Mo对NbCr2/ Nb合金组织及性能影响

采用机械合金化+热压工艺制备了NbCr_2/Nb-XMo (X=0,2.5,5.0,7.5,10, at%)合金,研究了合金元素Mo对NbCr_2/Nb合金组织及性能的影响。结果表明:合金元素Mo主要存在于Nb基体中,对合金的物相不产生明显影响,合金仍由Nb固溶体和NbCr_2组成;Mo的添加使得NbCr_2/Nb的相界面处应力增加,导致NbCr_2颗粒中的层错/孪晶的密度增加,并促进了Nb基体中位错的运动,从而使得NbCr_2/Nb合金在保持高强度的同时,具有良好的塑性和韧性。     

NbCr_2/Nb合金高温蠕变行为

采用机械合金化+热压制备了成分为Nb-22.5at.%Cr的细晶NbCr_2/Nb合金。通过Gleeble 3500型热模拟机上的恒应力压缩试验,研究了合金的高温蠕变行为,并采用透射电子显微镜观察了合金变形前后的组织。结果表明:NbCr_2/Nb合金的稳态蠕变速率随应力的增加和变形温度的升高而加快,1000℃和200 MPa条件下,NbCr_2/Nb合金的稳态蠕变速率为9.0×10-5s-1,1000℃下的应力指数为4.36,而200 MPa下的蠕变激活能为510.7 kJ·mol-1。蠕变变形过程中,Nb基体中位错的滑移、攀移和Laves相NbCr_2中的同步剪切是蠕变变形的主要方式;随着变形温度升高,Nb基体颗粒有形成亚晶的趋势,且两相颗粒界面处应力增大,Laves相NbCr_2颗粒中层错/孪晶密度增加。     

NbCr_2/Cr合金的高温蠕变行为

通过恒应力压缩试验,研究了成分为Cr-12Nb的细晶NbCr_2/Cr合金的高温蠕变行为。结果表明,NbCr_2/Cr合金的稳态蠕变速率随应力的增加和变形温度的升高而加快;Cr基体中位错的滑移和Laves相NbCr_2中的孪生是蠕变变形的基本方式;Cr基体的动态再结晶和NbCr_2相的同步剪切是合金蠕变抗力降低的主要原因。     

Laves相NbCr2/Nb两相合金高温流动应力行为及本构关系建立

采用Gleeble-3500型热模拟试验机对机械合金化+热压工艺制备的Laves相NbCr_2/Nb两相合金进行等温恒应变速率压缩实验,研究合金在800～1200℃,0.001～0.1s~(-1)条件下的流动应力行为,并分别基于双曲正弦函数型Arrhenius方程和逐步回归法建立合金的本构关系。结果表明,Laves相NbCr_2/Nb两相合金的韧脆转变温度在950～1000℃之间。当温度≤950℃时,合金尚未达到屈服就已发生断裂;当温度≥1000℃时,合金呈现出较好的塑性变形能力。合金流动应力随变形温度增加和应变速率降低而降低。合金在1050～1200℃、0.001 s~(-1)和1150～1200℃、0.01 s~(-1)条件下呈现流动稳态型特征;在1000℃、0.001 s~(-1),1000～1100℃、0.01 s~(-1)和1000～1200℃、0.1 s~(-1)条件下呈现流动软化型特征。基于双曲正弦函数型Arrhenius方程建立的峰值流动应力本构关系和应变补偿本构关系的平均绝对相对误差AARE分别为9.89%和13.859%;基于逐步回归法建立的全实验条件下的本构关系、流动应力稳态型曲线本构关系和流动应力软化型曲线本构关系的平均绝对相对误差AARE分别为8.63%、5.28%和6.83%。所建立的几种本构关系,可为Laves相NbCr_2/Nb两相合金的锻造工艺制定、锻造设备吨位选择以及锻造过程有限元数值模拟提供理论依据和基础数据。     

Ti_2AlC/TiAl(Nb)复合材料热变形能力

采用Gleeble3500热模拟试验机对Ti2AlC/TiAl(Nb)复合材料进行高温压缩实验,实验温度范围为1000℃～1150℃,应变速率范围为10-3s-1～10-1s-1,工程压缩应变为50%,得到复合材料高温压缩真应力-真应变曲线。结果表明,Ti2AlC/TiAl(Nb)复合材料的高温变形流变应力对温度及应变速率敏感;流变应力随应变速率的增大而增大,随温度的升高而减小,可用位错-颗粒交互作用模型解释复合材料的应力-应变行为;Zenner-Hollomon参数的指数函数能够较好的描述该合金高温变形时的流变应力行为。建立的本构方程为ε=9.31×1011[sinh(0.0044σ)]2.52exp[-366.2/(RT)],其变形激活能为366.2kJ/mol。     

