基于DELMIA的民机内饰虚拟维修仿真与评价方法

目的 针对传统民机内饰维修困难且成本大的问题,构建民机虚拟维修仿真与评价体系,提出基于DELMIA的虚拟维修仿真与评价优化方法。方法 首先对维修任务仿真动作进行分解,并对维修操作阶段进行划分,根据不同阶段动作进行特性分析,完成操作区的划分;其次针对不同区域再次进行维修动作类型的划分,按照不同类型分别进行虚拟仿真操作;再次基于DELMIA仿真结果中提取的关键帧进行各指标分析,得到单项评估的结果;最后基于MATLAB平台完成上述多种人机因素的综合评估权重向量并计算出各关键帧结果,输出人机工效综合评估可视图和报告,给出可优化方向。结果 依靠项目支撑对某型号民机内饰行李箱维修仿真进行案例验证,表明该方法能够系统地完成民机内饰典型部件的维修仿真分析任务,并给出明确的维修优化方向。结论 新方法体系的提出有助于民机内饰虚拟维修仿真的效率及综合评估可靠性的提高。     

基于价值工程的民用飞机维修目标成本分配

基于价值工程相关理论,利用模糊综合评价方法确定民用飞机各系统或部件的功能评价值,进而确定民用飞机各系统的成本系数,进行目标成本分配。文章寻求民用飞机维修目标成本分配的新思路,对现实工作具有指导和借鉴意义。     

基于EAHP-FCE方法的民机修理级别确定模型

针对民机维修工程分析中修理级别分析（level of repair analysis,LORA）的研究,在民机维修保障体制特点的基础上综合考虑经济性和非经济性两个因素,对各类影响民机修理级别的评价因素进行综合分析。应用可拓层次分析法（extension analytic hierarchy process, EAHP）与模糊综合评价法（fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, FCE）建立了一种民机修理级别综合评价模型,并采用灰色关联分析法对比验证了模糊评估结果。在模型求解中,利用区间数取代点的值构建判断矩阵,求解各层次指标权重,采用模糊综合评价法求得模糊关系;将指标权重与模糊评估矩阵进行线性结合以求解复杂的多因子包容方程,归一确定最优方案;通过关联系数分析法对比验证可行性方案与理想方案的关联度。通过实例对提出的模型进行了验证,结果表明方案V₃为最佳方案,即修理级别为基地级,与工程文件中的指导基本一致,说明该模型有效可行。所建立的民机修理级别确定模型完善了修理级别分析理论,能够为航空制造商和航空公司在飞机设计和使用阶段对飞机修理级别确定提供参考。     

综合利用率评估的民机结构维修间隔确定方法

确定结构维修间隔是民机结构维修大纲中的关键内容之一,民机利用率对维修间隔制定的合理性有很大影响。基于环境损伤条件下的民机结构,通过分析不同利用率下影响金属结构环境损伤的指标的敏感性,提出了民机结构维修间隔与利用率匹配模型。在该模型中,应用序关系分析法-属性重要度相结合的组合赋权方法,对不同利用率下影响金属结构环境损伤的指标进行组合权重评估,确定金属结构环境损伤的总等级,并根据环境损伤等级-维修间隔回归方程确定了不同利用率下的民机结构维修间隔,最后采用灰色关联分析法验证了不同利用率下各指标评价值与理想值的关联度。以某型飞机中央盒段上壁板内表面维修间隔确定为例,对所提出的模型进行验证分析,利用模型得到的维修间隔与维修审查委员会报告（maintenance review board report,MRBR）规定相比偏小,鉴于该文件规定的为最低工程要求,从而确定该维修间隔满足要求,证明了模型的有效性。研究成果表明,建立的民机结构维修间隔与利用率匹配模型的适用性较强,可以有效解决国产飞机结构维修大纲中维修间隔确定时利用率考虑不足的问题,具有较高的工程应用价值。     

Method for determining maintenance interval of civil aircraft structure combined with assessment of utilization ratio

One of the core contents of the civil aircraft structure maintenance outline is determining the maintenance interval of structure. The utilization ratio has a great influence on the rationality of the maintenance interval. Based on the structure of civil aircraft under environmental damage,a matching model of maintenance interval and aircraft utilization ratio civil aircraft structure was established by analyzing the sensitivity of indicators that affect the environmental damage of metal structures under different utilization ratios. In this model, the combined-weighting method combined the rank-correlation analysis with the attribute-importance was applied to evaluate the combined weight of the indicators affecting the environmental damage of metal structures under different utilization ratios, and the total level of environmental damage of metal structures was determined. The maintenance interval of civil aircraft structure under different utilization ratios was determined based on the damage grade-maintenance interval regression equation. Finally, the grey correlation analysis method was used to verify the correlation between the evaluated value and ideal value of each factor under different utilization ratios. Taking the maintenance interval determination of the upper wall inner surface of the central box section in a certain aircraft as an example, the proposed model was verified and analyzed. The maintenance interval obtained by the model was inferior to the maintenance review board report (MRBR) regulations. In view of the minimum engineering requirements specified in this document, it was determined that the maintenance interval met the requirements, which proved the validity of the model. The research results indicate that the matching model of maintenance interval and utilization ratio of civil aircraft structure has strong applicability, and it can effectively remedy the problem of inadequate utilization ratio consideration in the maintenance interval of domestic aircraft structural maintenance outline, and has high engineering application value.     

