60Co集装箱阵列背散射辐射成像系统研究

与透射辐射成像相比,康普顿背散射成像技术更适用于爆炸物、毒品等低密度违禁品的检测.据此,提出了一种大型客体阵列背散射辐射成像方案,设计、开发了一体化阵列气体电离室探测器,搭建了1/3规模实验样机,并对有机物加亮效应、背散射图像校正、复原等相关技术问题进行了仿真与实验研究.     

推扫型背散射成像系统图像质量优化

推扫型背散射成像技术是一种成像布局灵活、对有机物敏感的新型成像技术。在以较高速度进行成像的情况下,其探测效率和图像对比度受到一定限制。本文基于自主研发的推扫型背散射成像系统,设计开发了一套专用图像处理算法,包括归一化校正、衰减校正,图像去噪,图像增强,图像分割等,以降低图像噪声和提高图像对比度。目前此算法已实际应用于成像系统进行实验验证,图像质量具有明显改善,是一种行之有效的算法。     

X射线背散射透射一体成像系统设计

介绍了X射线检测技术在安检领域的应用情况,讨论了背散射成像系统组成结构。提出2种可经过一次扫描获得背散射图像与透射图像的一体机模型,并且搭建了相应的实验平台,完成了透射和背散射成像获取实验。特别是在双源结构平台上对藏匿在箱包中的TNT、硝酸铵爆炸物与水作为检材的透射、背散射图像内容做了对比说明;分析了单源并联一体机透射图像分辨率低的问题,为进一步改进背散射透射一体机图像信号噪声比和图像分辨率指出解决方法。     

基于电子束扫描阵列微焦点射线源的倒置结构Micro-CT成像研究

倒置几何结构CT成像系统理论上具有扫描视场大、图像信噪比好、锥束伪影小等优点,但其多焦点、稀疏角的扫描模式亦会带来投影数据截断、稀疏和局部数据冗余等问题。本文利用电子束扫描阵列微焦点射线源和高分辨率小面积探测器等构建了一种新型高分辨率、大视场的倒置几何结构Micro CT实验系统(IG Micro CT)。针对该系统多焦点、稀疏角扫描模式下的投影数据截断和稀疏等特点,提出一种图像先验约束的全变分正则化SART迭代CT图像重建算法。首先通过仿真实验对图像重建算法进行了验证,并对阵列微焦点数量、旋转扫描分度数量等扫描参数进行优化,最后在IG Micro CT实验系统上获得了高分辨的Micro CT测试图像。实验结果表明,本文提出的算法适用于IG Micro CT系统,解决了投影数据截断、稀疏采样和局部数据冗余带来的条状等伪影问题,并验证了IG Micro CT这种新型成像方式的可行性。     

X射线线阵列探测器数字图像的非均匀性原因分析

在论述X射线线阵列探测器辐射数字成像系统的基础上，对X射线线阵列探测器辐射数字成像系统获取的图像的非均匀性产生机理进行了理论分析，并在理论分析基础上从测量和校正的角度对各种非均匀性产生因素进行了分类，以便对图像的非均匀性校正的方法及减小图像非均匀性产生的技术途径。     

阵列背散射成像有机物加亮效应的仿真分析

由于探测器对散射点所张立体角受到限制,在阵列背散射成像中实现有机物加亮效应相对困难.本文通过蒙特卡罗仿真方法,对这一问题进行研究,指出了实现或增强加亮效应的三种解决途径--改变探测器位置、改变探测器工作方式和选择合适的入射射线能量,并提出一种阵列背散射装置的构想.     

阵列康普顿背散射成像研究

分析了阵列康普顿背散射成像的技术难题及解决方案,利用MCNP程序对准直器及散射函数进行了蒙特卡罗模拟计算,采用反卷积方法实现图像的复原,得到了很好的成像效果。     

X射线背散射成像系统点扫描器设计

提出一种用于X射线背散射成像系统的新型跳点扫描器结构,描述了跳点设计原理,解释了孔对结构、计算了铜铅合金Cu Pb30材料的旋转内筒对噪声射线的屏蔽性能。在单射线源背散射/透射成像实验平台上获取了背散射与透射图像,验证了跳点扫描器的功能。分析了跳点扫描器带来的行不均匀性和锯齿效应以及图像分辨率和信号噪声比低的问题,进一步提出改进的跳线飞点扫描器设计方案。     

