Experimental and theoretical analysis of stresses, noise and flow in centrifugal fan impeller

Stress analysis of fan impeller by experimental and finite element method has shown that, the stress pattern in impeller components is highly complex. The stresses in the impeller components can be reduced, by using the stiffening rings on the blades. In this paper, experimental and finite element approaches have been discussed to study the stresses in centrifugal fan impeller. The flow of centrifugal fan has been also determined by using the set-up as per AMCA and NAFM guidelines. The effect of the stiffening rings on the stresses, noise and fluid flow has been also investigated and discussed.     

Numerical simulation of fluid-structure interaction in a stirred vessel equipped with an anchor impeller

A coupling algorithm is used to compute the equilibrium of a flexible anchor impeller in a stirred vessel. This coupling algorithm is based on a partitioned approach, which consists of three relatively independent modules: the computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the computational structure dynamics (CSD) and the interface. In the CFD module, the Euler formulation was used to account for the moving boundary. In the CSD module, the updated Lagrangian formulation for solving the motion of non-linear structure was used and a static study was adopted. In the interface module, an exchange of the forces and displacements was allowed. The numerical results, such as the velocity field, the turbulent kinetic energy, its dissipation rate, the turbulent viscosity and the mechanical deformation, have been presented. Particularly, we are interested in the study of the static behavior of the anchor impeller and the evolution of the displacement field of the arms during various iterations of our coupling algorithm. Accordingly, if the anchor impeller undergoes a deformation due to the flexion of the arms of the anchor impeller, the numerical results changes slightly from iteration to another. At the end of certain iteration, the anchor impeller becomes deformed and the velocity field is preserved. These results confirm that the fluid has a significant effect on the deformation of the arms of the anchor impeller during mixing depending on the velocity of the anchor impeller and the fluid flow. The numerical results were validated by a comparison with literature data.     

双层直斜叶及其组合桨搅拌槽三维流场数值模拟

采用计算流体力学的方法,对双层六直叶涡轮桨、双层六斜叶涡轮桨以及双层六直斜叶交替涡轮桨搅拌槽流场进行研究。利用Laminar层流模型对其在甘油与水的混合物中产生的流场进行数值计算,得到三种不同结构形式的双层桨以恒转速200 r/min在搅拌槽内转动时所产生的流场结构,对比分析轴向、径向和周向的速度矢量图、速度云图以及速度分布曲线,为层流搅拌槽的设计和实际应用提供了理论依据。     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION BY COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON STIRRED BIOREACTOR WITH PUNCHED IMPELLER

Instantaneous flow field and temperature field of the two-phase fluid are measured by particle image velocimetry (PIV) and steady state method during the state of onflow. A turbulent two-phase fluid model of stirred bioreactor with punched impeller is established by the computational fluid dynamics (CFD), using a rotating coordinate system and sliding mesh to describe the relative motion between impeller and baffles. The simulation and experiment results of flow and temperature field prove their warps are less than 10% and the mathematic model can well simulate the fields, which will also provide the study on optimized-design and scale-up of bioreactors with reference value.     

基于Workbench整体叶轮流固耦合强度分析

作为许多动力机械的核心部件的叶轮,其强度及可靠性的问题日渐突出。叶轮工作时,流体力和高速旋转时的离心力为其主要载荷。基于Workbench软件对整体叶轮的内部流场和工作压力分布进行数值模拟;使用ANSYS CFX进行复杂几何形状叶轮的流体动力分析,得到了整体叶轮的流场和工作压力场及流体载荷在叶轮内部产生的等效应力分布图,并耦合了旋转离心载荷等,研究了在高压工况情况下,叶轮的载荷组成和流固耦合下的叶轮强度。     

解决D100叶轮加工中切削变形的对策

TWLQ系列涡轮气体流量计是一款用于天然气等气体介质瞬时流量和累积流量测量的仪表。TWLQ-100型涡轮气体流量计的核心部件是D100叶轮,其工作原理是将叶轮置于被测流体中,当介质流经流量计时,由于叶轮叶片与流过的介质之间存在一定夹角,流体对叶轮产生转动力矩,使叶轮克服机械摩擦阻力矩和流动阻力矩而旋转,以叶轮的旋转速度来反映流量的大小。因此,叶轮的几何形状、尺寸及动平衡将直接影响涡轮气体流量计的性能和使用寿命。     

叶轮外径对前弯型液力透平性能的影响*

为研究前弯型叶轮外径对液力透平水力性能的影响,进行试验,获得了液力透平外特性数据,与计算流体动力学(Computational fluid dynamics, CFD)的结果进行对比分析,发现两者结果十分接近,验证了CFD模拟的准确性。利用CFD技术获得了215 mm、235 mm和255 mm叶轮外径液力透平的外特性曲线,发现随叶轮外径的增加,高效点向大流量区域偏移,在大流量区域,扬程大幅下降,轴功率小幅提升,效率有较明显提升,在小流量区域,扬程上升,轴功率略微下降,效率下降明显。对215 mm、235 mm和255 mm外径叶轮的速度场分析,发现随叶轮外径的增加,叶轮与蜗壳基圆之间的循环流量逐渐减小,流动状态得到明显改善,叶轮内水力损失也有较为明显的减小。利用理论公式推测改变了叶轮外径后的液力透平的高效点参数,发现普遍高于CFD模拟结果,分析产生差值的可能原因。对液力透平的轴功率、扬程进行理论分析,探讨其随叶轮外径增加的变化趋势。     

