Fruit quality and bioactive compounds relevant to human health of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars grown in Italy

The fruit quality characteristics, phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacities of 24 sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars grown on the mountainsides of the Etna volcano (Sicily, Italy) were evaluated. High-performance liquid chromatographic methods were used to identify and quantify sugars, organic acids and phenolics. A total of seven phenolic compounds were characterised as hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (neochlorogenic acid, p-coumaroylquinic acid and chlorogenic acid) and anthocyanins (cyanidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3-rutinoside, pelargonidin 3-rutinoside and peonidin 3-rutinoside). The total anthocyanin content ranged from 6.21 to 94.20 mg cyanidin 3-glucoside equivalents/100 g fresh weight (FW), while the total phenol content ranged from 84.96 to 162.21 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g FW. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay indicated that fruit of all genotypes possessed considerable antioxidant activity. The high level of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of some sweet cherry fruits implied that they might be sources of bioactive compounds that are relevant to human health.     

Exploring xoconostle by-products as sources of bioactive compounds

Agroindustrial by-products derived from fruit processing are an important source of bioactive compounds that can be used as functional food ingredients. The genus Opuntia embraces different species of cactus, and many of them produce acidic fruits known as xoconostle, which are considered valuable foods in Latin America. Xoconostle fruit contains an edible thick-acid-freshly mesocarp, and seeds packed in a mucilaginous structure that together with the skin are considered by-products constitutes the endocarp. Given the high potential of its commercial use and consumption in Mexico, as well as the lack of information about its detailed chemical composition and bioactive compounds, the aim of this study was to evaluate the composition in bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties of the skin and mucilaginous part surrounding the seeds of the xoconostle fruit (Opuntia joconostle F.A.C. Weber ex Diguet, cv. Cuaresmeño). These by-products stand out due to their high tocopherol content (mainly in epicarp), linoleic and citric acids (mainly in endocarp), and isorhamnetin O-hexoside di-ramnoside (mainly in epicarp), with high antioxidant properties. In the light of these results, xoconostle fruit cv. Cuaresmeño should be considered of great interest as a source of bioactive compounds for incorporation in other food products, so that all the bioactives present are fully used, instead of being discarded.     

Organic acids,antioxidant capacity,phenolic content and lipid characterisation of Georgia-grown underutilized fruit crops

Four underutilized Georgia-grown fruit crops, namely loquat (Eriobotrya japonica), mayhaw (Crataegus sp.), fig (Ficus carica), and pawpaw (Asimina triloba), and their leaves were analysed for total polyphenols by Folin–Ciocalteau method, and antioxidant capacity by ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays. Organic acids and phenolic compounds were identified by RP-HPLC. For lipid profile, fruits were separated into two fractions – seed and fruit (i.e., without seed); lipid was extracted using the Folch method and analysed for fatty acids, phytosterols, tocopherols, and phospholipids. The major organic acid identified in all samples was malic acid (177–1918 mg/100 g FW). The predominant phenolic acids in all the fruits were gallic (1.5–6.4 mg/100 g FW) and ellagic (0.2–33.8 mg/100 g FW), and the most abundant flavonoid was catechin (12.2–37.8 mg/100 g FW). Total lipid content varied from 0.1% in mayhaw fruit to 21.5% in pawpaw seed. Linoleic acid was the predominant fatty acid in all of the samples (28.2–55.7%).     

Sugars,organic acids,phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.)

Sugars, organic acids, phenolics and anthocyanins in fruits of 13 sweet cherry cultivars: Badascony, Burlat, Early Van Compact, Fercer, Fernier, Ferprime, Lala Star, Lapins, Noire de Meched, Sylvia, Vesseaux, Vigred (red-coloured) and Ferrador (bi-coloured) were quantified by HPLC. Sweet cherry cultivars of different pomological characteristics and different time of ripening were evaluated sensorily. Cultivars were evaluated for their total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The sum of sugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose and sorbitol) ranged from 125 to 265 g/kg fresh weight (FW) and the sum of organic acids (malic, citric, shikimic and fumaric) ranged from 3.67 to 8.66 g/kg FW. Total phenolic content ranged from 44.3 to 87.9 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g FW and antioxidant activity ranged from 8.0 to 17.2 mg ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity mg/100 g FW. The correlation of antioxidant activity with total phenolics content and content of anthocyanins was cultivar dependent.     

