岩土工程地质灾害防治技术及防治措施

在传统的岩土工程地质灾害防治技术及防治措施研究中,由于没有结合先进的科学方法,因此无法运用有针对性的岩土工程地质灾害防治技术进行有效的岩土工程地质灾害防治措施。针对这一问题,进行岩土工程地质灾害防治技术及防治措施分析。研究岩土工程地质灾害防治技术,提出六种防治技术减少岩土工程地质灾害的发生几率;做好岩土工程地质灾害防治措施,致力于推动该地区岩土工程地质灾害防治工作的进一步发展。     

矿山滑坡地质灾害形成的原因及其防治

本文针对矿山滑坡地质灾害形成的原因及其防治,结合理论实践,先分析了滑坡的作用因素,并提出防治滑坡地质灾害常用的技术和质量控制措施。分析结果表明,为保证矿山的安全性,需要全面掌握滑坡地质灾害的原因,并制定相应的防治措施,值得相关单位高度重视。     

水煤浆燃烧过程中的结渣机理与防治

对水煤浆燃烧的结渣机理进行了系统研究，并对影响水煤浆结渣的诸多因素进行了分析。提出改善耐火材料特性是防止水煤浆燃烧结渣最为有效的措施。对水煤浆技术具有很好的推动作用。     

高炉炉缸气隙的危害及防治

 从炉缸问题调查着手,通过大量理论计算指出了炉缸气隙的危害,并结合现场调查、施工和生产实践,分析了炉缸产生气隙的各种因素,最终提出了从设计、施工到高炉操作的这些炉缸长寿链上各关键环节系统防止炉缸气隙的有效措施,为高炉炉缸实现无气隙化操作、实现炉缸长寿提供了全面的解决方案。研究指出夹壳式冷却方式、热水烘炉、防止炉缸漏水是减小炉缸气隙最有效的措施。     

干熄焦锅炉异常爆管的原因分析及处理措施

介绍了干熄焦锅炉异常爆管故障的经过。通过对爆管部位、爆口宏观特征及爆管异常现象的综合分析,推断了爆管原因,并提出了相应地预防措施和应急处理措施。对同类型装置有很好地借鉴意义。     

AAEM minimonograph #47: normative data in electrodiagnostic medicine. ff

The purpose of this literature study is to gain an insight into the information available on epidemiological aspects, specific factors of risk, risk assessment instruments and preventive measures with respect to pressure sores with adult ICU patients. There are indications that the incidence of pressure sores in the ICU is higher than the average incidence of 3-10% in hospital populations. This higher incidence may be accounted for by specific risk factors, such as history before admission to the ICU, severity of the disease, the risk of prevention measures, the use of special medicine and the nutritional state. Also structural factors, such as the accessibility of prevention means and the unambiguous usage of the registration of pressure sores, play a part. Risk assessment instruments are used to quantify the risk of pressure sores in order to support or evaluate the decision concerning preventive measures. For the ICU risk assessment instruments have to be developed, in which the specific factors of risk are processed. Related to preventive measures the effect of turning and re-positioning the patient on the vital functions should further be investigated. If turning and re-positioning could be started as early as possible and in a responsible way, the demand for expensive measures, like special beds en special mattresses, will possibly decrease. The positive effect of these special beds on the prevention of pressure sores seams to be irrefutable.     

Sexually transmitted disease prevention: adolescents' perceptions of possible side effects

Forty-eight sexually active adolescents participated in an open-ended interview about the possible secondary consequences (side effects) of implementing measures to reduce the risk of contracting a sexually transmitted disease (STD). These adolescents noted 134 different consequences, which were grouped into 15 substantive categories. When four prevention measures (using condoms, being selective about sex partner(s), being monogamous, and abstaining from sexual activity) were analyzed, different patterns of consequences that were salient to these adolescents emerged. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding and improving adolescent decision making about STD prevention.     

Cardiovascular risk patient--how much prevention is necessary and rational?

Cardiovascular primary prevention may consist of strategies concerning the entire population (population strategy) or individuals at high risk for a cardiovascular event (high risk strategy). Clinicians are mainly involved in the identification and treatment of high risk individuals. Even more so, preventive measures should be focused on patients who are already affected by coronary artery disease (CAD) or other manifestations of atherosclerosis (secondary prevention). According to the beneficial effect anticipated by cardiovascular prevention, there should be a priority list guiding the therapeutic measures: first priority therapy should be reserved for patients with existing CAD, then persons without CAD symptoms at high risk for disease manifestation due to an accumulation of coronary risk factors (hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus, lack of physical activity, adipositas) should be treated. Third priority for preventive therapy for cardiovascular diseases is reserved for asymptomatic 1st degree relatives of CAD patients with an early onset CAD. Fourth priority have persons who are close relatives of high risk individuals, and fifth priority prevention is cardiovascular risk factor assessment in the general population. Estimation of the risk for future cardiovascular events is very important because it provides a rational basis for the necessity and relevance of a treatment strategy. In this review, several therapeutic options for cardiovascular prevention are described and discussed.     

长距离输水管道水锤防治措施的研究与运用

长距离有压输水管道应特别注意对水锤的防治,文章对白云矿浆管道和供水管道工程中供水管道的水锤防治措施进行了研究和运用,取得了成功,为今后其他长距离输水管道的水锤的防治提供了方向。     

限动芯棒连轧管机组轧制缺陷分析及措施

本文着重分析了限动芯棒连轧机轧制缺陷的产生原因、造成的后果及为避免发生缺陷应采取的相应措施。     

有色金属加工企业氯气事故原因与防范措施

剖析氯气管道系统、液氯钢瓶事故原因,根据氯气的特点提出了防范措施.     