铸造Mg-4Al-2Sn-Y-Nd镁合金的热压缩行为与加工图

利用热压缩实验研究一种新型的具有优异室温塑性的Mg-4Al-2Sn-Y-Nd镁合金的高温流变行为,变形温度为200～400℃,应变速率为1.5×10-3～7.5 s^-1。结果表明：合金的应变速率敏感因子（m）在不同变形温度下均明显小于AZ31镁合金的m值,因此该合金适合在高应变速率下进行热加工。在真应力-应变曲线基础上,建立Mg-4Al-2Sn-Y-Nd 镁合金高温变形的本构方程,并计算得到合金的应力指数为10.33,表明合金在高温下主要的变形机制为位错攀移机制。同时,利用加工图技术确定合金的最佳高温变形加工窗口,即变形温度在350～400℃之间,应变速率在0.01～0.03 s^-1。     

Al-6.1Zn-2.8Mg-1.9Cu-0.25Cr合金的热压缩变形行为

在Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机上对Al-6.1Zn-2.8Mg-1.9Cu-0.25Cr铝合金进行高温等温压缩实验,研究该合金在变形温度为300 ～ 500℃、应变速率为0.01～1 s-1条件下的流变行为,建立合金高温变形的本构方程,采用TEM分析变形过程中合金的组织特征.结果表明:合金变形抗力随变形温度的升高而下降,随应变速率升高而增大.在360 ～400℃范围内变形时,合金组织仅发生动态回复,当变形温度高于400℃以后,合金热变形以动态再结晶为主.应变速率在0.01～1 s-1范围内,不影响合金的变形软化机制,但对合金亚结构的影响较大,随应变速率的增加,位错密度增加,亚晶尺寸减少.此合金适宜的变形条件为变形温度380 ～400℃、应变速率0.1 s-1.     

冷轧对TiNi合金组织及力学性能的影响

在室温下对TiNi合金进行轧制,采用OM、XRD、DSC、TEM等分析检测技术,研究了冷轧变形量对TiNi合金显微组织演变、力学性能的影响规律,探讨了合金变形的微观机制。结果表明：TiNi合金在冷轧变形过程中,组织发生了B2奥氏体相向B19’马氏体相的转变;随变形量的增加,组织的不均匀变形增加,出现了纳米晶和非晶相。冷轧后的TiNi合金在拉伸过程中仅表现出奥氏体相、马氏体相的弹性变形和塑性变形阶段,应力诱发马氏体相变阶段消失,表现为连续屈服过程。TiNi合金在不同的应变阶段具有不同的变形机制：当应变量为0<ε≤0.3时,合金的主要变形机制为位错滑移;当应变量ε>0.3时,合金以孪生和位错滑移相结合的变形机制进行变形。     

热变形条件对2124铝合金流变应力和显微组织的影响

采用Gleeble热模拟试验机对2124铝合金进行热压缩试验,通过分析合金在高温塑性变形过程中的流变应力变化规律,以及利用光学显微镜和透射电镜观察合金在热变形过程中的显微组织演变,探讨了不同变形温度和应变速率对合金热塑性变形能力的影响。结果表明,2124铝合金在热变形中的流变应力稳态值随热变形温度的升高或应变速率的减小而增大,可用双曲正弦形式的本构方程来描述热变形条件和流变应力的关系,合金的变形激活能为170.13 k J/mol。在较低变形温度或较高应变速率下,热变形后合金组织中存在大量位错缠结和位错墙,软化机制主要为动态回复。随变形温度的升高或者应变速率的降低,该合金组织中出现了再结晶晶粒,软化机制逐渐向动态再结晶转变。     

热压缩变形对Al-1Mg-1.0Si-0.5Cu-0.2Zr合金组织的影响

利用Gleeble-1500热模拟机对Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金进行高温压缩变形模拟实验,分析了变形温度、应变速率和应变量对显微组织的影响。结果表明:在应变速率和应变量一定时,变形温度较低时(380、430℃),合金变形带中未出现明显的再结晶晶粒,且有大量的位错杂乱的缠结在第二相粒子周围,形成位错塞积;变形温度较高时(480、530℃),变形带间出现了许多动态再结晶晶粒,晶粒的数量随着温度的升高而增加同时位错数量显著减少。在合金变形温度为480℃、应变量0.76时,再结晶晶粒随着应变速率升高,其数量有所增加而平均尺寸有所减小,再结晶程度增强。当合金在较低温度、较高应变速率和较小应变量下变形时,Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金主要软化机制为动态回复;在变形温度较高,应变速率较低,应变量较大时,合金的动态软化机制主要是动态再结晶。     

Effects of K2O-Li2O doping on surface and catalytic properties of Fe2O3/Cr2O3 system