Chemical composition,anthocyanins, non-anthocyanin phenolics and antioxidant activity of wild bilberry (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz) from Colombia

Berries of Vaccinium meridionale Swartz native to Colombia were analysed for chemical composition, total phenolic content, anthocyanin content, and antioxidant activity. In addition, high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (HPLC–DAD) and HPLC-electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (ESI–MS/MS) were used to determine anthocyanin and phenolic composition. Anthocyanin content was 329.0 ± 28.0 mg cyanidin 3-glucoside equivalents/100 g (fresh weight) FW and total phenolic content was 758.6 ± 62.3 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g FW. Cyanidin 3-galactoside was the major anthocyanin while the most abundant non-anthocyanin phenolic was chlorogenic acid.     

Phytochemical and antioxidant characterization of the fruit of black sapote (Diospyros digyna Jacq.)

Consumption of fruits and vegetables has been associated with a healthy state which has been attributed, in part, to their antioxidant capacity. Characterization of the bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity found in fruits cultivated in the tropic is limited. Thus, the objective of the present work was the characterization of phytochemicals and antioxidants of the fruit of black sapote (Diospyros digyna Jacq.). HPLC-DAD-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analyses were used to identify and quantify phenolics, carotenoids and tocopherols. Total soluble phenolic content was 247.8 mg GAE/100 g fw (fresh weight). Important phenolics identified were sinapic acid, myricetin, ferulic acid, and catechin. Total carotenoid content was 399.4 ??g of ??-carotene/100 g fw, and ??-carotene and lutein were the main carotenoids identified. ??-Tocopherol concentration was 672.0 ??g/100 g dry weight. Antioxidant capacity as measured by the DPPH and FRAP assays was higher in the hydrophilic than in the lipophilic extract, and it is thought to be due mainly to the phenolic content of this fruit. Results suggest that the fruit of black sapote has an antioxidant capacity comparable to other important fruits, and its inclusion in the diet is therefore recommended.     

Chemical characterization and antioxidant capacity of berries from Clidemia rubra (Aubl.) Mart. (Melastomataceae)

The flora of Latin America attracts gaining interest as it provides a plethora of still unexplored or under-utilized fruits that can contribute to human well-being due to their nutritional value and their content of bioactive compounds. Clidemia rubra (Aubl.) Mart. is a shrub belonging to the family of the Melastomataceae that grows preferably in a tropical climate. This paper comprises a nutritional characterization of the berries from Clidemia rubra and provides data on the phenolic compounds as well as the antioxidant capacity of the fruit. Findings in macronutrients like protein, carbohydrates, and fat were comparable to that of common berry fruits. Clidemia rubra berries seemed to be a good source for dietary fibers and some minerals (Ca, Mn, and Zn). In contrast, contents of titratable acids and ascorbic acid were low. The polyphenolic profile was determined by using HPLC-MS/MS in comparison to standard compounds. Noteworthy amounts of cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside (39.43 ± 1.66 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW)), delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside (23.74 ± 1.18 mg/100 g FW), cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (11.68 ± 0.56 mg/100 g FW), and delphinidin 3-O-glucoside (6.08 ± 0.35 mg/100 g FW) were found. Non-anthocyanin phenolic constituents were phenolic acids (gallic, protocatechuic, p-hydroxy-benzoic, vanillic, and caffeic acid), flavan-3-ols (epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, and epicatechin gallate), and 11 different myricetin and quercetin derivatives of which quercetin 3-O-arabinoside (5.26 ± 0.16 mg/100 g FW) and quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside (5.06 ± 0.08 mg/100 g FW) were dominating. Anthocyanins and ascorbic acid were mainly responsible for the antioxidant capacity of Clidemia rubra berries assessed with the total oxidant scavenging capacity (TOSC) assay.     

