A Compact Wideband Bandpass Filter Using Transversal Resonator and Asymmetrical Interdigital Coupled Lines

A compact wideband microstrip bandpass filter using transversal resonator and asymmetrical interdigital coupled lines is proposed in this letter. A wide passband is first constructed using transversal signal-interference technique, resulting a pair of transmission zeros at each side of the desired passband. By driving this transversal resonator with two asymmetrical interdigital coupled lines at two sides, five extra transmission zeros are generated in the lower/upper stopbands with excellent dc-choked property, thus making up a wide passband with improved out-of-band performance. This wideband microstrip filter is then designed, implemented and experimented. Good insertion/return losses, flat group delay and good out-of-band rejections are achieved as demonstrated in both simulation and experiment.     

Octave-Band Microstrip DC Blocks (Short Papers)

The design of octave-bandwidth microstrip interdigital dc blocks is presented. Data for a 7.75- to 16.3-GHz design are given and correlated with an approximate equivalent circuit based on even and odd mode propagation in coupled microstrip. Additional data are tabulated reflecting the ability to shift the frequency band of operation.     

Capacitive-Ended Interdigital Coupled Lines for UWB Bandpass Filters With Improved Out-of-Band Performances

This letter presents a novel ultra-wideband (UWB) microstrip bandpass filter on a microstrip line with improved out-of-band performances. A multiple-mode resonator (MMR) is first constituted to equally allocate its first three resonant frequencies in the 3.1–10.6-GHz UWB band. Two capacitive-ended interdigital coupled lines are then formed to assign their transmission zero towards the fourth-order resonant frequency of this MMR, thereby suppressing the first spurious passband. Moreover, two outer arms in the interdigital lines are properly tapered to compensate the phase imbalance or group delay near the UWB upper-end relying on extra capacitive-ended stubs. And finally, two UWB filters with one- and two-MMRs are designed and implemented to experimentally demonstrate the improved out-of-band performances, i.e., widened/deepened upper-stopband and sharpened rejection skirts outside the UWB passband.     

一种微带交指型滤波器的改良型设计

论述了用Ansoft公司的Designer微波设计软件设计一种改良型的微带交指型带通滤波器。描述了微带交指型滤波器的设计方法,通过实例对这种改良型的微带交指带通滤波器进行了计算机最优化仿真设计,并给出了优化结果。微带交指型滤波器结构紧凑、指标优良,是微波混合集成电路中常见的形式,原理上是由1/4波长平行耦合线滤波器的谐振器折叠而成。     

Microstrip Interdigital Hairpin Resonator With an Optimal Physical Length

In this letter, we report a novel microstrip interdigital hairpin resonator by having the parallel coupled lines in a conventional miniaturized hairpin resonator replaced by an interdigital capacitor. Equations are derived in order to design the resonator with an optimal physical length. It will be proved that the novel resonator can achieve even more size reduction than the conventional miniaturized hairpin resonator owing to the employment of the slow-wave structure. Finally, a four-pole cross-coupled bandpass filter using the optimal resonator is fabricated as verification     

A planar-lumped model for coupled microstrip lines anddiscontinuities

A convenient model for analyzing coupled microstrip line discontinuities is presented. A planar-lumped model similar to the planar waveguide model for single microstrip lines is developed for coupled microstrip lines. Fields underneath the two strips and those fringing at the outer edge are modeled by two equivalent planar waveguides. Electric and magnetic field coupling in the gap region is modeled by a lumped network. The lumped network parameters are evaluated such that [C] and [L] matrices for the model are identical with those for coupled lines. The model is verified by comparing coupler characteristics with those obtained by the conventional coupled line analysis. Just as the planar model of a single microstrip has been used for characterizing microstrip discontinuities, the planar-lumped model developed is used for coupled line discontinuities. Examples given include coupled microstrip sections with chamfered bends located at right angles to single microstrip lines, for which the results are in good agreement with experimental values     

Edge-based finite/infinite element modelling of circular and buried microstrip lines

This paper provides a solution to the dispersion characteristics of various unconventional microstrip lines such as circular and buried microstrip lines. Also, microstrip lines on a substrate with a continuous permittivity profile are considered. Single microstrip lines as well as coupled microstrip lines are analysed. The arbitrary shapes and inhomogeneous properties of these structures are analysed using edge-based infinite elements with three components of the electric field. The infinite element has linear and quadratic shape functions, in the shared segment direction, for the transverse and axial components, respectively. Any decaying function can be assumed in the radial direction for all components. This approach provides a direct solution for the propagation factor and eliminates the spurious solutions. Use of the boundary conditions for perfect conductors at the planes of symmetry reduces the matrix size of the problem. Numerical results are given to show the validity and usefulness of this method.     