The effects of K₂O and Li₂O-doping (0.5, 0.75 and 1.5 mol%) of Fe₂O₃/Cr₂O₃ system on its surface and the catalytic properties were investigated. Pure and differently doped solids were calcined in air at 400-600 °C. The formula of the un-doped calcined solid was 0.85Fe₂O₃:0.15Cr₂O₃. The techniques employed were TGA, DTA, XRD, N₂ adsorption at −196 °C and catalytic oxidation of CO oxidation by O₂ at 200-300 °C. The results revealed that DTA curves of pure mixed solids consisted of one endothermic peak and two exothermic peaks. Pure and doped mixed solids calcined at 400 °C are amorphous in nature and turned to α-Fe₂O₃ upon heating at 500 and 600 °C. K₂O and Li₂O doping conducted at 500 or 600 °C modified the degree of crystallinity and crystallite size of all phases present which consisted of a mixture of nanocrystalline α- and γ-Fe₂O₃ together with K₂FeO₄ and LiFe₅O₈ phases. However, the heavily Li₂O-doped sample consisted only of LiFe₅O₈ phase. The specific surface area of the system investigated decreased to an extent proportional to the amount of K₂O and Li₂O added. On the other hand, the catalytic activity was found to increase by increasing the amount of K₂O and Li₂O added. The maximum increase in the catalytic activity, expressed as the reaction rate constant (k) measured at 200 °C, attained 30.8% and 26.5% for K₂O and Li₂O doping, respectively. The doping process did not modify the activation energy of the catalyzed reaction but rather increased the concentration of the active sites without changing their energetic nature.     

Fe3O4/SiO2/Bi2WO6磁性复合光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

钨酸铋(Bi₂WO₆),结构最简单的Aurivillius相化合物,是近期受到研究者关注的新型光催化材料。然而,光催化剂粉末在反应介质中难被回收,工业化应用成本较高。本文用三步方法合成了可回收的Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/Bi₂WO₆磁性复合光催化剂,通过溶剂热法合成具有磁性的Fe₃O₄,用溶胶凝胶法在Fe₃O₄表面覆盖SiO₂层,后将磁性颗粒与Bi₂WO₆纳米片相结合。光催化剂的形貌结构及性能通过XRD、SEM、PL、UV-vis进行表征测试。结果表明,直径约500 nm的Fe₃O₄微球附着在边长约500 nm的Bi₂WO₆纳米片的表面,SiO₂在两者之间起到了粘连作用。光催化剂Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/Bi₂WO₆对于罗丹明B的光降解活性较好,且有一定磁性,可以通过外加磁场将其从溶液中分离,有较大的应用潜力。     

钕的添加对V2O5-MoO3/TiO2平板式脱硝催化剂性能的影响

本研究制备了一系列不同Nd含量的V₂O₅-MoO₃-Nd₂O₃/TiO₂平板式脱硝催化剂。采用XRD、N2-吸附脱附、XPS、H2-TPR、拉曼光谱、NH3-TPD和红外光谱等表征手段对催化剂进行分析。结果表明:适量的Nd2O3(0.25%、0.5%,质量分数)可以增强V₂O₅-MoO₃/TiO₂催化剂的还原性能,增加了催化剂的Oα/(Oα+Oβ)比率,从而提升了催化剂的脱硝活性。然而,过量Nd₂O₃(0.75%、1%)的添加,会导致催化剂酸性性能的显著降低,造成催化剂脱硝性能的下降。此外,过量Nd的添加还会对催化剂的耐磨性能有负面影响。各催化剂中,VMoN d(0.5%)/Ti催化剂显示了最佳的脱硝活性。并且,该催化剂还显示了优良的抗SO₂、H₂O性能。     

废旧锂离子电池中Li, Fe和V的回收及xLiFePO4-yLi3V2(PO4)3的制备

由于LiFePO_4和Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3材料的特征相近,制备方法类似,提供了一种从废旧LiFePO_4和Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3混合电池中回收Li、Fe和V,再制备xLiFePO_4-yLi_3V_2(PO_4)_3的方法。在空气气氛中600℃热处理1h后,去除粘结剂PVDF使活性物质与集流体分离。调节Li、Fe、V和P摩尔比,球磨、锻烧,配制不同比例的xLiFePO_4-yLi_3V_2(PO_4)_3(x:y=5:1,7:1,9:1)复合电极材料。表征了其形貌、结构和电化学性能,结果表明,回收制备的复合材料将同时具备LiFePO_4和Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3两种材料的电化学性能,能显著改善LiFePO_4的倍率性能。     

Preparation and characteristic of spherical Li3V2(PO4)3

Spherical Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ was synthesized by using N₂H₄ as reducer. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that single-phase, spherical and well-dispersed Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ has been successfully synthesized in our experimental process. Electrochemical behaviors have been characterized by charge/discharge measurements. The initial discharge capacities of Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ were 123 mAh g⁻¹ in the voltage range of 3.0–4.3 V and 132 mAh g⁻¹ in the voltage range of 3.0–4.8 V.     