Phytochemical and antioxidant characterization of mamey (Pouteria sapota Jacq. H.E. Moore & Stearn) fruit

Phytochemical compounds in fruits and vegetables have gained great importance in the last few years because of the increasing evidence suggesting their antioxidant and prevention of chronic diseases. Carotenoids, phenolics, flavonoids, and vitamins E and C, are among these phytochemicals. Several fruits have been characterized so far for their antioxidant and health properties but there is still limited information on fruits from the tropic. Therefore, the objective of this study was the characterization of mamey fruit (Pouteria sapota Jacq. H. E. Moore & Stearn) with regard to their antioxidant capacity and phytochemical profile. Phenolics, carotenoids and ??-tocopherol were quantified and identified by HPLC-DAD-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS), and DPPH and FRAP assays were used to evaluate antioxidant capacity. Hydrophilic extracts of mamey fruit showed higher antioxidant capacity than the lipophilic portion. Total soluble phenols content was 28.5 mg GAE/100 g fw, being p-hydroxybenzoic acid as the main phenolic that was identified. Total carotenoid content was 1127.9 ??g ??-carotene/100 g fw with ??-carotene being the main contributor, in addition to lutein, and violoxanthin. Concentration of ??-tocopherol was 360.0 ??g/100 g fw. Results of this study suggest that mamey fruit is a good source of carotenoids and its inclusion in the diet is recommended.     

Effects of nitric oxide fumigation on phenolic metabolism of postharvest Chinese winter jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Dongzao) in relation to fruit quality

The effect of nitric oxide fumigation on phenolic metabolism of harvested Chinese winter jujube in relation to the fruit quality was investigated. The fruits were fumigated for 3 h with NO (0, 10, 20 and 30 μl/l) then stored at 22 °C and RH 95%. Changes in color, phenol and anthocyanin levels in pericarp, activities of the related enzymes, and total soluble solids and vitamin C from mesocarp were measured. The results showed that treatment with 20 μl/l NO significantly slowed the increase in red index, inhibited changes of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activities, maintained a low total anthocyanin content and a high total phenol content, and delayed the increase of soluble solids and decrease of vitamin C. Treatment with NO solution at less than 1 μmol/l exhibited inhibitory effects on in vitro PPO and PAL activities in a dose-dependent manner.     

Effects of various solvents on the extraction of antioxidant phenolics from the leaves, seeds, veins and skins of Tamarindus indica L.

The effects of solvents, of varying polarities, on the extraction of antioxidant phenolics from the leaves, seeds, veins and skins of Tamarindus indica (T. indica) were studied. The efficiencies of the solvents for extraction of the antioxidant phenolics were in the order: methanol > ethyl acetate > hexane. Phenolic content ranged from 3.17 to 309 mg of gallic acid equivalents/g. Methanol leaf extract (MEL) had the highest phenolic content and was the most potent scavenger of DPPH and superoxide radicals. Methanol vein extract had the highest ferric reducing activity whereas methanol seed extract was the most potent ABTS radical-scavenger. A positive correlation existed between phenolic content and antioxidant activities of the plant parts. HPLC analyses of MEL revealed the presence of catechin, epicatechin, quercetin and isorhamnetin. Overall, methanol was the most effective solvent for extraction of antioxidant phenolics from T. indica. T. indica, particularly the leaf, can be a useful source of natural antioxidants.     

Physicochemical,Nutritional, and Functional Characterization of Fruits Xoconostle (Opuntia matudae) Pears from Central-México Region

