光催化氧化处理造纸废水的试验研究

试验研究掺杂Fe和Ce 2种元素的改性TiO2光催化剂处理造纸废水的效果,并与未掺杂及单元素掺杂的TiO2光催化剂降解效果做了对比。试验结果表明：最佳反应条件下双元素掺杂的光催化剂对光的利用率最高,催化效果最好。原水样经过Fe和Ce双元素掺杂改性的TiO2光催化剂处理180 min后,脱色率在90%以上,CODCr去除率为83%,比未掺杂及单元素掺杂的催化剂活性有明显提高。     

双元素掺杂改性UV/负载型TiO_2处理真丝印染废水

试验采用Fe3+-Ce4+双元素复合掺杂改性TiO2光催化剂处理真丝产品的印染废水,考察了载体的煅烧温度、pH、反应时间、元素掺杂量等参数对双元素改性TiO2光催化剂的光催化活性的影响。试验结果表明:经过Fe3+-Ce4+双元素掺杂深度改性的TiO2光催化剂处理后出水色度去除率为98.7%、CODCr去除率为70%,比单一元素的改性处理工艺更有效。     

Cu2+/Ce4+/TiO2复合纳米微粒光催化降解农药废水的试验研究

试验采用Cu2+-Ce4+双元素复合改性负载型TiO2复合纳米微粒光催化剂处理农药废水,通过对载体的煅烧温度、pH、反应时间、元素量等指标分析了双元素改性过的TiO2光催化剂对自配得农药废水的色度和CODCr的去除的影响.试验结果表明:原水样经过Cu2+-Ce4+双元素深度改性的TiO2光催化剂处理后出水水质色度去除率为98.9％,CODCr去除率70.3％,改性效果明显.     

负载型掺杂TiO-2光催化剂降解城市有机废水的研究

采用微乳液法制备负载型纳米TiO2光催化剂,用Fe,La等元素进行掺杂。对淮南城市污水进行光催化降解,通过测定有机废水中化学需氧量(COD)去除率,对不同元素掺杂的TiO2的光催化效果进行分析。结果表明:掺杂Fe和La元素的催化剂的光催化效果最好,最佳掺杂量分别为0.2%和0.4%;催化剂投入量为3g/L,pH=4,紫外照射3h,降解率可达70%以上;催化剂可再生4次以上。     

纳米TiO2光催化剂的改性及其在废水处理中的应用进展

综述了近年来纳米TiO2光催化剂在表面贵金属沉积、表面耦合、表面敏化、掺杂和催化剂固定化等方面的改性研究;介绍了纳米TiO2光催化剂在对含油废水、药物废水、印染废水、造纸废水、表面活性剂废水、重金属废水和无机物非金属废水等处理过程中的应用;最后展望了纳米TiO2光催化剂的发展和应用前景.     

Fe2O3掺杂TiO2催化超声降解糠醛废水的研究

采用Fe2O3掺杂TiO2为催化剂,超声辐照为主要手段对实际糠醛废水进行了降解试验研究,考察了各种反应参数对糠醛废水降解效果的影响.结果表明,Fe2O3掺杂TiO2对糠醛废水的超声降解效果具有明显的辅助和提高.当超声波频率为40 kHz,功率为160 W,初始COD为1 128 mg·L-1,超声反应时间为1.5 h的务件下,糠醛废水的COD去除率为67%,而同样条件下,按质量浓度750mg·L-1加入1.0%Fe2O3掺杂量的催化剂TiO2,其超声降解废水COD去除率可达95%.     

纳米TiO2光催化降解直接冻黄染料的研究

以纳米TiO2作为光催化剂,紫外灯为光源,对印染废水中的直接冻黄G染料进行了光催化降解实验.讨论了COD的初始浓度、光照时间、纳米TiO2投加量、初始pH值和外加催化剂Fe3＋的用量等五个因素对COD和色度去除率的影响.正交实验结果表明：初始pH值和光照时间是影响光催化氧化反应的关键因素;在初始COD为144.67mg/L、Fe3＋投加量为6.72mg/L、纳米TiO2投加量为100mg/mL、pH6的条件下,经6h的照射,COD的去除率达到80%,色度的去除率达到98.5%.     

焦化废水中有机污染物的光催化处理

采用TiO2与粉末活性炭复合光催化剂（TiO2/PAC）对焦化废水中多种有机污染物进行了光催化处理。研究表明,TiO2/PAC对焦化废水中多种有机污染物的光催化处理具有良好的协同效应。将TiO2进行稀土掺杂后,可提高RE-TiO2/PAC对焦化废水中有机物的吸附能力。进一步考察了复合催化剂浓度、废水初始pH值、有机物（COD）的初始浓度、气体流量对最佳光催化剂Nd-TiO2/PAC处理焦化废水的影响。对COD初始浓度为385 mg/L、初始pH值为9.82的焦化废水,在气体流量为0.093 L/(L·min)、催化剂浓度4.0 g/L的条件下,经Nd-TiO2/PAC光催化处理90 min后,废水中的COD去除率可达89 %。     

辐射—蒙脱石负载改性的纳米TiO2联合技术处理造纸废水

研究了蒙脱石对造纸废水的吸附,以及单纯的辐照和空气搅拌下辐照废水对COD的影响,结果表明,COD的去除率在20%～30%之间。进一步研究了辐照联合蒙脱石掺杂改性的TiO2对造纸废水的影响。     

Fe_2O_3掺杂TiO_2催化超声降解染料工业废水的研究

以Fe2O3掺杂TiO2为催化剂、超声辐照为主要手段对染料工业废水进行了降解实验研究,考察了各种反应参数对染料废水降解效果的影响。结果表明,Fe2O3掺杂TiO2对染料工业废水的超声降解效果具有明显的促进作用。在超声波频率为45 kHz、功率为200 W、溶液初始pH为2.63、超声反应时间为150 min的条件下,染料工业废水的COD去除率为67%,而同样条件下,加入750 mg/L Fe2O3掺杂质量分数为1.0%的Fe2O3掺杂TiO2,其超声降解废水COD去除率可达92%。     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

几种针状焦性能对比

针状焦分石油系和煤系两大类,这主要取决于针状焦的原料来源。在同一系列中由于原料不同和工艺条件不同 ,针状焦的各自性能也不相同。针状焦是生产超高功率石墨电极和高功率石墨电极的主要原料 ,针状焦的性能对石墨电极的质量有至关重要的影响。所以对针状焦性能以及其对石墨电极质量影响的研究十分必要的。以下是常用的几种进口针状焦和国产针状焦的性能对比。１原料性能分析对比原料试样包括４种针状焦 ,其中两种为进口针状焦：三菱针状焦和新日化针状焦;另两种为国产针状焦：鞍山针状焦和锦州针状焦。其中除锦州针状焦是石油系针状焦外…     

用两个形状指数表征粉煤灰颗粒形貌的研究

引用两个形状指数表征颗粒形状的概念,即先将颗粒形状近似为椭圆,再将椭圆图像分离:以圆为基准的颗粒宏观形状指数δ;以光滑椭圆为基准的颗粒轮廓凹凸度,即微观形状指数ζ。分析和发展了近似椭圆模型。并运用图像分析仪对粉煤灰、水泥样品进行实验。结果表明,粉煤灰颗粒的两个形状指数δ和ζ都大于水泥颗粒。证明粉煤灰颗粒的球形度、表面光滑度优于水泥,而且,随着粒径增大,δ和ζ呈下降趋势,表明磨制颗粒越粗。(?)粒形状越不规则。文中还运用近似椭圆模型再现了颗粒的模拟图像。