration of high-fat diet exerts negative effects on mice cutaneous wound healing, due to the interference in the inflammatory phase. 相似文献
9.
The non-lipid portions of semi-synthetic diets appear to be important determinants of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis
in the rabbit. Serum and liver lipid concentrations were determined in rabbits which had been pair-fed various protein (casein
or soy protein isolate) and carbohydrate (sucrose or dextrose) sources as part of low fat, low cholesterol, semi-synthetic
diets. It was verified that caseincontaining diets render rabbits hypercholesterolemic, while soy protein caused a degree
of hypocholesterolemia. Additionally, sucrose, when fed in conjunction with casein, appears to augment this hypercholesterolemic
effect. The distribution of total cholesterol among lipoprotein subclasses was increased in both the intermediate density
lipoprotein (IDL) (1.006–1.019 g/ml) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) (1.019–1.063 g/ml) fractions and decreased in the high
density lipoprotein (HDL) (1.063–1.21 g/ml) fraction when casein is fed. Soy protein feeding caused relatively more cholesterol
to appear only in the IDL fraction when compared with commercial chow fed rabbits. Reasons for these differences may involve
the saturation or suppression of endogenous lipoprotein hepatic receptors. 相似文献
10.
Saskia J. H. Brinkmann Elisabeth A. W?rner Nikki Buijs Milan Richir Luc Cynober Paul A. M. van Leeuwen Rémy Couderc 《International journal of molecular sciences》2015,16(6):12230-12242
Supplementation with arginine in combination with atorvastatin is more efficient in reducing the size of an atherosclerotic plaque than treatment with a statin or arginine alone in homozygous Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits. We evaluated the mechanism behind this feature by exploring the role of the arginine/asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) ratio, which is the substrate and inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and thereby nitric oxide (NO), respectively. Methods: Rabbits were fed either an arginine diet (group A, n = 9), standard rabbit chow plus atorvastatin (group S, n = 8), standard rabbit chow plus an arginine diet with atorvastatin (group SA, n = 8) or standard rabbit chow (group C, n = 9) as control. Blood was sampled and the aorta was harvested for topographic and histological analysis. Plasma levels of arginine, ADMA, cholesterol and nitric oxide were determined and the arginine/ADMA ratio was calculated. Results: The decrease in ADMA levels over time was significantly correlated to fewer aortic lesions in the distal aorta and total aorta. The arginine/ADMA ratio was correlated to cholesterol levels and decrease in cholesterol levels over time in the SA group. A lower arginine/ADMA ratio was significantly correlated to lower NO levels in the S and C group. Discussion: A balance between arginine and ADMA is an important indicator in the prevention of the development of atherosclerotic plaques. 相似文献
11.
Plasma and liver lipids were studied in male weanling rats fed diets containing moderate levels of fat (6% by weight) as sunflower
oil (SF diet, rich in linoleic acid), salmon oil (SM diet, rich in long-chain n-3 fatty acids), or a blend of peanut and rapeseed
oil (PR diet, rich in oleic acid). After nine weeks of feeding, the fasting plasma cholesterol concentrations were 49 and
24% lower in groups SM and SF, respectively, as compared to group PR. Both dietary salmon oil and sunflower oil lowered the
tricylglycerol concentration of plasma and liver but, unexpectedly, the response was higher with sunflower oil. Indeed, in
group SM the values were 15 and 30% lower in plasma and liver, whereas in group SF, they were 24 and 53% lower, respectively.
As compared to group PR, liver triacylglycerols and microsomes contained 2.5- and 2.3-fold less oleic acid, respectively,
in group SF, and they were 9.2- and 3.2-fold enriched in n-3 fatty acids, respectively, in group SM. The liver triacylglycerol
concentrations were correlated with changes in the microsomal Mg2+-dependent phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity (r=0.47,P<0.01). As oleic acid, unlike long-chain n-3 fatty acids, is considered to promote the triacylglycerol synthesis and secretion,
our findings suggest that changes in the membrane fatty acid composition could affect the triacylglycerol content of liver
and plasma. Moreover, the availability within the liver, of oleic acid, predominantly incorporated into triacylglycerols,
might limit the triacylglycerol production in SF-fed rats. 相似文献
12.