Abstract: Xoconostle cv. Cuaresmeño (Opuntia matudae) has attracted domestic and international industry attention; however, variations of composition from xoconostle structures have not been evaluated. Industries discard the pulp (endocarp) and peel (pericarp) as wastes and utilize the skin (mesocarp), which is the edible portion. The physicochemical, nutritional, and functional characterization of structures from xoconostle pear from 3 major sites of production in Mexico were assessed. Skin yield ranged from 58% to 64% and was higher to that of peel (22% to 24%) and pulp (12% to 18%) yields. pH, °Brix, and acidity were similar among xoconostle structures. Total fiber showed by peel (18.23% to 20.37%) was 2-fold higher than that of skin. Protein and ether extract were higher in xoconostle pulp compared to that showed by peel and skin. Iron content of xoconostle peel (6 to 9.6 mg/100 g, DWB) was higher to that of skin and pulp and prickly pear pulp. Soluble phenols of peel (840 to 863 mg GAE/100 g, DWB) were almost similar to that of skin (919 to 986 mg GAE/100 g, dry weigh basis); meanwhile, ascorbic acid concentration of skin was 2-fold higher compared to that of peel. The phenolic fraction of xoconostle structures consisted of gallic, vanillic, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acids; catechin, epicatechin, and vanillin were also identified by high-performance liquid chromatography–didoe array detection (HPLC-DAD). Xoconostle peel showed higher antioxidant activity (TEAC) compared to that of skin (2-fold) and pulp (6-fold) of commonly consumed fruits and vegetables. The potential of xoconostle peel and pulp for the production of feed or food is promissory. Practical Application: Outstanding nutritional and functional properties of xoconostle cv. Cuaresmeño fruits are demonstrated. Increased consumption could contribute positively to improve the diet of rural and urban consumers. The high fiber, mineral, and antioxidant components of xoconostle peel and pulp suggest that these fruit structures, which are currently discarded as waste, have promissory use as feed or food by industry.     

Antioxidant capacity, phenolic content and vitamin C in pulp, peel and seed from 24 exotic fruits from Colombia

Twenty-four exotic Colombian fruits were evaluated for antioxidant activity and total soluble phenolics (TP) (edible part, seed and peel) and ascorbic acid content (edible part). The antioxidant activities were evaluated by ABTS (free radical-scavenging capacity) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) methods. The ABTS, FRAP, TP and ascorbic acid values in the edible part were 3.25 to 175 ??M Trolox equiv/g fresh weight (FW), 6.29 to 144 ??M Trolox equiv/g FW, 15.7 to 1018 mg gallic acid equiv/100 g FW, and 0.53 to 257 mg ascorbic acid/100 g FW respectively. There were positive correlations between antioxidant activity (assessed by both ABTS and FRAP) and TP and ascorbic acid with the FRAP and ABTS methods. The edible part of banana passion fruits (P. tarminiana and P. mollisima) exhibited the highest values of antioxidant activity and total phenolics, while the highest level of ascorbic acid was recorded in the edible part of guava apple and cashew. The seeds with the highest values of antioxidant activity and total phenols were cashew, algarrobo, arazá and coastal sapote, while the peel of coastal sapote and algarrobo had the highest values of antioxidant activity and total phenolics. To the best of our knowledge, this paper reports the first evaluation of pulp, seed and skin of Colombian tropical fruits with a view to their knowledge utilization for the development of novel functional food products.     

Phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of tropical highland blackberry (Rubus adenotrichus Schltdl.) during three edible maturity stages

Tropical highland blackberry (Rubus adenotrichus Schltdl.) is a good source of antioxidants and contains appreciable levels of phenolic compounds, mainly ellagitannins and anthocyanins. This study examined the influence of three ripening stages on phenolic contents. Major anthocyanin pigments increased from 0.20 (red fruit) to 1.34 mg g⁻¹ fresh weight (FW) (fully ripe fruit), whereas ellagitannins and ellagic acid derivatives dropped from 3.8 to 2.2 mg ellagic acid equivalents g⁻¹ (FW). Flavonols also dropped from 5.1 to 2.0 mg quercetin equivalents 100 g⁻¹ (FW). Consequently, values for total phenolic compounds ranged from 5.8 to 5.2 mg gallic acid equivalents g⁻¹ (FW), showing no specific trend. Antioxidant activity (H-ORAC) increased from 38.29 to 64.00 μmol of Trolox equivalents g⁻¹ (FW) during ripening. When compared with other commercial cultivars, R. adenotrichus stands out for high H-ORAC value, although comparatively it possesses low anthocyanin content and average total phenolic content.     