国外多孔基体氧化铝/氧化铝复合材料工程应用进展

氧化铝/氧化铝复合材料(Al2O3/Al2O3)是20世纪90年代兴起的一类连续陶瓷纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料,已经发展为与SiC/SiC、C/SiC等非氧化物陶瓷基复合材料并列的一类陶瓷基复合材料。与非氧化物陶瓷基复合材料相比,Al2O3/Al2O3具有长时抗氧化、高温耐腐蚀、低成本等独特优势,已经在航空发动机、地面燃气轮机等军民两用热结构材料领域展现出广阔的应用前景。本文从材料应用的角度出发,系统分析阐述了目前在Al2O3/Al2O3占主导地位的多孔基体Al2O3/Al2O3(P-Al2O3/Al2O3)的增韧机制、成型工艺和性能特点,重点归纳了国外近年来P-Al2O3/Al2O3的工程化应用进展及前景,最后指出了P-Al2O3/Al2O3存在的局限性并展望了未来发展方向,旨在为国内Al2O3/Al2O3体系发展提供借鉴和参考。     

Sol-gel synthesis of Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 nanotubes

Ferroelectric Bi_3.25La_0.75Ti₃O₁₂ (BLT) nanotubes were synthesized by sol-gel technique using nanochannel porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates, and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). BLT nanotubes with diameter of around 240 nm and the wall thickness of about 25 nm exhibited a single orthorhombic perovskite structure and highly preferential crystal growth along the [1 1 7] orientation, which have smooth wall morphologies and well-defined diameters corresponding to the diameter of the applied template. The formation mechanism of BLT nanotubes was discussed.     

Sinterability and dielectric properties of Ba0.55Sr0.4Ca0.05TiO3-CaTiSiO5-Mg2TiO4 composite ceramics

The composite ceramics of Ba_0.55Sr_0.4Ca_0.05TiO₃-CaTiSiO₅-Mg₂TiO₄ (BSCT-CTS-MT) were prepared by the conventional solid-state route. The sintering performance, phase structures, morphologies, and dielectric properties of the composite ceramics were investigated. The BSCT-CTS-MT ceramics were sintered at 1100 °C and possessed dense microstructure. The dielectric constant was tailored from 1196 to 141 as the amount of Mg₂TiO₄ increased from 0 to 50 wt%. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of 40 wt% Ba_0.55Sr_0.4Ca_0.05TiO₃-10 wt% CaTiSiO₅-50 wt% Mg₂TiO₄ was 141 and 0.0020, respectively, and the tunability was 8.64% under a DC electric field of 8.0 kV/cm. The Curie peaks were broadened and depressed after the addition of CaTiSiO₅. The optimistic dielectric properties made it a promising candidate for the application of tunable capacitors and phase shifters.     

Synthesis and characterization of Y3Al5O12 and ZrO2-Y2O3 thermal barrier coatings by combustion spray pyrolysis

Y₃Al₅O₁₂ and ZrO₂-Y₂O₃ (8 mol% YSZ) coatings for potential application as thermal barrier coatings were prepared by combustion spray pyrolysis. Thermal cycling of as deposited coatings on stainless steel and FeCrAlY bond coat substrates was carried out at 1000 °C and 1200 °C to determine the thermal fatigue response. Structural and morphological studies on Y₃Al₅O₁₂ and 8 mol% YSZ coatings before and after thermal cycling have been carried out. It has been noted that the coatings on FeCrAlY substrates remain intact after 50 cycles between room temperature and 1200 °C, whereas the coatings on stainless steel show some minor damage such as peeling off near the periphery after 50 cycles at 1000 °C. Thermal diffusivity values of Y₃Al₅O₁₂ and 8 mol% YSZ films were measured by using photo thermal deflection spectroscopy and the values are lower than those of coatings produced by conventional techniques such as EBPVD and APS.     

Low temperature sintering and microwave dielectric properties of (Mg0.7Zn0.3)0.95Co0.05TiO3 ceramics with BaCu(B2O5) additions

The effects of BaCu(B₂O₅) additives on the sintering temperature and microwave dielectric properties of (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics were investigated. The (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics were not able to be sintered below 1000 °C. However, when BaCu(B₂O₅) were added, they were sintered below 1000 °C and had the good microwave dielectric properties. It was suggested that a liquid phase with the composition of BaCu(B₂O₅) was formed during the sintering and assisted the densification of the (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics at low temperature. BaCu(B₂O₅) powders were produced and used to reduce the sintering temperature of the (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics. Good microwave dielectric properties of Q × f = 35,000 GHz, ?_r = 18.5.0 and τ_f = −51 ppm/°C were obtained for the (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics containing 7 wt.% mol% BaCu(B₂O₅) sintered at 950 °C for 4 h.