SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-K2O-(F,Cr2O3)玻璃陶瓷的析晶

为了研究形核剂氟化物、氧化铬及其复合作用对SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-K2O系玻璃陶瓷形核和析晶的影响,采用高温熔融法制备了不同氟化物和氧化铬含量的基础玻璃,并对该基础玻璃进行了差热分析、显微分析和X射线衍射分析.结果表明:在所研究的玻璃体系中,氟化物或氧化铬的加入,都不同程度地削弱了玻璃体的结构,降低了玻璃的转变温度;当基础玻璃只含有氟化物时,玻璃在表面析出云母晶体,内部发生分相现象,而玻璃中仅含有氧化铬时,玻璃中发生整体析晶;没有氟化物的存在,不能析出云母晶体;当同时加入两种元素的物质后,对玻璃体析晶的影响不是简单的加合,复合的作用更为突出,进一步降低了玻璃的转变温度和析晶温度,整体均匀析出云母晶体.     

Li2O·Al2O3·4SiO2-Ta2O5系微晶玻璃分相与析晶机理研究

采用Ta2O5为晶核剂制备Li2O.Al2O3.4SiO2-Ta2O5微晶玻璃,并研究其分相、析晶机理,构建晶化模型.结果表明Ta2O5能有效促进玻璃的体积析晶,获得了晶粒尺寸为50nm的精细组织.非等温动力学计算显示随Ta2O5含量增加,析晶活化能降低,析晶指数增加,析晶动力学参数K(Tp)作为析晶判据更为合理.研究发现,LAST玻璃冷却时因亚稳分解导致互锁分相,形核前期又借助成核生长机制发生微滴分相,晶体生长则在继承亚稳分相形貌基础上发生"他形"析晶.最终构建了LAST微晶玻璃的晶化模型.     

辅助电场下TeO2-Nb2O5-AgCl系统玻璃的核化与析晶机理研究

在玻璃材料热处理过程中施加辅助电场,如果玻璃相的介电常数小于析出晶相的介电常数,则对玻璃的核化、晶化过程起促进作用;反之则起抑制作用．本文推导了辅助电场与温度场共同作用对玻璃核化、析晶过程的影响机理,研究了辅助电场对TeO2-Nb2O5-AgCl系统玻璃核化与析晶过程的促进作用．结果发现,辅助电场能帮助玻璃在稍低于核化和晶化温度区域的温度下成核和析晶,它可以成为控制玻璃核化和晶化过程的一个“开关”,有可能用以精确控制玻璃中纳米晶体的生长．     

La2O3在MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2微晶玻璃中的作用

在MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2玻璃中添加不同数量的氧化镧，采用差热分析，X射线衍射及电子显微镜等技术研究了氧化镧对玻璃析晶过程与力学性能的影响。氧化镧的加入使玻璃中析出α－堇青石相的温度降低，同时避免了高膨胀方石英相的析出。随着氧化镧加入量的增加，玻璃整体析晶能力下降，微晶玻璃中晶相含量减少，晶粒尺寸增大，微晶玻璃的弹性模量与硬度减小，断裂韧性增加，体现出大尺寸长柱状金红石晶粒的增韧作用。     

ZrO2对低温烧结 BaO-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃析晶和晶型转变的影响

用烧结法制备了化学计量比和高Ba含量的两组BaO-Al2O3-SiO2(BAS)系微晶玻璃,采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)和X射线衍射分析(XRD)等手段研究了ZrO2对BAS系微晶玻璃中六方钡长石析晶和六方钡长石向单斜钡长石晶型转变的影响.研究表明,两组BAS系玻璃的烧结温度低于850℃,晶化温度低于900℃.六方钡长石的析出为整体析晶.不加形核剂晶型转变为整体析晶;添加ZrO2晶型转变为表面析晶.提高Ba含量或添加ZrO2促进六方钡长石的析出和晶粒细化.化学计量比的BAS系微晶玻璃中添加ZrO2明显促进晶型转变.高Ba含量的BAS系微晶玻璃中添加ZrO2表现为抑制晶型转变,850℃保温100h不发生转变.     

添加氧化物对Ba2TiSi2O8极性玻璃陶瓷析晶性能的影响

采用恒温场晶粒定向晶化工艺制备了Ba2TiSi2O8极性玻璃陶瓷，在组成1．2BaO—1．0TiO2—2．6SiO2的基础玻璃中，分别加入0．2CaO和0．1ZrO2，研究了添加不同的氧化物对Ba2TiSi2O8极性玻璃陶瓷析晶性能的影响。实验结果表明，加入CaO和ZrO2都会影响主晶相的析出过程，特别是加入ZrO2造成玻璃陶瓷中产生BaZrSi3O9第二相。此外，压电性能测试显示，加入0．2CaO有利于BTS晶体的定向析晶；加入ZrO2不利于BTS晶体的定向析晶。     