Effect of a sodium caseinate edible coating on berry cactus fruit (Myrtillocactus geometrizans) phytochemicals

Berry cactus fruit (Myrtillocactus geometrizans) is an endemic cactus fruit from Mexico and is a rich source of phytochemicals, primarily betacyanins, betalains and polyphenols. However, only a few studies have been performed to evaluate the changes in the levels of these compounds in berry cactus fruits during post harvest storage. Berry cactus fruits were treated with a sodium caseinate (Na-Cas) based edible coating plasticized with sorbitol (S) and glycerol (G), and their phytochemical contents were evaluated. Control (C), Na-Cas(S) and Na-Cas(G) fruits were packed in clam shell boxes and stored at 5 ± 1 °C for 15 days. Betacyanins, betaxanthins, total polyphenols, their in vitro antioxidant activity, as well as ??-amylase and ??-glucosidase inhibitory activities were estimated during storage at 0, 7 and 15 days. Polyphenol levels declined from an initial 3500 mg/100 g of dry fruit by over 50% after 7 days of storage. By contrast, total betalain levels remained steady during the 15 days of storage. Antioxidant capacity, as measured by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) radical scavenging, was maintained in berry cactus fruit extracts during storage. Edible coatings did not have any effects on the antioxidant capacity. Berry cactus polyphenols were also strong inhibitors of ??-amylase and ??-glucosidase activities. Portulacaxanthin II and III, indicaxanthin, vulgaxanthin I and III, 3-methoxytyramine-betaxanthin, arginine-betaxanthin, betanidin, dopa-betaxanthin, betanin, phyllocactin, and three other unknown compounds were identified as betalains. As well, a catechin derivative, epicatechin, epigallocatechin, kaempferol, myricitrin, quercetin 3-O-??-glucoside, isorhamnetin 3-glucoside and a kampferol diglycoside were identified as polyphenols.     

Nutritional properties of yellow mombin (Spondias mombin L.) pulp

Yellow mombin (Spondias mombin L.) is a tropical fruit with increasing acceptance in both national and international fruit markets. The aim of this work was to evaluate the centesimal composition, mineral content, total phenolics, antioxidant activity, and characterize the carotenoids of frozen yellow mombin pulp. Results indicated that the yellow mombin pulp contained an important amount of potassium and copper. The antioxidant activity and total phenolic values scored 17.5 mmol TEAC g⁻¹ and 260 mg galic acid/100 g respectively, higher than those reported for other fruits. Five carotenoids were identified, ??-cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeinoxanthin, ?? and ?? carotene, being ??-cryptoxanthin the major one, accounting for the high level of pro-vitamin A activity in the pulp. A 100 g portion of yellow mombin pulp can provide more than 37% of the recommended daily allowance of vitamin A.     

Preliminary characterisation of cornelian cherry (Cornusmas L.) genotypes for their physico-chemical properties

Fruit weight, antioxidant capacity, total anthocyanins, total phenolics, ascorbic acid, soluble solid content (SSC), reducing sugar and acidity of a number of selected cornelian cherry (Cornusmas L.) genotypes of varied pigmentation were investigated. Two methods, namely β-carotene bleaching and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were used to determine total antioxidant capacity, while Folin–Ciocalteu reagent was used to determine total phenols. Fruit weight, SSC and ascorbic acid content of genotypes were 2.09–9.17; 12.53–21.17% and 29–112 mg/100 g, respectively. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content varied among genotypes and 44-18 genotype had the highest antioxidant capacity using both methods. This genotype also had the highest total phenolic (74.8 mg GAE/g DW) and total anthocyanin (115 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents /100 g FW) content. There are linear relationships between antioxidant capacities and total phenols. The present study demonstrates the potential of certain cornelian cherry genotypes, notably 44-18, for improvement of nutritional value through germplasm enhancement programmes.     