叶轮曲率半径与离心泵性能关系的研究

对离心泵的性能和消耗功率与叶轮曲率半径的关系进行了实验分析。采用了两种实验方法（常温流体和高温流体）对5种不同半径和角度的叶轮模型进行了试验。结果表明,叶轮的曲率半径和总出口面积对离心泵性能有明显的影响。     

斜流压缩机转子与蜗壳匹配的内流分析

用时均N—S方程对包含斜流叶轮、无叶扩压器与蜗壳一体的斜流压气机进行了整机计算。通过特定截面的不同流动谱图，初步比较了3种不同结构的蜗壳和扩压器的配置方式，讨论了这种型式的斜流压缩机转子子午面流动状况，为叶轮流道及其匹配设计提供了依据。并将转子出口的计算结果和实验值进行了比较。计算得到的子午面流线分布、转子上下游的子午面速度分布与设计值较吻合。     

Visualization of relative flow patterns in centrifugal blood pump

This paper presents computational and flow visualization results on a centrifugal blood pump. 4 impeller designs were tested at a rotational speed of 2000 rpm using blood analog as working fluid. All impellers have seven blades but of different geometry (Impellers A3, A4, B2 and R7). Flow visualization within the impeller passages was conducted using an image de-rotation system. A pair of large scale vortices was found within the blades of impeller R7 while a single vortex was found in most of the passages of backward facing impellers (Impellers A3, A4 and B2). To establish the effects of blade geometry on blood cells, CFD was used to simulate the blade to blade flow to provide an estimate of the maximum shear stress. The results showed that though most of the stresses within the blade passages are below a threshold level of 150 N/m² for extensive erythrocyte damage to occur, there are some regions near to the leading edge of the pressure side where the shear stresses are above threshold level.     

Numerical simulation and analysis of flow characteristics in the front chamber of a centrifugal pump

We performed numerical simulations to study the flow characteristic in a centrifugal pump based on the RANS equations and the RNG k-ε turbulent model. The flow field, including the front and back pump chambers, the impeller wear-ring, the impeller passage, the volute casing, the inlet section and outlet section was calculated to obtain accurate numerical results of fluid flow in a centrifugal pump. The flow characteristic was studied from the internal flow structure in pump chambers, the radial velocity at impeller outlet as well as the pressure inside of the pump, the circumferential velocity and the radial velocity in front pump chamber. The variation of flow parameters in internal flow versus flow rate in the centrifugal pump was analyzed. The results show that the overall performance of the pump is in good agreement with the experimental data. The simulation results show that the distribution of flow field in the front pump chamber is axial asymmetry. The energy dissipation at the impeller outlet is larger than other areas. The distribution of the circumferential velocity and that of radial velocity are similar along the axial direction in the front pump chamber, but the distribution of flow is different along the circumferential and the radial directions. It was also found that the vorticity is large at the impeller inlet compared with other areas.     

Application of gamma-ray computed tomography for the analysis of gas holdup distributions in centrifugal pumps

In this work, gas–liquid distributions in an industrial centrifugal pump operated at various steady state conditions have been quantitatively determined. Therefore, high-resolution gamma-ray computed tomography (HireCT) has been applied, operated in time-averaging rotation-synchronized CT scanning mode. Detailed studies have been performed on a hydraulic test facility providing authentic operating conditions for industrial centrifugal pumps. The gas phase distribution in the centrifugal pump has been studied for swirling gas–liquid two-phase flow as an inlet flow regime and at defined inlet gas volumetric flow rates between 0% and 5%. In this way, the influence of the inlet flow boundary conditions on the performance of the centrifugal pump as well as the gas holdup distribution within the impeller region could be successfully determined.     

Aerodynamic noise generation in centrifugal turbomachinery

The objective of this research was to identify which aspects of the fluid dynamics are associated with noise generation in centrifugal turbomachinery. Research emphasis was placed on the generation of noise at frequencies other than the blade passage tones. In order to avoid noise generated by the interaction of the discharged flow and stationary objects outside of the impeller, experiments are performed on a centrifugal impeller without diffuser and casing. With this discharge configuration, the radiated noise spectra are shown to be dominated by harmonically related broad humps at low frequency. These were proven to be generated by the interaction of a coherent unsteady flow structure rotating around the impeller discharge and the trailing edges of the impeller blades.     

