Handover Optimization in Wireless Microcellular ATM Networks

Microcellular solutions in wireless ATM networks increase the network traffic control as a result of frequent handover requests. The blocking probability or the forced termination probability presents a quality of service criterion for evaluation of certain handover techniques. This paper presents a handover protocol that can avoid cell loss and guarantee cell sequence, and a two layer wireless call admission control is studied, using Markov state diagrams, in order to optimize the performance of wireless ATM networks. Spiros Louvros was born in Corfu island, Hellas in 1971. He received his Bachelor in Physics from the University of Crete, Hellas and his Master in telecommunications from the University of Cranfield, U.K. with a scholarship for graduate studies from the Alexandros Onassis Institution. In 2004 he received his PhD from the University of Patras, Hellas, in mobile communications. He has worked for Siemens as a microwave engineer and for Vodafon-Hellas as a switching engineer. His current occupation is section manager in the Maintenance Department in Cosmote S.A. He has participated in several research projects regarding mobile communications. His area of interest is in mobile networks, telecommunication traffic engineering, wireless ATM and optical communications and is documented by over 30 papers in international literature and conference proceedings. He is member of FITCE and Hellenic Physics Union and he holds a position of external researcher in the Wireless telecommunications Lab of the Electrical Engineering department, University of Patras. Dimitrios Karaboulas was born in Patras-Hellas. He received his diploma in Electrical & Computer Engineering from the University of Patras, Hellas in 1994. He has been working, since 1994, as an external consultant-specialist in several telecommunication companies in Hellas and he currently holds a company firm for ISO certification, supervision and technical solutions. He is currently a PhD candidate in the Wireless Laboratory of Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, University of Patras, Hellas and his research interests are in the area of Wireless ATM networking, mobile communications and telecommunication network planning. He has participated in several research projects regarding mobile communications and enterprise telecommunication solutions and is documented by over 50 papers in conference proceedings. He is also an active member of the Technical Chamber of Greece. S. Kotsopoulos was born in Argos-Argolidos (Greece) in the year 1952. He received his B.Sc. in Physics in the year 1975 from the University of Thessaloniki, and in the year 1984 got his Diploma in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Patras. He did his postgraduate studies in the University of Bradford in United Kingdom. And he is an M.Phil and Ph.D. holder since 1978 and 1985 correspondingly. Currently he is member of the academic staff of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering of the University of Patras and holds the position of Associate Professor. Since 2004, is the Director of the Wireless Telecommunications Laboratory and develops his professional life teaching and doing research in the scientific area of Telecommunications, with interest in mobile communications, interference, satellite communications, telematics applications, communication services and antennae design. Moreover he is the (co)author of the book titled “mobile telephony”. The research activity is documented by more than 160 publications in scientific journals and proceedings of International Conferences. Associate Professor Kotsopoulos has been the leader of several international and many national research projects. Finally, he is member of the Greek Physicists Society and member of the Technical Chamber of Greece.     

ATM校园主干网的组建分析

首先分析了建立ＡＴＭ校园主干网的总体需求，进而讨论了组网的若干重要环节并给出了应用示例。     

ATM网络拥塞控制的缓存性能分析

文章针对一种简单的拥塞控制模型,分析了拥塞控制的缓存性能,得到了精确的缓存空间Ｂ和阈值θ。指出拥塞控制运行机制缓存过大的原因,给出了合理的拥塞控制运行机制的缓存性能的分析。仿真结果验证了分析的正确性。     

Performance issues of bandwidth management in ATM networks

In our days, efficient management of the available network resources becomes a critical issue, both from a functional point of view (so that users can be provided with the bandwidth they need), and an economical point of view (so that carriers can satisfactorily and efficiently serve as many customers as possible and at the same time increase their revenue). In this paper we consider a bandwidth control scheme (i.e. managed bandwidth service) for an ATM network infrastructure which is applied to the Greek research and technology network (GRNET). We present some methods that we have tested (in a simulation setting) in order to increase the efficiency of the system and the utilization of the available bandwidth. More specifically, we consider a bandwidth‐resizing algorithm for virtual paths, in order to keep the allocated bandwidth very close to the bandwidth actually used. This leads to an increased number of accepted requests and better network utilization. We, also, use the simulation results in order to get an estimation of the effective bandwidth for VBR paths that can be used in call admission. Finally, we consider a semi‐offline scheme where requests are gathered and considered for acceptance in regular intervals. Simulation results show an increase in the utilization of resources. As a further improvement, we allow connections to be allocated a little before or after the time initially requested. This leads to further improvement in network utilization. All the improvement schemes were tested with the ATM‐TN simulator and the results look promising. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