Compact microstrip bandpass filter using both ?/2 and ?/4 resonators

A design procedure for a composite filter having interdigital input and output sections, separated by a ?/2 resonator, is outlined. Results from a prototype filter show improved characteristics by comparison with purely interdigital or parallel coupled filters. The passband is in closer agreement with theoretical predictions than is usual for microstrip interdigital filters.     

Backward directional coupler for weak coupling of double-sided microstrip lines using longitudinal double-slots

A backward directional coupler for double-sided microstrip lines is presented. Aligned microstrip lines are coupled via two parallel slots in the common ground plane. This design works well for weak coupling smaller than 20 dB and has some advantages over the single-slot coupler. Geometrical dimensions of the proposed coupler design are presented for coupling values of 20, 25 and 30 dB, together with measurements for a 30 dB coupler.     

Characterization of V-groove coupled microshield line

A new membrane supported air-filled V-groove coupled microshield has been investigated using finite element method. The even- and odd-mode characteristic impedances and the effective dielectric constants have been computed. The dependence on various dimensions has been studied. The crosstalk levels between adjacent lines have been compared with that in coupled microstrip lines, coupled microstrip lines with lateral ground planes, and V-groove structures with and without metallization in the groove.     

Characteristics of Coupled Microstrip Transmission Lines-II: Evaluation of Coupled-Line Parameters

This part of the paper presents the parameters of coupled microstrip lines which are required in the equations and results derived in Part I for determining the characteristics of coupled lines. Several geometries are considered and the inductive and capacitive coupling coefficients, the effective dielectric constant, and the characteristic impedance for various dimensions of these geometries are presented.     

Complex modes in shielded suspended coupled microstrip lines

The existence of complex modes in electrically shielded suspended coupled microstrip lines has been studied extensively, and the results are presented. A rigorous full-wave spectral-domain approach (SDA) with a newly proposed and tested set of basis functions can efficiently and accurately determine the propagation characteristics of the dominant, higher-order, and complex modes for planar or quasi-planar transmission lines. These basis functions are validated by comparing the convergence study of field solutions with those obtained by various sets of preconditioned bases and by the unconditioned subdomain ones. Excellent agreement is obtained for the propagation constants and the normalized complex longitudinal and transverse current distributions on conducting strips for the strongly coupled microstrip lines. For all the particular case studies discussed, it is shown that the complex modes may exist in all the shielded suspended coupled microstrip lines, even when the substrate dielectric constant is low. Theoretical results for the fundamental, higher-order, evanescent, and complex modes are presented for suspended coupled microstrip lines     

Full-Wave Analysis of Inside Cylindrical Microstrip Lines by Finite Element Method

In this paper, a full-wave analysis using finite element method is presented to investigate the dispersion characteristics of inside cylindrical microstrip lines, which are essential to the design of some conformal microstrip circuits in millimeter wave bands. Numerical results of frequency-dependent effective dielectric constants are given for different structural dimensions and dielectric constants of substrate. Some useful conclusions are derived for the design of the special conformal microstrip lines.     

A frequency-domain approach to interconnect crosstalk simulation and minimization

A frequency-domain approach to efficiently simulate and minimize the crosstalk between high speed interconnects is proposed in this paper. Several methods for modeling coupled microstrip transmission lines are discussed. Several possible simulation strategies are also considered. A straightforward yet rigorous frequency-domain approach is followed. This approach can be used for linearly and non-linearly terminated microstrip coupled lines, since it exploits the harmonic balance technique. A typical example of microstrip interconnects is simulated and the results are compared with those obtained in previous work by other authors using time-domain methods. The simulation method proposed in this work yields good accuracy. A crosstalk minimization problem is formulated and solved following the method proposed.     

