用于中子散射原位测试的便携式氢(氘)气反应装置

为适应氢(氘)化物中子散射测试需要，研制了1种便携式氢(氘)气反应装置。在设计上，考虑了性能、操作、维护、安全等因素，不但可进行p-c-T曲线测定等常规试验，且可用于中子衍射仪对吸放氢过程进行原位测定。为获取较高质量的原位衍射数据，研制了Ti-Zr零基合金和高Mn奥氏体钢样品室，并采用可拆卸式保压密封设计。用自行编制的计算程序对温度和压力等影响因素进行了校正，减小了系统误差，并实现了对压力和温度等参数的微机监控。装置已成功用于氢(氘)化物原位衍射实验。     

裂片核素在岩石中的迁移研究 Ⅰ.核素~(75)Se在花岗岩和石灰岩中的扩散行为

高水平放射性废物处置的主要方法是深埋在地质岩石中。在研究放射性核素随地下水穿过岩石缝隙网的迁移中,扩散法起着重要的作用。本文测定了~(75)SeO_3~(2-)在花岗岩和石灰岩(取自北京郊区)中的扩散系数,并详细叙述了实验技术和分析方法。     

现场X-γ剂量率仪测量软件设计

本文介绍了一种基于ARM/Android平台的现场X-γ剂量率仪软件设计,该系统用于现场环境中X-γ射线照射剂量的评估。系统采用ARM采集核信号、采用蓝牙通信实现远程数据采集、Android上位机软件分析图表显示采集点辐射水平及变化趋势。其通过修改参数以兼容多种不同探测晶体。该系统能够监测现场环境粒子放射性强度分布情况,为辐射现场放射性强度的安全测量提供一定保障。软件基于Android系统开发便于仪器的大范围推广。     

A High Speed Data Acquisition System for Fermilab Experiments

A high rate data acquisition system has been used to record some 40 million complex events in an experiment studying the hadroproduction of charm in Fermilab's Broad Band Neutral Beam. Event data is accumulated during the spill in large buffer memories without computer intervention through the University of Illinois Black Bin System. Between spills the memories are read by their FASTBUS ports to a PDP-11/45 for recording on magnetic tape. A sample of events is held for analysis by the program MULTI during the following spill.     

花岗岩单一裂隙中Na、Cu、U的迁移试验

花岗岩作为高放废物处置库的地质屏障,其所含裂隙形成大量"通道"为废物在地下水运移提供条件,研究其迁移规律可为管控高放废物等问题提供理论数据。试验使用自制花岗岩裂隙溶质迁移试验设备,进行了以Na、Cu、U为示踪剂的迁移试验,得出以下结论:(1)裂隙中各示踪剂随迁移距离增加,相对浓度峰值逐渐减小,峰面积逐渐增大,时间-相对浓度曲线"缩首"现象减弱且"拖尾"现象明显;(2)对比三种示踪剂迁移曲线发现,曲线"缩首"现象程度UNaCu,曲线"拖尾"现象程度CuNaU;推测出花岗岩对三种示踪剂阻滞作用CuNaU;(3)使用配线法分别求出Na、Cu、U的纵向弥散度分别为:0.084 2~0.107 7m、0.092 1~0.116 2m、0.095 8~0.133 7m;横向弥散度为:0.000 77m、0.000 66m、0.000 30m。     

高级微机ISA总线上的多功能接口板

介绍了一个应用于Pentium机型上ISA总线的接口电路，这个接口电路具有高速度，高可靠性的特点，是为光谱测量与能级寿命测量装置的控制及数据获取系统专门设计研制的。     

Multiple-User Data Acquisition and Analysis System

The nuclear physics program at the Brookhaven National Laboratory High Flux Beam Reactor (HFBR) employs a pair of PDP-11 computers for the dual functions of data acquisition and analysis. The data acquisition is accomplished through CAMAC and features a microprogrammed branch driver to accommodate various experimental inputs. The acquisition computer performs the functions of multi-channel analyzers, multiscaling and time-sequenced multichannel analyzers and gamma-ray coincidence analyzers. The data analysis computer is available for rapid processing of data tapes written by the acquisition computer. The ability to accommodate many users is facilitated by separating the data acquisition and analysis functions, and allowing each user to tailor the analysis to the specific requirements of his own experiment. The system is to be upgraded soon by the introduction of a dual port disk to allow a data base to be available to each computer.     