基于 Fluent的 AY型离心油泵叶轮内流场数值模拟

借助Pro/E造型平台建立叶轮单流道的简化模型和叶轮整体的三维模型,利用Fluent流体分析软件对AY型离心油泵叶轮内流场进行模拟,采用标准k-ε湍流模型和SIMPLY算法,利用Fluent前处理器GAMBIT网格建模,模拟出叶轮内流场的流动规律,初步分析了离心泵叶轮的速度和压力分布,获得离心泵叶轮流道内的速度场、压力场。结果表明,Fluent数值模拟能真实反映叶轮内部的复杂流动,为AY型离心油泵叶轮的设计及改进提供了基础依据。     

轴流式管道发电机叶轮设计与优化

叶轮是流体机械中进行直接能量转换的核心部件,其结构参数会严重影响轴流式管道发电机能量转化效率及性能。为了使叶轮获得更好的水力性能、空蚀性能、工作稳定性能,采用Wilson法设计轴流式管道发电机叶轮的结构,优化叶轮的结构参数,获得性能优异的叶形结构。通过CFD仿真,结果表明:优化结构参数后的叶片能显著改善叶轮的水力性能、空蚀性能、工作稳定性能。通过实验对仿真进行验证,结果证明了本文设计方法的有效性以及改进后叶轮性能的优越性。对轴流式管道发电机的叶轮结构设计与优化有一定的指导意义。     

Analysis of blade structure impact on turbine flow sensor performance

The impeller blade structure is one of the important factors affecting the performance of the turbine flow sensor. However, the underlying fluid dynamics mechanism is still not fully understood. The DN10 turbine flow sensor's internal flow field was analyzed based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to explain the influence mechanism of blade structure on its performance. The experiment proves that the simulation method is reliable. The structural parameter η, which characterizes the shape of the impeller blade, was defined, and four turbine flow sensor structures were studied. The results suggested that the value of η affects the stability of the impeller's fluid dynamics characteristics, the velocity distribution at the impeller inlet, and the acting position and time of the wake flow behind the upstream flow conditioner. Therefore, the structural parameter influents the performance of the turbine flow sensor. With the increase of η, the characteristic curve gradually moves down, the average meter factor decreases, and the linearity error increases.     

脉冲空化多孔射流钻头的结构设计研究

在多孔射流钻头的基础上,设计了脉冲空化多孔射流钻头,分析了其工作原理:当流体冲击叶轮高速旋转时,可对侧向孔眼入口处的流场产生有规律性的扰动,形成脉冲射流;同时,高速旋转的叶轮可以降低叶轮附近流体的局部压力,可产生许多微小空泡,夹杂在射流中形成空化射流。同时形成的2种射流进而耦合成脉冲空化射流。并利用流体力学和机械设计理论对射流钻头本体、叶轮轴和叶轮的结构参数进行了研究,研究结果可为脉冲空化多孔射流钻头结构设计提供依据。     

基于CFD的汽车水泵数值模拟与试验验证

以雷诺时均N-S方程为基本控制方程,采用标准k-ε湍流模型,利用计算流体动力学软件Pump Linx模拟了汽车水泵内部的三维湍流流场,研究了水泵叶轮平衡孔及口环间隙对多工况下外特性的影响,并以叶轮有口环间隙、平衡孔这一工况对复杂流场中各个位置上的压力分布、速度分布和叶轮汽蚀进行分析。通过与试验数据进行对比验证,试验结果与数值预测结论基本吻合。提出了减小汽车水泵各部件水力损失的合理性建议,研究结论有效地指导了汽车水泵的开发过程,对其他同类产品的研发也具有指导意义。     

Multi-objective optimization for mixed-flow pump with blade angle of impeller exit and diffuser inlet

During design optimization, the impeller and diffuser of a mixed-flow pump are generally optimized separately. In such cases, the total head can be overdesigned. In this study, the designs of the impeller and diffuser were optimized simultaneously by using computational fluid dynamics and the Response surface method (RSM). Design variables were defined according to the vane plane development of the impeller and diffuser. Three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations for the shear stress transport turbulence model were discretized by finite volume approximations and solved on hexahedral grids to analyze the flow in the pump. The total head and total efficiency were selected as objective functions, with four design variables related to the impeller outlet angles and diffuser inlet angles used for optimization. The RSM was constructed based on the objective functions with design points generated from the central composite method. The hydraulic performance of the optimum model was analyzed.     

循环泵内部流场数值模拟及研究

从流体动力学理论基础出发,对循环泵的运用和性能进行分析,利用软件UG和Gambit对循环泵全流道进行了三维建模和网格划分,并利用FLUENT软件对循环泵的吸入室、叶轮及压出室进行了模拟流动计算与分析,得到模拟分析的叶片、叶轮及泵体的速度分布图、压力分布图和绕流图。这种CFD技术在泵水力设计中的应用可以比较准确地了解泵叶轮及通流部件内部的水流运动规律,依据三维紊流场的预测结果调整叶轮内的相关的几何参数,可以保证叶轮内良好的流态,提高叶轮在全运行区域内的性能。