基于着色Petri网的钢结构施工过程仿真研究

根据着色Petri网理论,利用着色token代表不同的资源,并通过分级建模的方法,建立钢结构施工过程的仿真模型;以实验数据为依据确定模型中的随机变量,通过仿真运算得到施工工期、设备利用率以及施工中各资源数量对两者的影响程度等数据.利用这些数据,可对工程的施工工序及资源配置等进行优化处理.     

基于有色Petri网的产品协同开发过程建模方法研究

产品协同开发过程具有层次性、分布性、离散性和动态性等特点,采用合理方法构建其有效的过程模型成为协同开发过程管理与优化的基础性条件.将有色Petri网(CPN)技术引入产品协同开发过程建模中,针对性地提出了产品协同开发过程CPN模型的描述性定义;并从协同开发特点出发,为支持基本过程逻辑的描述由工作流原语定义了基本网模型结构;为了描述复杂协同关系,结合模块化方法及库所变迁性质给出了扩展网模型结构的构建方法.该方法实现了将协同开发过程关系从基本到复杂都能映射到相应CPN网上,并通过实例进一步说明了该方法的有效性.     

基于熵权-TOPSIS方法的民机直接维修成本分配模型

民机直接维修成本分配是飞机研制阶段一项重要的经济性设计环节,本文对民机维修成本的分配方法进行研究。应用熵权-TOPSIS（technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution）方法确定类似机型设计参数的权重,再利用加权距离计算机型的相似度,建立了一种新的民机直接维修成本分配模型。通过实例分析,文中方法所得结果比功能分解法和函数逼近法更为精确,效果良好。     

民机高升力系统状态机建模仿真及测试校准

对某型民机高升力系统的系统接口和控制逻辑进行分析,利用状态机建模工具对该系统进行了建模,同时对原模型进行了修正和优化。仿真验证和系统试验结果一致。该建模方法使得系统状态流程变得简单、清晰,同时提高了测试及校准效率,为后续系统开发,特别是嵌入式机载软件的实现,提供了清晰的状态流程和测试校准过程参考。为状态机系统相关研究奠定了一定的基础。     

Modeling and Simulation of Electrical System in More Electric Civil Aircraft Considering Faults

Based on the integrated design and airworthiness verification of civil aircraft system,this paper completes the simulation modeling and fault modeling of aircraft electrical system. The aircraft electrical system is constructed in the form of dual generators and dual-channel power supply. The main power supply adopts the three-stage power generation system,the auxiliary power supply system uses the permanent magnet synchronous power generation system and a battery. The transmission and distribution system is responsible for the electrical power conversion and the logic control in the system fault-pattern. The simulation results show that the system is reasonable and effective,which provides a reference for the optimal design and control of the actual aircraft electrical system.     

Use of Petri Nets to Model the Maintenance of Wind Turbines

With large expansion plans for the offshore wind turbine industry, there has never been a greater need for effective operations and maintenance. The two main problems with the current operations and maintenance of an offshore wind turbine are the cost and availability. In this work, a simulation model has been produced of the maintenance process for a wind turbine with the aim of developing a procedure that can be used to optimise the process. This initial model considers three types of maintenance—periodic, conditional and corrective—and also considers the weather in order to determine the accessibility of the turbine. Petri nets have been designed to simulate each type of maintenance and weather conditions. It has been found that Petri nets are a very good method to model the maintenance process because of their dynamic modelling and adaptability and their ability to test optimisation techniques. Because of their versatility, Petri net models are developed for both system hardware and the maintenance processes, and these are combined in an efficient and concise manner. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Workshop Scheduling Based on a Rule-restrained Colored Petri Net and the Development of a Scheduling System on the Internet／Intranet

In the paper, the gap between theoretical research and practical applications of workshop scheduling is analyzed. According to practical application requirements, the traditional Petri net is expanded and a Rule-restrained Colored Petri Net(RCPN) is put forward to model workshop activities. Then, the architecture of the workshop scheduling system based on RCPN is presented. Finally, the scheduling system that adopts a 3-layer B/S/D mode is developed on the Internet/Intranet by using the Web database and lava.     