Xiaoxu Zhou Dan Li Wei Yan Weimin Li 《International journal of molecular sciences》2008,9(11):2253-2264
The purpose of this study was to determine whether pravastatin’s prevention of aortic atherosclerosis via attenuation of IL-6 action depends on modulation of STAT3 activity. Male apoE knockout (apoE-/-) mice fed on a diet containing 1.25% cholesterol (wt/wt) were divided into pravastatin group provided with pravastatin (80 mg kg-1 per day) and atherosclerosis group. After eight weeks, pravastatin significantly prevented atherosclerotic lesion and reduced levels of IL-6 in serum and lesion, and significantly decreased expressions of phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3) and increased suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) expressions in lesions. Our results suggested that pravastatin’s aortic atherosclerosis preventing action via attenuation of IL-6 action may partially depend on modulation of STAT3 activity. 相似文献
13.
Rabbits were fed diets including cholesterol and 10% butterfat to determine whether polyunsaturated butter (9% 18∶2) would
be less atherogenic than normal saturated butter (3% 18∶2) when fed for 12 weeks. The cholesterol diets alone, 0.5% or 2%,
produced aortic plaque development, and plasma cholesterol increased 20 times, lipids increased 10 times, and vitamin E increased
5 times. The inclusion of both fat and cholesterol in the diet produced a synergistic effect, doubling these values to 40
times for cholesterol, 20 times for lipids, and 10 times for vitamin E. The higher circulating levels of cholesterol caused
increased tissue levels of cholesterol. With 2% cholesterol and fat, liver and aorta cholesterol increased 10 times, heart
4 times, and muscle cholesterol 2 times. The lower 0.5% dietary cholesterol load was successful in limiting the amount of
tissue cholesterol increase. Liver, aorta, heart, and muscle levels of cholesterol were only about half the concentration
attained when 2% cholesterol was fed. It was concluded that there were no differences in plasma or tissue cholesterol, vitamin
E, or atherosclerosis attributable to the polyunsaturated nature of the diet. The 10% butterfat diets alone, whether saturated
or unsaturated, did not induce aortic plaques and did not increase blood or tissue cholesterol, lipids, or vitamin E. Our
results suggest that the lipid mobilizing effect is mediated by cholesterol, probably by conversion to bile acids and a stimulation
in intestinal absorption. 相似文献
14.
Robert Franklin Raicht Dr. Bertram Ira Cohen Bess Eliav Erwin Heinz Mosbach 《Lipids》1978,13(9):605-609
Sterol metabolism studies using isotopic and chromatographic techniques were carried out in: (a) control rats fed stock chow
+0.1% cholesterol (control group), and (b) rats fed stock chow +0.1% cholesterol and supplemented with 0.5% sodium taurodeoxycholate
(taurodeoxycholate group). Feeding the bile acid enriched diet led to decreased acidic steroid synthesis, decreased cholesterol
turnover, and cholesterol balance compared to nonsupplemented controls. There were no significant differences in fecal neutral
sterol output, endogenous neutral sterol output, or cholesterol absorption between bile acid fed animals and controls. Tissue
cholesterol levels (liver, plasma, and bile) in the two groups were also similar. 相似文献
15.
K. K. Carroll 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1967,44(11):607-614
Effects of diet on acetate incorporation into cholesterol and fatty acids in liver slices, and on the level of plasma cholesterol,
were studied in rats and rabbits. Feeding fats and oils in a com-mercial diet stimulated acetate incorporation into rat-liver
cholesterol much more than feeding them in a semisynthetic diet. This effect seemed to be specific for cholesterol since incorporation
into fatty acids was not similarly affected. High levels of dietary casein inhibited acetate incorporation into both cholesterol
and fatty acids. Rat-liver slices generally incorporated more acetate into cholesterol than rabbit-liver slices, but incorpora-tion
into fatty acids was often higher in the latter. Rabbit plasma cholesterols were higher on butter diets than on corn oil diets.