神经网络在ATM流量控制中的应用

以ATM流量控制的三层结构模型为基础，介绍神经网络在接入允许控制（CAC）中的五种算法——学习控制方法、hybrid允许方法、移动窗口训练方法，BPHT算法和时间-差分学习方法。讨论基于神经网络的流量测量、流量管理和拥塞控制方法。性能分析结果表明神经网络提供了快速、自适应、简单的智能控制。     

增强网络生存性的ATM技术

本文分析了ＡＴＭ的特性和探讨了几种有关的增强网络生存性的ＡＴＭ技术，如失效的迅速检测零带宽后备虚通道和多链路输技术等。最后指出了实际应用中可能存在的问题。     

ATM局域网性能测试与分析

异步传输模式（ＡＴＭ）常被认为是一种解决网络带宽瓶颈的技术，但是应用程序从ＡＴＭ网络获得的带宽受到许多因素的限制。本文通过在ＣＥＲＮＥＴ的ＡＴＭ测试床上的实验，对基于ＡＴＭＡＰＩ的数据交换和基于ＴＣＰ／ＩＰ／ＡＴＭ的数据交换进行了对比。结果表明，原始的ＡＴＭ信元交换其效率是非常好的，但在不同协议栈上的应用所能获得的带宽受系统软件、传统的网络协议和端系统等诸多方面的限制。通过调整这些因素，可以提高应用程序可获得的带宽。     

HASP Overlay Cell Over Wireless ATM Microcellular Networks: A Proposed Architecture for Priority Subscribers

Wireless ATM (W-ATM) microcellular networks encounter severe problems during handovers. Microcellular solutions in W-ATM networks increase the network traffic control as a result of frequent handover requests. This paper presents a two-layer microcellular ATM architecture which optimizes the handoff blocking probability performance of priority subscribers (PS) in a congested urban area. The lower layer of the proposed architecture is based on a microcellular ATM solution for normal subscribers (NS) while the higher layer is based on a high altitude stratospheric platform (HASP) overlay solution for absorbing the traffic load of the existed handoff calls of PS. Analysis is performed using Markov state diagrams, in order to optimize the performance of W-ATM networks.

ATM网络中ABR业务的开环控制机制

ＡＴＭ网络中ＡＢＲ业务的流量控制是ＡＴＭ论坛的流量管理规范（ＴＭ４．０）中没有完全解决的问题,ＡＢＲ基于速率的闭环控制方案在最大－最小准则下获得了一定进展。但在拥塞发生在信源外或对突发性业务进行控制的情况下,添加开环控制的ＡＢＲ拥塞控制可以获得比闭环控制更佳的作用。研究了ＡＢＲ的开环控制方案,早期的ＵＩＬＩ机制本身存在在一定的问题,在交换机处采用基于计数的ＵＩＬＩ机制能够取得较好的效果。     

南京ATM宽带多媒体网络的建设

ＡＴＭ技术在经济ＩＴＵ－Ｔ和ＡＴＭ论坛多年的研究与论证后,已开始在多个领域得到广泛运用。本文介绍了南京市ＡＴＭ的网络的建设情况,包括基本组成、网络业务及网络的测试等。     

ATM网信息元选择性丢失的分析

在ＡＴＭ网里信息元选择性丢（ＳＣＤ）是一个十分重要的问题。本文提出了一种两优先级ＳＣＤ方法，并对这种方法的性能在信息元离散时间到达的条件下进行了分析，克服了泊松到达假定的不足。通过引进π算子给出了一种能够加快收敛速度的计算信息元丢失概率的迭代算法。证明了ＳＣＤ方法在ＡＴＭ网中的有效性。     

基于ATM的无线宽带网络

本文首先介绍了无线宽带网络的技术背景和空中接口,然后讨论了无线宽带通信的核心技术－无线ＡＴＭ的基本原理,如网体系结构、信元格式、协议栈,以及关键技术等,最后给出了现有的无线宽带网络的实验系统和它的标准化进程。     

ATM网络中服务质量问题的完整视图

文章提出了一种称做服务质量完整视图的方案,该方案由服务质量参数变换和分配两部分组成,总体思路是把用户的需求逐层映射,转换成ＡＴＭ网络各个层闪的服务质量参数,直到ＡＴＭ网络最底层的性能参数,通过性能参数在网络中的适当分配,从而来保证用户的质量需求。     

