4109航空润滑油流变特性的分析及计算

在改进的拖动力试验装置上，对4109国产航空润滑油进行了不同条件下的拖动系数的测量；通过对试验数据进行回归分析求得了平均极限剪切应力与剪切弹性模址的值并拟合出了经验计算公式。基于TJ弹塑性流变模型对该油的拖动力进行了计算。结果表明拖动力的计算值与试验测量值非常接近，从而证明了对该油流变特性分析的合理性。上述拖动力计算的公式可用于滚动轴承动态设计的软件中。     

修正的T-J模型分析高速航空润滑脂7018的拖动特性

在自行研制的高速润滑剂拖动特性试验台上对高速航空润滑脂7018进行拖动特性的试验,得出了该润滑脂的拖动系数随速度、温度、负载的变化规律;根据试验数据推导出润滑脂的流变参数;基于修正的T-J模型,求出高速航空润滑脂7018拖动力的大小。结果表明:根据修正的T-J模型计算出的高速航空润滑脂7018的拖动系数和试验值非常接近;高速航空润滑脂7018在试验条件下表现为弹塑性,拖动系数随着滚动速度的增大而减小;当载荷小于转折载荷时,随载荷的增加拖动系数增加,当载荷大于转折载荷时,随载荷的增加拖动系数减小。     

高速润滑脂7007和7018拖动特性的研究

阐述了用自行设计的高速润滑脂弹流拖动力试验台在充分供脂条件下国产7007和7018润滑脂进行的拖动力测试，获得了不同载荷，速度条件下的两种润滑脂的拖动系数与滑滚比之间关系曲线，通过对试验数据的处理，采用适当的数学模型和国际通用的无量纲参数作为表达式，提出了可供工程上使用的这两种润滑脂的弹流拖动系数计算公式。     

两种航空润滑油润滑性能对比研究

利用ASTM D4636标准氧化安定性模拟氧化装置,对国产某型航空润滑油和进口航空润滑油50-1-4Φ在不同温度下进行模拟氧化试验,对比分析氧化后2种润滑油的运动黏度、抗磨性能和承载能力的变化规律。结果表明:在175℃氧化温度以下,2种润滑油的运动黏度均比较稳定,仅随温度小幅增加,可以长期使用;在200℃氧化温度以上,2种润滑油的运动黏度随温度变化幅度较大,均不能长期使用;在超高温度环境中,航空润滑油可能出现黏度下降的情况,将不利于流体润滑油膜的产生,其中国产某型航空润滑油更能适应短时间的超高温环境;氧化作用对2种润滑油的抗磨性能影响不大,氧化后的国产某型航空润滑油抗磨性能略高于50-1-4Ф;氧化作用有利于2种润滑油承载能力的提高,氧化后的国产某型航空润滑油的承载能力比50-1-4Ф更强。     

航空螺旋锥齿轮断油润滑状态研究

对航空螺旋锥齿轮断油工况进行分析,根据断油工况计算润滑油的初始啮合温度并建立螺旋锥齿轮断油润滑分析数学模型;通过编程得到断油情况下不同载荷、不同速度的接触区油膜厚度、压力和温度分布情况;分析油箱油量、断油时间、齿轮转速3个主要因素对断油润滑状态特别是中心油膜温度的影响。结果表明:航空螺旋锥齿轮在断油情况下,啮合产生的热量使油箱润滑油温度提高,在数值计算时需要对初始温度进行修正;随着油箱内润滑油量的增加,接触区润滑油温度降低;随着断油时间和齿轮转速的增加,润滑油温度逐渐升高,但升高速度逐渐减慢;齿轮转速和断油时间对接触区温度的影响大于润滑油量的影响。     

航空润滑油粘温特性动态数据库的建立

建立了航空润滑油粘温特性动态数据库。该数据库具有查询、计算、绘图、比较、维护和设置温度步长等多项功能,可通过设计的4条查询渠道查到各种国产主要航空润滑油在0~100℃的粘度,以及各种润滑油粘度计算公式中的各个参数;可计算给定温度下的粘度;可比较多种油之间的粘温特性以及单种油在不同温度下的实验粘度和计算粘度。     

两种航空润滑油高温氧化条件下抗泡性能对比分析

为探讨润滑油在高温高压等苛刻工况下的抗泡性能,以某型国产航空润滑油和进口酯类航空润滑油为研究对象,采用高温模拟氧化装置在175～290℃下进行氧化试验,测定不同温度下氧化后油样的100℃运动黏度和酸值,利用GC/MS分析油样氧化组分和主要产物,并分别对高温氧化油样的泡沫特性和空气释放值进行测定。试验结果表明:2种航空润滑油的黏度随着氧化温度的升高先增大后减小,且均在250℃达到黏度的最大值,但进口油由于极性分子间作用力的存在,其黏度值更加稳定;进口油在氧化温度过高时发生水解和热氧化,导致其酸值在高温下急剧增大,因而腐蚀性明显差于国产油;国产油在起泡倾向和空气释放性能方面均比进口油差,这是由于国产油中的PAO分子的表面聚合以及高温氧化条件下表面活性吸附层的形成,均增大了起泡倾向,并延长了空气释放时间,进而导致抗泡性能变差。     