Further eleva-tion of plasma cholesterol was observed when casein was added to the butter diet but not when it was added to
the corn oil diet. Plasma cho-lesterols were elevated, and acetate incorporation into liver cholesterol and fatty acids was
inhibited in suckling rats and rabbits whereas recently weaned animals gave results similar to those of adults. The inverse
relationship between plasma cholesterol level and acetate incorporation into cholesterol may be attributable to feedback con-trol
of liver cholesterol biosynthesis. Other mechanisms which may account for the observed effects of dietary fats and protein
on cholesterol metabolism, and the possible relevance of the findings to atherosclerosis, are discussed. 相似文献
16.
17.
Shu Wang Dayong Wu Nirupa R. Matthan Stefania Lamon-Fava Jaime L. Lecker Alice H. Lichtenstein 《Lipids》2010,45(8):701-711
The effect of an atherogenic diet on inflammatory response and elicited peritoneal macrophage (Mϕ) cholesterol accumulation
in relation to aortic lesion formation was assessed in LDL receptor null (LDLr−/−) mice. Mice were fed an atherogenic or control
diet for 32 weeks. The atherogenic relative to control diet resulted in significantly higher plasma monocyte chemoattractant
protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations, more aortic wall Mϕ deposition,
higher serum non HDL-cholesterol concentrations and total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol ratios, and greater accumulation
of both aortic free and esterified cholesterol. Elicited peritoneal Mϕ selectively accumulated longer chain unsaturated fatty
acids in their membrane, independent of the dietary fatty acid profile. Elicited peritoneal Mϕ isolated from mice fed the
atherogenic relative to control diet had significantly less arachidonic acid levels, accumulated significantly higher esterified
cholesterol, had significantly higher mRNA levels and secretion of MCP-1, and mRNA and protein levels of ATP-binding cassette
A1. Diet treatment had no significant effect in elicited peritoneal Mϕ on TNFα and IL-6 mRNA levels and secretion. These data
suggest that the atherogenic relative to control diet resulted in higher plasma inflammatory factor concentrations, less favorable
lipoprotein profile, higher elicited peritoneal Mϕ cholesterol accumulation and inflammatory factor secretion, and more aortic
wall Mϕ deposition, which in turn were associated with greater aortic cholesterol accumulation. 相似文献
18.
Chang-Kiu Moon Nae-Yeong Kang Jin-Ho Chung 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》1985,87(2):74-76
The levels of plasma lipid and lipoprotein in spontaneous hypertensive male rats (SHR) fed on normal chow diet, SHR fed on normal chow diet containing 2% cholesterol plus 10% olive oil and SHR fed on the same fat rich diet with the administration (100 mg/kg, orally) of brazilin, 7,11b-Dihydrobenz [b] indeno 1,2-d) pyran-3,6a,9,10 [6H]-tetrol, were determined to elucidate the effects of brazilin on the improvement of abnormalities in plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations of essential hypertensive rats. Plasma levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol of SHR were significantly changed toward normal physiological values by the treatment with brazilin. 相似文献
19.
J. W. Blankenship C. M. Van Gent L. B. Sandberg P. J. Roos J. A. Scharffenberg 《Lipids》1991,26(5):381-384
The incorporation of dietary cholestan-3β, 5α, 6β-triol (triol) into rat thoracic aortic tissue and changes in amino acid
composition of the elastin were investigated to identify the cytotoxic properties of the triol. Weanling male Sprague-Dawley
rats were fed the following diets for three months: (i) normal chow, (ii) normal chow with 1% (w/w) cholesterol added, or
(iii) normal chow with 0.9% (w/w) cholesterol and 0.1% (w/w) triol added. Triol levels in the blood and in the thoracic aortic
tissue were measured. Compositional changes of elastin were also determined. After three months on the triol-containing diet,
triol was found in the thoracic aorta but was not detected in the blood. Amino acid analyses of the aortic tissue elastin
revealed that the proline levels in the triol-fed animals were significantly greater than in the other two diet groups, while
the elastin levels of leucine, aspartate, arginine, and phenylalanine decreased significantly. The mechanism for these observed
changes induced by triol may reflect alternate splicing of elastin messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) resulting in structural
changes in the elastin molecule. Dietary triol does contribute to tissue triol content and is associated with aortic elastin
compositional changes. How these changes may contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease is not known. 相似文献
20.
JK Collins BH Arjmandi PL Claypool P Perkins-Veazie RA Baker BA Clevidence 《Nutrition journal》2004,3(1):1-7