Cholesterol and coronary heart disease: screening and treatment

The prevention of coronary heart disease would represent a major saving to the NHS. Systematic review of evidence relating to screening for CHD and its prevention suggests that blood cholesterol measurement on its own is a poor predictor of risk. The evidence suggests that lifestyle changes and drug treatments other than cholesterol-lowering drugs are the most cost-effective approach to prevention. Nurses should ensure that all risk factors are assessed and a range of preventive measures considered in situations where CHD is a potential risk.     

八一至泽当公路水土流失环境影响初步研究

在详细了解八一至泽当公路工程及工程区自然环境情况的基础上,结合工程前期设计成果,依照水土保持有关法律及规范,界定了本工程水土流失防治责任范围和防治分区,预测了工程建设可能产生的水土流失及危害,并提出了相应的分区防治措施建议。     

Present state of oxygen control in aluminum deoxidized steel

Review of the present state of ladle metallurgical measures for oxygen control of steel for continuous casting. Discussion of the prerequisites and measures for achieving low total oxygen contents. Study of the separation of deoxidation products and the prevention of reoxidation reactions. Suggestions for further necessary research and development work for improving the cleanliness of steel.     

转炉煤气回收中的回火事故分析及防治

对100t转炉煤气回收中的煤气回火事故进行分析，提出防止事故的改进措施，实施后预防事故的效果明显。     

Occupational health promotion in Germany--2: Prevention of musculoskeletal disorders

As a major part of a detailed study about worksite health promotion and disease prevention the standard of prevention programmes for musculoskeletal disorders was investigated. Only every 10th company doesn't offer such programmes. Within these programmes the prevention concept is based on a reduced narrow understanding of musculoskeletal disorders, mainly focussed on behavioural biomechanical risk factors. The organisational aspects of the programmes are well designed. The number of programme participants in relation to epidemiological measures is low. Scientific evaluation of the health benefits of the worksite health programmes is rare.     

Liver tumor ablation techniques

Decubitus ulcers are an important problem which must be known by health professionals in general and by nurses in particular. Its prevention is one of the basic care in Nursing. This care becomes especially relevant in patients who are admitted into Intensive Care Units. The objectives of the study are to know the incidence rate of patients who develop decubitus ulcers during their stay in the Unit and the proposal to introduce measures aiming to decrease its incidence. In general, the study proves that 17% of patients develop decubitus ulcers during their hospitalization and that 31.8% of patients who are catalogued as risk patients develop ulcers. The preventive measures introduced are the reassessment and application of prevention and treatment of decubitus ulcers protocols, the creation of improvement groups where these problems are approached, perfecting courses about decubitus ulcers, clinical sessions where strategies are unified, graphic divulging measures (notices, etc.) and antiscaric materials such as heelers, small cushions for head support, pillows, etc.     

Hygienic practices and acute respiratory illness in family and group day care homes

BACKGROUND: The Dutch guideline on hospital policy for the prevention of nosocomial spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) states that patients transferred from hospitals abroad must be placed in strict isolation immediately on admission to a hospital in the Netherlands. Three patients colonized with both MRSA and a multiresistant Acinetobacter were transferred from hospitals in Mediterranean countries to 3 different hospitals in the Netherlands. Despite isolation precautions, Acinetobacter spread in 2 of the 3 hospitals, whereas nosocomial spread of MRSA did not occur. METHODS: For outbreak analysis, the Acinetobacter isolates, identified as Acinetobacter baumannii by the use of amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis, were comparatively typed by 4 methods. Comparison of isolation measures in the hospitals was performed retrospectively. RESULTS: In the 2 hospitals in which nosocomial spread of Acinetobacter occurred, most of the epidemiologically related isolates were indistinguishable from the index strains. In these 2 hospitals, isolation measures were in concordance with those recommended for the prevention of contact transmission. The precautions of the hospital in which no outbreak occurred included the prevention of airborne transmission. CONCLUSIONS: Precautions recommended for multiresistant gram-negative organisms are insufficient for the prevention of nosocomial spread of multiresistant Acinetobacter. The airborne mode of spread of acinetobacters should be taken into account, and guidelines should be revised accordingly.     

The nurse as first assistant

The article covers epidemiologic analysis of medical staff health state, epidemiologic evaluation of biologic factor's influence (degree and character of) on clinical staff, detection of principal risk factors for being infected. The aim is to create a supervision system and to elaborate effective measures for occupational risk prevention in medical personnel. Organizing a goal-seeking and effective system for occupational risk prevention and health care in medical staff, one should consider specificity in each medical establishment and in each occupational task.     

Secondary prevention with college drinkers: Evaluation of an alcohol skills training program.

This study evaluated secondary prevention approaches for young adults (N?=?36, mean age 23 yrs) at risk for alcohol problems. Ss were randomly assigned to cognitive-behavioral alcohol skills training, a didactic alcohol information program, or assessment only. The skills program included training in blood alcohol level estimation, limit setting, and relapse prevention skills. All Ss maintained daily drinking records during the 8-wk intervention and for 1 wk at each follow-up. Repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) found a significant reduction over 1-yr follow-up in self-reported alcohol consumption for the total sample. For all drinking measures, the directional findings consistently favored skills training. Despite overall reductions, most Ss continued to report occasional heavy drinking. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)