汽车发动机正时链系统噪声特性分析

汽车发动机配气正时机构的噪声是发动机机械噪声的主要来源之一,直接关系到发动机的动力性能。通过发动机缸盖反拖系统试验台,进行了润滑油温度、润滑油压力、曲轴转速等在不同交叉组合条件下的噪声特性测试,提出了获取正时传动噪声特性的新的试验手段和方法,试验过程专注于正时传动链条以及凸轮轴的机械噪声,与其他形式的链传动噪声试验相比,更加接近于正时链系统实际运行的工况。研究表明,通过改变张紧器油压和润滑油温度能够有效降低正时传动系统整体噪声水平,对正时传动系统的研发具有重要参考价值。     

某型国产与进口航空发动机润滑油泡沫特性对比研究

针对某型国产航空润滑油代替进口航空发动机润滑油50-1-4Ф后,存在的滑油系统压力下降明显并存在明显波动的问题,采用滚子轴承模拟试验装置对该型国产与进口航空发动机润滑油的高温抗泡性能进行对比研究,同时考察2种润滑油基础油聚α-烯烃(PAO)与癸二酸二异辛酯(DOS)之间高温抗泡性能的差异。结果表明:同一氧化温度下国产航空润滑油及其基础油PAO高温抗泡性能明显差于进口50-1-4Φ航空润滑油及其基础油DOS;不同氧化温度下2种成品油与其基础油的抗泡性能变化趋势基本一致,表明润滑油的抗泡性能主要取决于其润滑基础油。因此国产航空润滑油存在的油压不稳的问题,极有可能是其采用的非极性基础油聚α-烯烃(PAO)抗泡性能明显差于进口油品使用的是极性基础油DOS导致的。     

一种中低速轴承润滑脂的拖动特性及其模型研究

利用自行设计的润滑剂弹流拖动力试验台,模拟轴承实际工况对一种复合磺酸钙基脂进行拖动力测试以及拖动曲线的分析,利用传统的Teaarwerk-Jonson(T-J)弹塑性模型和一种四参数指数模型对试验数据进行拟合和回归分析,讨论适用于该复合磺酸钙基脂的拖动特性预测模型。结果表明:该润滑脂在中低速、重轻载下具有优良的润滑特性,其拖动系数随载荷的增大而变大,随滚动速度的增大而减小,拖动曲线的线性区斜率在高速时基本一致;在工况载荷较大时,T-J模型拟合结果存在较大误差,说明其不适合拟合存在明显热效应的拖动曲线;四参数指数模型对整体实验数据的拟合精度较高,可以用来研究这种润滑脂的拖动特性。     

Traction Forces at Solid-Lubricated Rolling/Sliding Contacts

A single-element traction rig was used to measure the traction forces at a solid-lubricated contact of a ball against a flat disk at room temperature under combine rolling and sliding. The load and speed conditions were selected to match those anticipated for bearing applications in adiabatic diesel engines. Traction vs slide/roll ratio curves were similar to those for liquid lubricants but the traction forces were an order of magnitude higher. The test data were used to derive equations to predict traction force as a function of contact stress and rolling speed. The data showed that the magnitude of traction forces were almost the same for all the lubricants tested. The lubricants, should, therefore, be selected on the basis of their ability to limit the wear of contact surfaces.     

Investigation into the traction coefficient in elastohydrodynamic lubrication

The elastohydrodynamic traction coefficients of two Chinese aviation lubricating oils were investigated for various loads, rolling velocities, and lubricant inlet temperatures using a self‐made test rig. Traction coefficient versus slide‐to‐roll ratio curves were generated. The concept of critical load varying with the lubricant temperature is proposed. This paper presents a new empirical formula for the dynamic performance design of high‐speed rolling bearings, that relates traction coefficient with normal load, rolling velocity, and lubricant inlet temperature. The coefficients of the formula may be computed by regression analysis of the experimental data. Two example calculations are presented. The predicted results from the formula agree well with experimental observations.     

