核工业职业性照射个人剂统计与评价(1985—1990年)

本文介绍了核工业系统职业性照射个人剂量监测(1985—1990年)的概况和主要结果。统计结果表明,核工业各厂、院、所等单位放射性工作人员1985—1990年的外照射年集体剂量当量分别为29.88、26.95、19.16、14.26、9.08和9.22人·Sv;年人均剂量当量分别为4.98、4.66、3.65、2.79、2.40和2.27 mSv。对内照射个人剂量监测情况进行了简要介绍,给出了部分单位铀、钚、氚等核素的内照射剂量监测数据,各有关厂、院的年人均待积有效剂量当量均低于5.0 mSv。还概述了铀矿山职业性照射个人剂量监测结果。最后,对个人剂量监测数据作了初步的评价分析。     

摄入事故释放的混合裂变产物后关键组织内照射剂量的简便估算方法

本文参照ＩＣＲＰ３０号出版物关于内照射剂量的估算方法，对核事故后任何时间摄入组分未知的混合裂变产物时，关键组织（呼吸道和消化道）待积剂量当量的简易估算方法进行了尝试。给出了计算通式和核事故后１－７ｄ内单次（或持续）摄入单位活度（１Ｂｑ）所致关键组织的待积剂量当量。     

北京市医院核医学科工作人员内照射个人监测及剂量估算

报道了１９９５年北京市部分医院核医学科工作人员的归照射个人监测结果，并简要介绍了监测方法和剂量估算方法。共监测了２０个单位的１５７人，占北京市该类人员应监测人数的３／４以上。总的集体待积有效剂量当量为１．４×１０＾－２人；Ｓｖ年人均待积有效剂量当量为８．９×１０＾－２ｍＳｖ。被监测的全部工作人员年待积有效剂量当量均在年剂量限值的１／１０以上。     

同位素研制与生产人员内照射个人监测及剂量估算

对中国原子能科学研究院1995～2000年同位素研制与生产人员进行了内照射个人监测和剂量估算.监测结果表明,各年度工作人员的集体待积有效剂量当量为2.9×10-3～9.8×10-2人·Sv,年人均待积有效剂量当量为1.8×10-2～8.0×10-1mSv.1995～2000年6年间接受监测的总人数为873人,累积集体待积有效剂量当量为1.6×10-1人·     

两例天然钍内污染案例的报道

本文报道了Y男、C男两例生前从事含钍纱罩生产的死者的职业史和发病史,对他们生前或死后的全身钍含量进行了测定和估算。按ICRP30和23号出版物的建议分别算得Y男全身钍含量为5.338mg,待积有效剂量当量为0.29Sv;C男全身钍含量16.61mg,待积有效剂量当量为1.00Sv,均未达到ICRP规定的限值。     

北京市放射工作人员内照射个人监测及剂量估算

本文报道北京市从事１２５Ｉ标记的工作人员和各类型医院从事核医学的放射工作人员的内照射个人监测及剂量估算方法和结果。共监测了２８个单位的２３１人，其中，从事核医学的放射工作人员１５２人，从事１２５Ｉ标记的７９人。监测结果表明，受到内污染者共１３８人，占总监测人数的５９．７％；受到污染的１３８名放射性工作人员的年个人待积有效剂量当量在２．２×１０－３～２．２ｍＳｖ范围内；被监测的全体人员的集体待积有效剂量当量为２．２×１０－２人·Ｓｖ；人均待积有效剂量当量为９．５×１０－２ｍＳｖ；被监测的全部放射工作人员年待积有效剂量当量均在２．２ｍＳｖ以下。     

北京市从事^125I工作的人员甲状腺中^125I的监测及剂量估算

为了控制工作人员的内照射剂量水平，我们对北京从事＾１２５Ｉ工作的人员甲状腺中的＾１２５Ｉ进行监测，并估算了工作人员所受的内照射剂量。共监测８个单位，７９人，其中７８人有明显的＾１２５Ｉ内污染。所测到的甲状腺中＾１２５Ｉ滞留量为０．０１－６．３２ｋＢｑ。人均待积剂量当量为０．３５ｖＳｖ。总的集体待积剂量当量为２７．７人．ｍＳｖ。     