A fast parallel-tree switch architecture for ATM networks

In this paper we present a novel fast packet switch architecture based on Banyan interconnection networks, called parallel-tree Banyan switch fabric (PTBSF). It consists of parallel Banyans (multiple outlets) arranged in a tree topology. The packets enter at the topmost Banyan. Internal conflicts are eliminated by using a conflict-free 3 × 4 switching element which distributes conflicting cells over different Banyans. Thus, cell loss may occur only at the lowest Banyan. Increasing the number of Banyans leads to a noticeable decrease in cell loss rate. The switch can be engineered to provide arbitrarily high throughput and low cell loss rate without the use of input buffering or cell pre-processing. The performance of the switch is evaluated analytically under uniform traffic load and by simulation, under a variety of asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) traffic loads. Compared to other proposed architectures, the switch exhibited stable and excellent performance with respect to cell loss and switching delay for all studied conditions as required by ATM traffic sources. The advantages of PTBSF are modularity, regularity, self-routing, low processing overhead, high throughput and robustness, under a variety of ATM traffic conditions. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Reducing cell loss in banyan based ATM switching fabrics

In this paper, we propose a new technique for reducing cell loss in multi‐banyan‐based ATM switching fabrics. We propose a switch architecture that uses incremental path reservation based on previously established connections. Path reservation is carried out sequentially within each banyan but multiple banyan planes can be concurrently reserved. We use a conflict resolution approach according to which banyans make concurrent reservation offers of conflict‐free paths to head of the line cells waiting in input buffers. A reservation offer from a given banyan is allocated to the cell whose source‐to‐destination path uses the largest number of partially allocated switching elements which are shared with previously reserved paths. Paths are incrementally clustered within each banyan. This approach leaves the largest number of free switching elements for subsequent reservations which has the effect of reducing the potential of future conflicts and improves throughput. We present a pipelined switch architecture based on the above concept of path‐clustering which we call path‐clustering banyan switching fabric (PCBSF). An efficient hardware that implements PCBSF is presented together with its theoretical basis. The performance and robustness of PCBSF are evaluated under simulated uniform traffic and ATM traffic. We also compare the cell loss rate of PCBSF to that of other pipelined banyan switches by varying the switch size, input buffer size, and traffic pattern. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

适于ATM的分层视频编码

ＡＴＭ的统计复用特性，使信道资源得到充分利用；同时又要求其上的业务必须具备抗信元丢失的能力。在视频编码领域，可以通过分层编码减少信元丢失所造成的影响，保证在恶劣条件下实现正常的通信。对一种通用的视频编码器进行了改进，提高了视频编码器的压缩比，并且改善了其信元丢失性能。     

模块化结构的ATM交换节点的性能分析

模块化结构是形成大容量ＡＴＭ交换节点的最有效手段，本文提出一种分析模块化结构的ＡＴＭ交换节点性能的新方法，该方法通过引入虚队列考虑了相邻模块间的相关性，与计算机模拟相比，分析结果在整个负载变化范围内都有很高的准确性，方法适用于任意大小模块并采用输出排队和以Ｂａｎｙａｎ网为互连网的ＡＴＭ交换节点的性能分析。     

ATM网络虚通道路由规划的局部搜索方法

文章针对ＡＴＭ网络虚（ＶＰ）路由规划问题进行了分析,提出了使用避部搜索该问题的新方法,仿真表明这种算法是有效的。     

TCP在无线ATM环境下的性能分析

本文对无线ATM网络环境下的TCP性能进行了分析.首先,对TCP的吞吐量效率进行了理论分析,并根据广域网流量分布的特点,选取几个典型的TCP报文段长,得到了TCP吞吐量效率与误信元率的关系.然后,通过在OPNET平台上进行仿真,证明了理论分析的合理性,并得出了结论.进一步地,对TCP最佳报文段长与误信元率的关系进行了分析,提出应根据误信元率情况调整传输控制协议报文段长,从而获得最大的吞吐量效率.     

ATM网中压缩视频业务模型综述

压缩视频业务建模是ＡＴＭ研究中的重要方向。本文综述了这一领域的最新进展，特别是包含了可描述视频业务的统计特性的模型的情况。另外，对ＭＰＥＧ视频业务建模也作了比较全面的探讨。