Design of Microwave Oscillators and Filters Using Transmission-Mode Dielectric Resonators Coupled to Microstrip Lines

A more detailed model for the transmission-mode dielectric resonator coupled between microstrip lines is given. Novel design approaches for parallel feedback oscillators and bandpass filters are discussed. For oscillators, the design mainly takes into account zero phase shift loop considerations, as in the classical low-frequency approach. Oscillators of this type may offer low phase noise. For filters, the spatial separation between dielectric resonators favors multipole designs. Using the same microstrip layout, different shapes and bandwidths may be obtained by simple tuning.     

Planar Ultra-Wideband Bandpass Filter Using Edge Coupled Microstrip Lines and Stepped Impedance Open Stub

The design and implementation of a planar ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter are presented. Three interdigital edge coupled microstrip lines are used for coupling enhancement. A stepped impedance open stub is used for realizing transmission zeros simultaneously in upper and lower stop bands as well as impedance matching in ultra-wide pass band. A pass band from 3.1-10.6 GHz is achieved with an insertion loss of 0.5 dB, a return loss of about 18 dB, a sharp out-of-band-rejection, and a low group delay of only 0.21ns. Single- and double-section filters are realized to meet the UWB mask requirement. The design of the filter is simple, and it shows good frequency response.     

非平行微带线间的串扰抵消研究

非平行微带线是印刷电路板(PCB)上不可避免的互连结构。针对PCB 上非平行微带线间的串扰问题,用平行微带线近似非平行微带线,把平行耦合微带线间的串扰抵消方法应用到非平行耦合微带线中,提出了利用耦合传输线信道传输矩阵方法来进行远端串扰抵消,在对非平行耦合传输线信道传输矩阵进行特征值分解的基础上构建串扰抵消电路。仿真了非平行微带线间夹角分别为q=3°、5°、10°时的串扰,结果表明,该方法可以有效改善非平行微带线上信号眼图的质量,串扰抵消效果良好。     

Analytically determined quasi-static parameters of shielded or openmulticonductor microstrip lines

An exact analytical expression for the capacitance matrix of a shielded or open multiconductor microstrip structure is derived by solving the system's dual integral equations by constructing a Volterra boundary-value problem (BVP). The solution is expressed in terms of infinite matrices with very good convergence properties. This new approach uses a series of Bessel functions rather than trigonometric series to approximate the solution which results in an efficient algorithm. Simplified formulas are given for the even and odd capacitance of symmetric coupled microstrip lines and compared to the results given by the finite analytical solution available in this particular case. Numerical examples demonstrate that the method yields accurate results and is computationally effective for structures having a large number of conductors     

Characterization of picosecond pulse crosstalk between coupledmicrostrip lines with arbitrary conductor width

The propagation and crosstalk properties of picosecond electrical pulses along coupled microstrip lines with arbitrary strip widths are investigated. The current distributions and propagation constants of the dominant c- and π-modes in these asymmetric coupled striplines are calculated using the spectral domain approach; and the full-wave analysis results obtained are incorporated into a fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm to simulate pulse distortion and crosstalk in the coupled transmission lines. Several samples of asymmetric coupled microstrip lines are fabricated and their characteristics are measured. The results of experiments are found to be in good agreement with those of computer simulations. For the first time, rigorous results of picosecond pulse distortion and crosstalk in asymmetric coupled transmission lines are provided     

Asymmetrically-loaded interdigital coupled line for wideband microstrip bandpass filters with good out-of-band performance

An asymmetrically-loaded interdigital coupled line is proposed for design of wideband microstrip bandpass filters with good out-of- band performance. This interdigital coupled line with three fingers is formed by stretching one of two outer arms with one two-stage open-ended stub. Its characteristics are analysed in terms of admittance matrix to exhibit simultaneous emergence of extra transmission zeros in lower and upper stopbands. A wideband filter with two half-wavelength resonators is then designed and fabricated. Measured results show low-loss wide passband in the range 2.95-5.15 GHz and highly attenuated stopbands at DC to 2.2 GHz and 6.6-10.0 GHz, respectively.