复合材料在新一代大型民用飞机中的应用

新一代大型民用飞机机体结构的突出特点是广泛采用复合材料。总结了复合材料在大型民用飞机中的发展,其用量已经从1980年整机质量的4%上升到目前的50%,并广泛应用于主承力结构和复杂曲面结构。以波音787和空客A350飞机为例,分析了波音和空客公司复合材料的应用情况,发现复合材料不仅减轻了飞机的结构质量,提高了飞机结构的使用寿命,降低了飞机的维护费用,而且可以增加舱内压力和空气湿度,提高民用飞机的经济性、舒适性、环保性。复合材料取代金属和非金属等常规材料制造结构件已经成为世界民机制造业的主流趋势,这对中国自主研制的大型民用飞机的市场竞争力提出了严峻的考验,为此提出了中国在研制大型民用飞机时应用复合材料应注意的一些问题。     

Petri网在包装印刷生产中的应用

首先对包装印刷生产进行了分析,针对包装印刷生产的离散事件特性,本文运用广义随机Petri网(GPN)和基于活动扫描的调度方法对包装印刷生产线进行了建模仿真,分析仿真结果得到系统的多项性能指标数据,从而对系统进行优化,并进行了实例分析.     

Aspects of TBC service experience in aero engines

The frame conditions to apply advanced materials technologies in aero engines are envisaged from view point of an aircraft operator and performer of allocated maintenance repair and overhaul activities. Main targets are the reliable operation of the parts, the steady ecological improvement during operation and the reduction on overall cost per flight hour based on increased knowledge. The application of Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs) may contribute to reach these goals. They may – for example – add to optimised operation by reducing fuel consumption and by protecting important engine parts. The principles of a long term engine parts operation and repair philosophy are outlined to clarify the property requirements for reliable engine operation. Typical TBC‐protected components within actually operated civil aero engines are described. Silicate deposition on a HTP Blade and erosive attack of TBC is introduced exemplarily. A repair sequence to counteract surface degradation is introduced.     

Multiagent-based modeling for re-entrant manufacturing system

Re-entrant flow manufacturing system is a typical mix of different process types, sequence-dependent setup times, very expensive equipment, and re-entrant flows. A multiagent-based modeling technology for re-entrant manufacturing system was addressed. The model of Agent-based Colored Timed Petri-Net (ACTPN) is constructed, which consists of the material flow net model and the interactive protocol model. In the material flow net, the interior behavior of machine agent was encapsulated and it was separated into the system layer, machine group layer and machine agent layer to form a hierarchical multiagent-based model, which reduced the complexity and improved the reusability of the model. In the view of modeling methodology of the interactive protocol net, the transforming rule from Agent Unified Modeling Language (AUML) to ACTPN was given so as to map the AUML model to ACTPN model. In the view of the analysis method of the interactive protocol net, it was integrated with a reachability graph to check the liveness and bound properties of interactive protocol model. A distributed discrete event simulation platform to evaluate the performance of the multiagent-based re-entrant manufacturing system was built. An illustrative example of a 6-inch semiconductor fabrication line in Shanghai demonstrates the effectiveness of the approach proposed.     

某型装备载车系统维修性人机工程设计研究

目的 某型装备载车系统为依据机动使用要求设计的特种车辆,为契合任务需要,在一定程度上提高其使用可用度,针对其维修性需求进行分析。方法 通过建立以维修性核心评价指标为中心的人机工程设计参数体系,确定“简化及模块化设计、良好的可测试性及可达性、具有完善的防差错和识别标记的设计、保证维修的安全性”等人机工程设计原则,并对常用系统建模方法,如PETRI网、IDEF、UML和eEPC等进行比较,选用事件驱动过程链(eEPC)方法进行建模。结论 通过收集统计该型装备载车系统试验及试用阶段维修性相关数据,运用eEPC的流程模型开展针对性的分析与讨论,提出对其维修性人机工程设计改进的措施与建议,实现缩短其预防性维修时间、修复性维修时间,提高应急反应速度和装备任务可靠性。     

民用飞机舱室环境研究现状与思考

针对影响舱室环境的热环境、空气质量、人机工效和噪音四项核心环境要素,分析了国内外在标准制定和技术研究方面的技术现状与发展趋势。在标准制定方面,国外的民机舱室环境标准相对完善,在民用飞机舱室关键环境要素的技术研究方面,国外已开展了大量研究工作,在民用飞机舱室演示验证的技术研究方面,国外相关研究机构建立了大规模的地面模拟验证设备,并在长期的研究工作中积累了大量的基础验证数据。基于国内外发展差距分析及未来多电飞机发展趋势,分析了未来民机舱室环境的重点研究方向,为国内舱室环境控制系统方案论证和工程研制提供技术支撑。