氧化钚污染手掌的临床处理

一例患者被氧化钚污染的铁丝刺伤,经初步去污后测知钚污染量为1.147×10~5Bq。在当地医院切除钚污染组织并进行了DTPA促排治疗。术后伤面残留钚量为7.03×10~3Bq。在初次手术后的第42天又对残留有钚的污染组织作广泛切除和肘滑车上淋巴结摘除术,伤面缺损以足嗻全厚皮片覆盖。术中及术后仍以DTPA促排治疗。在术后5个月、两年及三年时复查,并以DTPA局部及肌肉注射,伤面钚残留量由术后的111Bq逐渐降至83Bq、18.5Bq,最后降至仪器的本底水平。钚经伤口吸收的入血量为1.1×10~4Bq,事故后1000天经尿粪排出钚1.0×10~4Bq,占吸收入血量的90％,1000天时体内钚残存量0.1×10~4Bq待积有效剂量当量为1.3Sv。     

ICRP新肺模型及其对现行ALI的可能影响介绍

本文简要介绍了ＩＣＲＰ新肺模型，同时给出了文献中给出的几类具有不同溶解特性的放射性核素化合物由新肺模型与现行肺模型算出的吸入单位活度的肺的待积当量剂量及待积有效剂量的计算结果。并由这些结果分析了ＩＣＲＰ新肺模型对当前内照射年摄入量限值的可能影响。     

公众吸入混合裂变产物后内照射剂量的简便估算方法(以ICRP 1994年呼吸道模型为依据)

作者前曾参照国际放射防护委员会第３０号出版物（ＩＣＲＰ－３０）给出了摄入混合裂变产物后内照射剂量的简便估算方法。现根据ＩＣＲＰ１９９４年人类呼吸道模型,重新给出了这一估算方法。计算出衰变速率系数ｎ＝０．２～２．０时呼吸道与消化道靶组织所受的待积当量剂量及其所致的待积有效剂量。用１９９４年呼吸道模型计算的结果低于１９７９年新肺模型的所得结果。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

The preclinical pharmacological study of dopamine transporter imaging agent 18F-FP-β-CIT

The paper is to study pharmacologic characteristics of 18F-FP-β-CIT (18F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β- carbomethoxy-3β- (4-iodophenyl)nortropane) as an imaging agent for dopamine transporter. The radiochemical purity of 18F-FP-β-CIT in aqueous solution was over 95% after standing at room temperature for 4h. Biodistribution displayed rapid uptake in rat brain (1.375 %ID/organ at 5min and 0.100 %ID/organ at 180 min) and the striatal uptake was 1.444,0.731, 0.397, 0.230 and 0.146 %ID/g at 5, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min, respectively. The values of striatum/cerebellum,striatum/frontal cortex and striatum / hippocampus in rat's brain at 30 min were 3.38, 2.17 and 2.40 respectively. The uptake in striatum can be blocked by β-CFT, suggesting that 18F-FP-β-CIT binds to DAT peculiarly. The compound was rapidly cleared from monkey's blood. The striatal uptake was bilaterally decreased in the left-sided lesioned PD rats, compared with normal control. Brain PET imaging studies in normal monkey showed that 18F-FP-β-CIT was concentrated in striatum. The test of undue toxicity showed that the dose received by mice was 1250 times as by human, which indicates that 18F-FP-β-CIT is very safe. So 18F-FP-β-CIT is a promising PET imaging agent for DAT with safety and validity.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 16(2014)

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Radioactivity levels in soil of salt field area,Kelambakkam,Tamilnadu,India

Soil samples in and around salt field area have been analyzed for natural radioactivity concentration using gamma ray spectrometer.The activity concentration for ~(232)Th,~(238)U and ~(40)K are ranged from 27.88 to 45.27 Bq/kg, from BDL to 13.30 Bq/kg,and from 135.54 to 381.28 Bq/kg,respectively.The measured activity concentrations for these radionuclides were compared with world average activity of soil.The average activity concentration of ~(232)Th in the present study is 1.19 times higher than world median value while the activity of ~(238)U and ~(40)K is found to be lower. The absorbed dose rates due to these radionuclides were calculated.The average absorbed gamma dose rate due to the presence of ~(232)Th,~(238)U and ~(40)K in soil samples is 36.99 nGy·h~(-1).These results indicate no radiological anomaly. The data presented in this study will serve as a base line survey for primordial radionuclides concentration in the study area.