Traction Characteristics of High-Temperature Powder-Lubricated Ceramics (Si3N4/αSiC)

As part of a high-temperature, dry-lubricated bearing technology and lubricant system development program, a high-speed, high-temperature disk-on-disk tribometer was utilized and a matrix of traction data covering a range of load, speed and temperature was obtained. The influence of dry powder lubricants, TiO₂ and MoS₂, on the traction coefficients between two ceramic materials, Si₃N₄ and SiC, was investigated. The most important results of this investigation are characteristic curves for the traction coefficient vs. the slide/roll ratio with dry powders which are reminiscent of fluids, and the observation of dry powder lubricants' lower traction coefficients and wear. Measured tractions are found to be a strong function of powder lubricant type and values decrease moderately with slide-to-roll ratio and load. The data, show a weak sensitivity to temperature.     

圆弧齿轮热弹性流体动力润滑数值解

根据圆弧齿轮啮合点具有二维表面速度的点接触弹流模型，在变网格下联立求解能量方程、雷诺方程和弹性位移方程等，获得了齿面接触区内的温度、压力和润滑膜厚度分布。计算考虑了润滑剂粘度和密度随温度压力变化和挤压膜效应等因素。用恩瑞模型进行了齿面摩擦分析，讨论了工况变化对齿轮润滑性能的影响。结果表明：在中等载荷或转速时，圆弧齿轮的润滑膜厚度是渐开线齿轮的3倍以上，而齿面摩擦因数比渐开线齿轮小近一个量级；圆弧齿轮沿齿宽方向的滚动速度对润滑膜性态起主导作用，沿齿高方向的滑动速度对润滑膜温升及膜厚影响不大；齿面挤压膜效应对压力分布有一定影响。     

凹坑路面条件下飞机地面牵引载荷的仿真分析

为了保证飞机地面牵引的安全性,运用虚拟样机技术模拟牵引系统经过地面凹坑时飞机牵引载荷的变化,有效的预测飞机经过加油管地沟时拖把与飞机连接处牵引载荷和前起落架下阻力臂载荷的变化。基于Catia和Adams软件,建立了拖车-飞机系统模型,结合Boeing737-800的实际数据进行仿真分析实验。仿真实验表明拖把与飞机连接处牵引载荷和前起落架下阻力臂的受力载荷一般随着地面凹坑宽度、高度和牵引速度的增大而增大,且经过加油管地沟第二个边缘比第一个边缘时下阻力臂与缓冲支柱连接处的载荷变化较大。     

牵引传动研究综述

牵引传动是一种性能优越的传动.牵引传动可分为固定速比传动(FRT)和连续变化速比传动(CVT).牵引传动需要一定的正压力,产生正压力的方法可分为恒压式和自动式.自动加压的牵引装置有多种多样.由于现有牵引介质的牵引能力不够大,我们提出用磁流体牵引代替弹流体牵引的设想,以提高牵引传动的牵引能力.     

The Effect of Lubricant Traction on Scuffing

This paper presents the results of a disc machine gear simulation investigating the influence of lubricant traction characteristics and formulation on the load at which scuffing occurs. Scuffing theories in general link the onset of scuffing to the amount of heat generated in the contact and the authors hypothesized that reduced heat generation with low traction lubricants should lead to an increase in scuffing load. The study compared low traction PAO-based lubricants with mineral oils in basestock, antiwear and EP formulations and at both high (>6) and moderate (approximately 1.2) specific film thickness, λ. At λ > 6, the benefits of the synthetics over their mineral counterparts ranged from 25 percent to 220 percent and at λ ? 1.2, the benefits were a uniform 40 percent. It was particularly interesting to observe that the antiwear PAO-based oil gave a similar scuff load per unit contact width to an EP mineral gear oil. In addition, it was shown that scuffing load decreased with increasing traction coefficient to the power of approximately ? 1.85, close to the ?2.00 power predicted by the frictional power intensity concept. The agreement with flash temperature theory, with a predicted power of ?1.33, was less close.     

HA-自动变量马达在行走机械上的应用

介绍了采用HA控制方式的变量原理及负荷转矩、马达排量、牵引力的计算方法。通过计算及工地测试,证明采用了HA-自动变量马达的行走液压系统能根据负载的变化自动调节行走速度,保证牵引力符合施工要求,提高传动效率和生产率。     

Temperature,flow, and eccentricity measurements in a journal bearing with a single axial groove at 90° to the load line

Parametric experiments were conducted to analyse the influence of some supply conditions on the performance of a steadily loaded journal bearing. The temperature distribution on the internal surface, the flow rate, and the bearing eccentricity were measured for different sets of operating conditions, under variable supply conditions. Quantitative information was provided which showed the effect of both shaft speed and applied load on maximum bush temperature and flow rate. It was observed that flow rate was moderately affected by load and significantly affected by rotational speed, oil supply temperature, and supply pressure. The maximum bush temperature was moderately affected by supply pressure and load, and significantly affected by shaft speed. For low applied loads, the attitude angle was markedly affected by supply pressure. The experimental results also showed that for a small groove length there was a variation in bush temperature in the axial direction in the groove region.