Phenolic acids and flavonoids of fig fruit (Ficus carica L.) in the northern Mediterranean region

Phenolics are an important constituent of fruit quality because of their contribution to the taste, colour and nutritional properties of fruit. We have tried to evaluate the phenolic profile of fig fruit, since only limited information on that topic is available in the literature. With the HPLC-PDA system, we have identified the following phenolics: gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin and rutin. Phenolics were extracted from three different fig cultivars that are commonly grown in Slovenia’s coastal region. These cultivars were ‘Škofjotka’ (‘Zuccherina’) a white type fruit, ‘?rna petrovka’ and ‘Miljska figa’, both dark type fruit. The fruit from the first and the second crop were collected and compared. In general, fruit from the second crop contained higher values of phenolics than fruit from the first crop. The analysed phenolics present at the highest content were rutin (up to 28.7 mg per 100 g FW), followed by (+)-catechin (up to 4.03 mg per 100 g FW), chlorogenic acid (up to 1.71 mg per 100 g FW), (−)-epicatechin (up to 0.97 mg per 100 g FW), gallic acid (up to 0.38 mg per 100 g FW) and, finally, syringic acid (up to 0.10 mg per 100 g FW). Both cultivars with dark fruit exhibited a higher total level of analysed phenolics, in comparison to the white fruit cultivar ‘Škofjotka’. The amounts measured are comparable to those of other fruits grown in this region. The amounts of rutin in particular are quite high and comparable to apples, for example. As a typical, seasonal fresh fruit, figs can be an important constituent of the regional diet.     

ATP-regulation of antioxidant properties and phenolics in litchi fruit during browning and pathogen infection process

The impact of energy level on antioxidant properties in relation to pericarp browning and loss of disease resistance of litchi fruit was investigated. Litchi fruits were vacuum-infiltrated with distiled water (control), 1 mM adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and 0.5 mM 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) under 75 kPa for 3 min before being inoculated with Peronophythora litchi or not. ATP-treated fruits presented higher activities of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Higher activities of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging, reducing power and contents of phenolic compounds were also observed in ATP-treated fruit during storage. In contrast, DNP treatment lowered the enzymes activities, scavenging ability and the contents of phenolic compounds. Higher levels of antioxidant enzymatic system and non-enzymatic system were observed in P. litchii-inoculated fruits than those in non-inoculated fruits. Application of ATP and DNP exhibited a similar change patterns and effects in inoculated fruits. When related to previously reported ATP levels, the results suggested that ATP levels could regulate the antioxidant system. Sufficient available energy is crucial for inhibiting browning and preventing the loss of disease resistance in harvested litchi fruit.     

Soluble phenols and antioxidant activity in mamey sapote (Pouteria sapota) fruits in postharvest

Mamey sapote (Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H. E. Moore & Stearn) is a tropical species from the Sapotaceae family native to Mexico and Central America. Its tree produces an edible climacteric fruit, whose weight can range from 250 to 900 g. The flesh is soft, comprises about 78% of the fruit, and has high sugars to acidity ratio, which gives it a sweet taste when ripe. Because of current public interest to consume products that promote health, the aim of the work was to characterize soluble phenolic content and antioxidant activity in mamey sapote fruits from Chiapas, Mexico, at different maturity stages. Storage at 12 (± 1) °C was conducted for 18 d. When fruits ripened firmness flesh varied, in average, from 41.8 to 3.0 N, soluble solids content from 17.7 to 28.1 ºBrix, hue angle from 56.4 to 46.3º, and lightness from 67.3 to 42.0. Phenolic content was affected by ripening since average values of 2563 and 234 ??g/g were found in unripe and consumption maturities, respectively. In a soluble phenolics extract from flesh, gallic acid (GA), gallocatechin-3-gallate (G3G), epicatechin (ECT), and catechin (C) were found, being the latter the most abundant compound, which increased with ripening from 9.9 to 113.1 ??g/g, while GA, G3G, and ECT had average values of 4.7, 11.9, and 5.8 ??g/g, respectively, without significant variation. Antioxidant activity, expressed through the IC₅₀ parameter, remained practically unchanged and showed an average value of 12.9 ??g/mL. Based on phenolic composition the mamey sapote fruit may constitute a good source of antioxidant compounds.