MURA编码辐射成像系统的解码方法

近年来,随着核辐射成像技术的发展及应用的需求,核辐射成像设备在高灵敏度、高分辨率、高信噪比以及携带方便等方面受到越来越多的关注,编码孔径准直器代替传统的平行孔和针孔准直器顺应了这种发展趋势,成为核辐射成像领域的研究热点。本文主要介绍一种新型便携式辐射成像探测系统中修正均匀冗余阵列(Modified Uniformly Redundant Arrays,MURA)编码孔径准直器的成像方法,研究其解码过程、校正方法和解码矩阵的算法:δ解码算法和精细采样平衡解码算法。在MATLAB环境下对两种解码算法进行了对比仿真,并对单个放射源与多个放射源情况分别进行了图像重建实验。实验结果表明,精细采样算法要比δ解码算法更能使成像系统对单源或多源进行清晰成像。     

450keV锥束CT系统的散射校正研究

在450keV锥束工业CT成像系统中,对投影数据进行适当的散射校正是一步重要的数据校正.结合国内外散射校正方法研究的现状,对一种用散射校正板来进行散射校正方法的原理和实现进行了深入的研究.实验结果表明,这种校正方法能够对450KeV锥束CT成像系统进行有效地散射校正.     

基于多准则神经网络优化的Compton背散射成像

详细阐述了基于散射能量谱的行扫描Compton背散射成像原理，将成像方程归结为一个大型非线性方程组，然后用基于多目标优化的神经网络来求出重建问题的解。数据模拟结果表明，所构造的神经网络对Compton背散射多准则成像是可行的，适于处理不适定重建问题。     

康普顿背散射成像中的有机物加亮效应研究

康普顿背散射成像技术与透射成像相比具有使有机物自动加亮的特点,因此更适合于对爆炸物、毒品等违禁物品的检测.本文通过蒙特卡罗仿真方法,分析了影响有机物加亮效应的若干因素(包括入射射线能量、被检物体尺寸、探测器大小与位置、探测器工作方式),为背散射成像系统设计提供了参考.     

一体化PET/MRI头部运动两种校正方法的对比

<正>电子发射断层成像(Position emission tomography,PET)/磁共振成像(Magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)问世以后,通过MRI获取扫描对象运动信息的准确度大为增加。为验证精确的运动信息条件下,基于响应线(Line of Response,LOR)的运动校正方法校正效果更为明显,我们对基于frame和基于LOR的两种头部运动校正方法的精度进行了对比研究。通过PET模拟数据完成两种校正算法的设计和结果比较,进而利用MRI成像速度快、图像质量高的特点,在上海联影医疗科技有限公司一体化PET/MRI上获取实验数据,通过配准MRI图像获取头部运动信息,并对PET数据进行运动补偿,实现对两种校正方法校正效果的验证和评估。通过对模拟和实验数据校正结果的定性定量分析,我们验证了PET/MRI环境中,基于LOR的方法,利用获取的高精度运动信息对于PET头部运动具有更好的补偿效果。     

Optics System Design of Microwave Imaging Reflectometry for the EAST Tokamak

A front-end optics system has been developed for the EAST microwave imaging reflectometry for 2D density fluctuation measurement.Via the transmitter optics system,a combination of eight transmitter beams with independent frequencies is employed to illuminate wide poloidal regions on eight distinct cutoff layers.The receiver optics collect the reflected wavefront and project them onto the vertical detector array with 12 antennas.Utilizing optimized Field Curvature adjustment lenses in the receiver optics,the front-end optics system provides a flexible and perfect matching between the image plane and a specified cutoff layer in the plasma,which ensures the correct data interpretation of density fluctuation measurement.     

Image quality evaluation of linear plastic scintillating fiber array detector for X-ray imaging

It is important to assess image quality, in order to ensure that the imaging system is performing optimally and also identify the weak points in an imaging system. Three parameters mostly leading to image degradation are contrast, spatial resolution and noise. There is always a trade-off between spatial resolution and signal to noise ratio,but in scintillating fiber array detectors spatial resolution is not as important as signal to noise ratio, so we paid more attention to contrast and SNR of the system. By using GEANT4 Monte Carlo detector simulation toolkit, some effective parameters of the linear plastic scintillating fiber（PSF）array as an imaging detector were investigated. Finally we show that it is possible to use this kind of detector to take CT and DR (Digital Radiography) image under certain conditions.     