ZnO和CaO含量对CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系泡沫微晶玻璃析晶与发泡的影响

以CaO-Al2O3-SiO2玻璃为基体,以石墨为发泡剂,制备硅灰石基泡沫微晶玻璃,研究了玻璃中引入ZnO和增加CaO含量对析晶与发泡的影响.结果表明,ZnO可降低发泡过程中假硅灰石晶相的析出量,促进玻璃粉与发泡剂混合物的烧结,降低发泡剂在较低温度下的损耗.提高CaO含量,样品结晶度增大,相同温度下玻璃的粘度增加,发泡效率降低.原料中ZnO加入量6wt%、CaO含量为18wt%的CaO-Al2O3-SiO2玻璃粉,较低温度下烧结充分,发泡剂损耗相对较少,在1000℃的发泡温度下可获得气孔率高的泡沫微晶玻璃.     

Cr2O3的添加对MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2系统微晶玻璃析晶行为的影响

利用DTA、XRD、SEM和TEM等实验手段,研究了Cr2O3的添加对于MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2系统微晶玻璃析晶行为的影响.同时,通过Ozawa和Kissinger方法计算出系统中α-堇青石的析晶活化能E.研究结果表明,少量Cr2O3的添加并不改变MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2系统玻璃析出的晶相类型,但是提高了玻璃转化温度Tg,降低了α-堇青石的析晶活化能.由于析晶活化能的降低,促进了α-堇青石的析出,最终获得了一种有实用价值的微波介质材料.该材料在微波频率下(10GHz)的相对介电常数约5.5,介电损耗＜7×10-4.     

V2O5-B2O3-TeO2体系低熔点玻璃形成规律及特性

较详细地研究了V2O5-B2O3-TeO2三元体系的熔化温度、冷却熔体的相组成及玻璃形成规律;并测试分析了V2O5-B2O3-TeO2三元体系玻璃的热性能和特征温度。结果表明,V2O5-B2O3-TeO2三元体系具有较低的熔化温度,存在3个不同的结晶区域和一个较广阔的玻璃形成区,其玻璃形成区域为:V2O50%～70%、B2O30%～30%、TeO230%～100%(均为摩尔分数);V2O5-B2O3-TeO2系玻璃具有较低的熔化温度和封接温度,是无铅低温封接玻璃的理想体系之一。     

F-离子对Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃晶化的影响

采用差热分析(DTA)，X射线衍射分析(XRD)，扫描电镜(SEM)等分析手段研究了F^-离子对Li2O—A12O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃形核和晶化的影响。结果发现，引入F^-离子使得玻璃的析晶峰值温度降低，玻璃的析晶活化能E降低，晶化指数n加大。引入F^-离子后，一方面促进了玻璃析晶和晶化，LixAlxSi1-xO2固溶体析出以及LixAlxSi1-xO2固溶体向β-锂辉石固溶体转变加快，晶化后的晶粒尺寸加大，析晶活化能E，晶化指数n与扫描电镜(SEM)分析一致。表明F^-离子促进了玻璃晶化和离子扩散。     

Structural and microstructural transitions during phase separation and crystallization of Al2O3-SiO2-P2O5-Y2O3 glass

A highly refractory glass in the system Al₂O₃-SiO₂-P₂O₅-Y₂O₃ has been designed and produced such that, upon heating, an essentially fully crystalline glass—ceramic evolves containing mullite (nominally 3Al₂O₃·2SiO₂) and xenotime (YPO₄) as the final principal phases. Phase separation in this glass occurred during cooling from the melt and continued during annealing. XPS of the Al 2p, P 2p and the Y 3d electrons revealed that the average chemical environment of each of these elements is measurably different in the annealed glass and in the completely crystallized material. This indicates that the compositions of the separated glass phases are very different from those of the crystal phases which form from them. Additional rearrangement of the glass structure was observed at 1173 K. Extensive formation of mullite was initially detected at 1223 K and was followed by the crystallization of xenotime and the transient compounds of Y₄Al₂O₉, Y₂Si₂O₇, AlPO₄ and YP₅O₁₄. The optimum crystal nucleation and crystallization temperatures of 1173 and 1473 K, respectively, were determined from DTA, XRD, SEM and TEM studies.     

The crystallisation of glasses from the ternary CaF2-CaAl2Si2O8-P2O5 system

A study of glasses from the ternary system CaF₂-CaAl₂Si₂O₈-P₂O₅ has been carried out. It has been shown that glasses with low phosphorus contents and high fluorite contents crystallise to fluorite. Fluorine reduces the glass transition temperature and is also required for the formation of fluorapatite (FAP). In the absence of fluorine in the glass no apatite phase is formed. Bulk nucleation of FAP is favoured for glasses with Ca:P ratios close to the apatite stoichiometry of 1.67 and with low crosslink densities. Thermal gravimetric analysis showed significant weight losses attributable to the formation of volatile silicon tetrafluoride to occur on crystallisation of the aluminium containing phases, anorthite and mullite, which supports the view that silicon tetrafluoride formation is hindered by fluorine bonding to the aluminium atoms of the glass network. Anorthite crystallisation always occurred by a surface nucleation mechanism and appeared to be favoured by the higher silicon to aluminium ratio in these glasses compared to previously studied glass compositions.     