花岗岩氡析出影响因素研究进展北大核心CSCD

随着对氡气危害认识的加深,花岗岩作为生产、生活上接触较多的天然辐射来源,其氡析出特征对人居环境的辐射影响得到广泛关注。本文从岩石的原生特性和次生变化两方面对花岗岩的氡析出进行文献综述,发现花岗岩氡析出与岩石化学成分、矿物成分和成因类型等原生特性以及次生风化和蚀变导致的放射性核素分布、矿物颗粒大小以及岩石微裂隙等因素密切相关。研究表明,铀镭活度与花岗岩氡析出表现出线性相关,但受铀赋存矿物类型的影响,矿物成分的具体影响还需进一步研究,可能与其构造背景或者物质来源有关。岩石次生变化对花岗岩氡析出的影响主要表现为风化和蚀变使得放射性核素迁移到颗粒表面和岩石裂隙等有利于氡析出的位置,而颗粒变小比表面积增大以及岩石内表面积和孔隙率增加使得铀镭发生富集和逃逸,从而最终促进岩石氡的析出。岩石原生特性和次生变化对花岗岩的氡析出起着重要的影响作用,铀镭活度可以作为花岗岩氡析出率潜力的预测指标,而对于矿物成分和岩石的次生变化则是研究花岗岩氡析出的重要潜在因素。故此,未来需要系统研究并定量描述岩石化学、矿物成分和次生变化,并据此建立合理有效的岩石氡析出模型,帮助更全面地掌握岩石中氡析出规律,为地下工程及人居环境的氡防护提供理论依据。     

论高放废物地质处置库围岩

介绍了各国高放废物处置库的围岩类型,讨论了花岗岩、黏土岩、塑性黏土、凝灰岩和岩盐的基本特征及其工程特性。综合对比了各类围岩的有利条件和不足。研究表明,以花岗岩和黏土岩为围岩的处置库均能满足长期安全要求。针对中国花岗岩、黏土岩、凝灰岩、岩盐和黄土的分布特点,提出中国宜选择花岗岩为主攻方向,同时也可探讨选择产状平缓、厚度稳定的黏土岩的可行性。     

Real Time Diagnostic Data Acquisition System for the Doublet III Tokamak Fusion Experiment

The Doublet III data acquisition computer system acquires, archives, and processes over three megabytes of data from each shot of the experiment. A shot lasts 1-2 seconds and occurs every 5-6 minutes with 50-100 shots/day. The data acquisition system has been configured to efficiently handle the increasing quantity of data as new plasma instruments are added (five megabytes within a year) and to provide interactive capability during operations. The configuration is a dual CPU system with a dual port disk and bulk core memory. One CPU is devoted to acquisition and archiving while the other CPU is for analysis and interactive use. This system has enabled improved shot-to-shot processing of plasma data thus providing guidance to the physics operations team. A planned upgrade of Doublet III will require data handling of over 20 megabytes/ shot.     

基于瑞雷面波频散曲线反演的岩体力学参数求取方法

岩体力学参数是岩土工程中表征岩体力学性质的重要参数,应用二维傅里叶变换获得高信噪比的频散曲线,采用阻尼最小二乘法自动反演横波速度,进而计算岩体力学参数.结合内蒙古二连盆地瑞雷面波勘探实例,得到了动态岩体力学参数剖面,且在采集和处理参数选取合理的情况下,最大勘探深度可达120 m.相比于其他岩体力学参数测试技术,瑞雷面波法具有快速、高效、经济、无损的特点.     