Evaluation of simulation-based scatter correction for 3-D PETcardiac imaging

Quantitative imaging of the human thorax poses one of the most difficult challenges for three-dimensional (3-D) (septaless) positron emission tomography (PET), due to the strong attenuation of the annihilation radiation and the large contribution of scattered photons to the data. In [¹⁸F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) studies of the heart with the patient's arms in the field of view, the contribution of scattered events can exceed 50% of the total detected coincidences. Accurate correction for this scatter component is necessary for meaningful quantitative image analysis and tracer kinetic modeling. For this reason, the authors have implemented a single-scatter simulation technique for scatter correction in positron volume imaging. Here, they describe this algorithm and present scatter correction results from human and chest phantom studies     

Reconstruction method for fluorescent X-ray computed tomography byleast-squares method using singular value decomposition

We describe a new attenuation correction method for fluorescent X-ray computed tomography (FXCT) applied to image nonradioactive contrast materials in vivo. The principle of the FXCT imaging is that of computed tomography of the first generation. Using monochromatized synchrotron radiation from the BLNE-5A bending-magnet beam line of Tristan Accumulation Ring in KEK, Japan, we studied phantoms with the FXCT method, and we succeeded in delineating a 4-mm-diameter channel filled with a 500 μg I/ml iodine solution in a 20-mm-diameter acrylic cylindrical phantom. However, to detect smaller iodine concentrations, attenuation correction is needed. We present a correction method based on the equation representing the measurement process. The discretized equation system is solved by the least-squares method using the singular value decomposition. The attenuation correction method is applied to the projections by the Monte Carlo simulation and the experiment to confirm its effectiveness     

Investigation of OPET Performance Using GATE, a Geant4-Based Simulation Software

A combined optical positron emission tomography (OPET) system is capable of both optical and PET imaging in the same setting, and it can provide information/interpretation not possible in single-mode imaging. The scintillator array here serves the dual function of coupling the optical signal from bioluminescence/fluorescence to the photodetector and also of channeling optical scintillations from the gamma rays. We report simulation results of the PET part of OPET using GATE, a Geant4 simulation package. The purpose of this investigation is the definition of the geometric parameters of the OPET tomograph. OPET is composed of six detector blocks arranged in a hexagonal ring-shaped pattern with an inner radius of 15.6 mm. Each detector consists of a two-dimensional array of 8 × 8 scintillator crystals each measuring 2 × 2 × 10 mm(3). Monte Carlo simulations were performed using the GATE software to measure absolute sensitivity, depth of interaction, and spatial resolution for two ring configurations, with and without gantry rotations, two crystal materials, and several crystal lengths. Images were reconstructed with filtered backprojection after angular interleaving and transverse one-dimensional interpolation of the sinogram. We report absolute sensitivities nearly seven times that of the prototype microPET at the center of field of view and 2.0 mm tangential and 2.3 mm radial resolutions with gantry rotations up to an 8.0 mm radial offset. These performance parameters indicate that the imaging spatial resolution and sensitivity of the OPET system will be suitable for high-resolution and high-sensitivity small-animal PET imaging.     

Aperture Synthesis by Object Rotation in Coherent Imaging

Doppler processing is an established method for obtaining spatial resolution of objects which exhibit radial motion relative to an observing sensor. When applied to rotating objects, Doppler processing yields resolution in cross-range along an axis normal to both object rotation and line-of-sight axes. In this case, the cross-range resolution performance is dictated by the angular interval over which the data are observed and processed. This paper treats a tomographic extension of Doppler processing in the case of a rotating object (or a rotating planar array of point scatterers). It uses a stationary, continuous-wave (CW) irradiating source and sensor, co-located in the plane being imaged. The processing of data from a rotating object is shown to be equivalent to synthesizing an aperture which is a segment of a circle, however, processing over large angular rotations requires a focusing correction. Angular rotations up to and including 2? radians are considered. For this latter condition the system simulates an annular aperture which encloses the object. With this technique, high resolution may be obtained in all directions in the object plane without the use of a wideband signal, and equal point-objects separated by a quarter wavelength may be resolved. The imaging process provides high resolution for sparse arrays of objects of similar strength which are small in comparison to a wavelength. The imaging capability in the case of dense object arrays or large objects is limited and has a restricted dynamic range.