Photocatalytic properties of TiO2-P2O5 glass ceramics

Binary TiO₂-P₂O₅ glasses with 69 mol% and 76 mol% TiO₂ were prepared and converted into glass ceramics by heat-treatments. XRD measurements show that the main crystalline phases precipitated in the glass ceramics are anatase-type TiO₂ crystals or (TiO)₂P₂O₇ crystals, depending on the concentration of titanium constituent. Photocatalytic activities of the glass ceramics were evaluated by the decomposition of methylene blue (MB) and measuring the water contact angle. It is found that the glass ceramics containing anatase crystals exhibit both photocatalytic oxidation activity and highly photo-induced hydrophilicity under UV irradiation with intensity of 1.0 mW/cm².     

Electrochromic Properties of Sol-gel Deposited V2O5 and TiO2-V2O5 Binary Thin Films

Transparent mixed phase (1- x)V205-xTiO2 (x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4) thin films were prepared on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass via sol-gel process. The films were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, optical spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, IR and X-ray diffractometer.     

TeO2-Nb2O5系统玻璃的成玻性能研究

TeO2是一种线性和非线性光学性能优良、但无法单独形成玻璃的重金属氧化物玻璃系统,Nb2O5的引入有利于获得均匀而稳定的碲酸盐系统玻璃.研究发现,Nb2O5的引入会改变TeO2-Nb2O5系统玻璃中Te4 、Nb5 的配位数,进而对玻璃的结构和成玻能力、稳定性以及析晶性能均产生明显的影响.含有20-30wt%Nb2O5的碲酸盐系统玻璃表现出较好的综合品质.     

Internal stress and optical properties of Nb2O5 thin films deposited by ion-beam sputtering

The influence on the internal stress and optical properties of Nb2O5 thin films with ion-beam energy was investigated. Nb2O5 thin films were deposited on unheated glass substrates by means of ion-beam sputtering with different ion-beam voltage, Vb. The refractive index, extinction coefficient, and surface roughness were found to depend on the ion-beam energy. The stresses in thin films were measured by the phase-shifting interferometry technique. The film stress was also found to be related to Vb, and a high compressive stress of -0.467 GPa was measured at Vb = 850 V. The Nb2O5-SiO2 multilayer coatings had smaller average compressive stress as compared with single-layer Nb2O5 film.     

SiO2-MgO-Al2 O3-F系玻璃陶瓷的析晶

本文应用TEM,XRD和EDAX等技术,系统研究了SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-F系玻璃陶瓷的析晶过程.结果表明:在玻璃熔体的冷却过程中,由于弛豫作用而形成晶核,在随后的热处理过程中,中间相Mg2FB3和KAlSiO4以此核为中心析出;氟的存在促进了晶体的整体析出,而主晶相氟金云母在中间相的晶界处形核长大.     

V2O5 nanofibre sheet actuators

Vanadium oxides, such as V2O5, are promising for lithium-ion batteries, catalysis, electrochromic devices and sensors. Vanadium oxides were proposed more than a decade ago for another redox-dependent application: the direct conversion of electrical energy to mechanical energy in actuators (artificial muscles). Although related conducting polymer and carbon nanotube actuators have been demonstrated, electromechanical actuators based on vanadium oxides have not be realized. V2O5 nanofibres and nanotubes provide the potential advantages of low-cost synthesis by sol-gel routes and high charging capacity and long cycle life. Here, we demonstrate electromechanical actuation for obtained high modulus V2O5 sheets comprising entangled V2O5 nanofibres. The high surface area of these V2O5 sheets facilitates electrochemical charge injection and intercalation that causes the electromechanical actuation. We show that the V2O5 sheets provide high Young's modulus, high actuator-generated stress, and high actuator stroke at low applied voltage.     

含碱金属离子的CaO-B2O3-SiO2系玻璃陶瓷性能研究

研究了碱金属氧化物对CaO-B2O3-SiO2(CBS)系玻璃陶瓷的软化析晶温度以及材料的烧结、介电等方面性能的影响。结果表明:对于添加双碱的CBS玻璃,随双碱金属离子半径增大软化温度呈升高趋势,而析晶峰值温度呈降低趋势。Na2O和K2O添加对于改善CBS系玻璃陶瓷烧结性能效果更好,试样内部晶粒分布均匀、结构致密。烧成试样主晶相均为CaSiO3,CaB2O4和石英。试样的介电常数和介电损耗随频率的增加而减小。随着测试温度的升高,试样的介电常数略有增加,而介电损耗呈降低趋势。