花岗岩单裂隙中核素迁移的研究

研制了花岗岩单裂隙扩散实验装置，用＾１２５Ｉ、＾１３４Ｃｓ进行了核素扩散实验，求得扩散系数并测定了裂隙表面的放射性活度分布。     

用于激光打靶实验数据采集处理和管理的微机局域网系统

介绍了一套基于微机局域网的ICF综合实验数据采集和处理系统，从基本物理实验需求的分析到系统软硬件的选择，物理测试节点的入网和实验数据的共享和管理等方面阐述了其整个建立过程，给出了实用系统的结构和其应用情况。     

基于Qt框架的APV25数据采集系统研究

Qt框架是基于C++的跨平台可视化编程框架。本文采用APV25电子学前端卡、APVDS电子学数字化后端板和基于Qt框架的数据采集软件，开发了具有高通道数、高性能和高集成度的数据采集系统。该系统可跨平台使用并显示实时采样波形。数据采集系统最多可使用16块APV25前端卡、4个APVDS，通过千兆以太网经交换机与计算机连接。通过测试，该系统可在1 024通道下工作并实时显示采样波形，传输速率可达715 Mb/s，且测试中系统能以1.70 kHz的触发率在单次触发连续采样31个点模式下稳定工作。与原系统相比，显著提高了通道数量，简化了系统操作，提高了测量的效率与稳定性。采集系统未来可扩展通道数量为2 048，适用于大面积微结构气体探测器实验。     

Description and Performance of a VAX 11/750 - MBD Computer System at the University of Manitoba Cyclotron Laboratory

A data acquisition and analysis facility based on a VAX 11/750 computer interfaced to a CAMAC crate via a MBD-11 Branch Driver is described. Factors influencing the choice of the system and problems resulting from the specific choices, along with their resolution, are discussed. Finally, some performance figures for the data acquisition software, as well as an example of the type and complexity of the experiments which can be performed with the facility, are provided.     

Sorption behavior of thorium onto granite and its constituent minerals

The sorption behavior of thorium (Th) onto granite and its major constituent minerals, feldspar, quartz and mica were investigated by batch sorption experiments. Experiments were carried out under variable pH and carbonate concentrations. Distribution coefficients (K_d) decreased with increased carbonate concentrations and showed the minimal value at around pH 10. This sorption tendency was seen for all the rock and mineral samples, and it was due to the formation of aqueous hydroxo–carbonate complexes of Th in the solutions. The order of sorbability for Th was mica > feldspar > quartz ≈ granite. The sorption behaviors of Th were analyzed by the non-electrostatic surface complexation model with the Visual Minteq computer program. The K_d for granite were calculated by component additivity approaches. The model calculations were able to explain the experimental results reasonably well. It was shown that the sorption behavior of Th onto granite can be explained by the complexation with the surface sites of mainly biotite and feldspar.     

用微机化的PIXE方法测量薄样和厚样样品的元素含量

在ＩＢＭ微机上建立了ＰＩＸＥ实验的数据采集系统和数据分析系统，并对气溶胶等样品进行了ＰＩＸＥ实验分析研究，取得了满意的结果。     

基于CAN/USB总线的测氡仪多道数据采集系统

岩层塌陷过程壤氡α能谱异常规律研究中,在覆岩采动裂隙动态演变过程的监测监控方面,需要一种可靠、有效、易操作的方法和手段。就此问题提出了基于USB总线和CAN总线的测氡仪多道采集系统,通过CAN总线进行数据传输,实现了多节点通讯,提高了通信质量;同时,使用USB接口实现CAN总线网络与计算机连接和数据采集的解决方案。     

中子活化分析花岗岩中造岩矿物的稀土和微量元素特征

中子活化分析的主要特点是用量少而精度高,是研究颗粒细小、极难挑选的矿物地球化学特征非常理想的方法。采用该方法测定了江西某地花岗岩中的主要矿物钾长石、斜长石、石英、黑云母以及副矿物锆石、磷灰石等的稀土和微量元素。结果表明,从锆石、磷灰石、黑云母到斜长石、钾长石、石英的8∑REE的含量和微量元素的含量依次降低,这正是花岗岩结晶过程的反映：即先结晶出的矿物微量元素含量高。全岩的Eu异常主要受到黑云母(可能还有钾长石和斜长石)的影响。     

基于TKO－CAMAC的羊八井EAS阵列数据采集系统

本义介绍一个基于ＴＫＯ－ＣＡＭＡＣ数据采集系统，该系统采集坐落在西藏羊八井的广延空气簇射阵列数据，它是由ＴＫＯ－ＡＭＡＣ系列插件和ＰＣ－３８６微机组成。除此以外，它还包括一个激光标定检测系统及由原子钟和ＧＰＳ（全球定位系统）组成的定时系统。