具有最低共沸点难分离物系变压精馏分离

变压精馏是根据物系压力改变引起液体混合物共沸点组成变化,进而使共沸物系得以分离的一种有效分离方法。具有最低共沸点的液体混合物分离是化工过程中常见的分离难题。本文在热力学分析基础上研究了四氢呋喃与乙醇、环己烷与苯混合物这类典型的最低共沸液体混合物的变压精馏可行性,提出变压精馏分离四氢呋喃-乙醇液体混合物工艺流程,以NRTL-RK为物性计算方法,利用Aspen Plus模拟软件对变压精馏分离工艺过程进行分析及模拟,并对工艺参数进行优化。结果表明:在常压塔和8atm高压塔组成的双塔流程中变压精馏能将四氢呋喃-乙醇最低共沸混合物进行较好的分离,指出本文提出的研究方法可为具有最低共沸点液体混合物分离工艺的建立提供更加有效的指导。     

四氢呋喃-乙醇变压精馏分离

共沸混合物分离是化工过程中常见的分离难题。变压精馏是根据物系压力改变而使液体混合物共沸点组成发生变化,进而使共沸物系得以分离的一种有效分离方法。在热力学分析基础上,提出了四氢呋喃-乙醇液体混合物变压精馏分离双塔工艺流程。以NRTL-RK为物性计算方法,利用Aspen Plus模拟软件对变压精馏分离工艺过程进行分析及模拟,并对工艺参数进行优化。研究结果表明:在常压塔和0.8 MPa高压塔组成的双塔流程中变压精馏可将四氢呋喃-乙醇最低共沸混合物进行较好的分离。     

萃取精馏分离苯-环己烷三元混合溶剂的效应

引言环己烷是一种性能较好的溶剂,可用来取代苯作脱油脂剂及脱漆剂等,因其一般通过苯催化加氢或汽油分馏来制备,在其产物中通常存在苯和环己烷的混合物,由于二者沸点相近,能形成最低共沸混合物,所以如何对苯和环己烷混合物系进行分离,许多研究人员对此进行了研究。     

乙醇-苯共沸混合物的间歇萃取精馏分离方法

正本发明公开了一种乙醇-苯共沸混合物的间歇萃取精馏分离方法。属于乙醇-苯共沸混合物的分离技术。该方法以含有两个以上卤素取代基的卤代烃或芳香烃类,如1,2-二氯丙烷、1,2,3-三氯丙烷、邻二氯苯和1,2,3-三氯苯等为萃取剂,萃取精馏塔操作条件,萃取剂和该塔顶馏出物的质量比为0.5:1-10:1,控制萃取精馏塔顶不同温度和不同回流     

离子液体萃取精馏苯和乙醇共沸体系的模拟

采用COSMO-RS中的COSMOtherm软件,选定三丁基甲基醋酸铵([N_(1,4,4,4)][OAc])作为萃取精馏分离苯和乙醇共沸体系的萃取剂。采用Aspen Plus流程模拟软件,对苯和乙醇体系的萃取精馏过程进行了模拟。考察了溶剂比、全塔理论板数、回流比、原料进料位置等因素对分离效果的影响,通过灵敏度分析,得到了萃取精馏分离乙醇和苯体系的最佳工艺优化条件。在此条件下,产品苯的摩尔分数为99. 99%,乙醇的摩尔分数为99. 98%。说明以[N_(1,4,4,4)][OAc]为萃取剂萃取分离乙醇和苯的共沸物具有很好的效果。     

萃取精馏和变压精馏分离苯-乙醇的模拟研究

采用Aspen Plus化工流程模拟软件，通过NRTL热力学模型，分别进行苯和乙醇混合物的萃取精馏和变压精馏分离模拟研究。萃取精馏采用丙三醇为萃取剂，萃取精馏塔以33为理论塔板数、28为混合物进料位置、2为萃取剂进料位置、1.1为回流比、3.0为溶剂比(萃取剂用量与混合物进料量比值);溶剂回收塔以5为理论塔板数、3为进料位置、1.0为回流比时，分离得到苯和乙醇的质量分数均为99.62%。变压精馏由常压塔(101.325 kPa)和高压塔(520 kPa)串联而成，常压塔以18为理论塔板数、8为进料位置、3.0为回流比；高压塔以16为理论塔板数、10为进料位置、3.0为回流比时，可得到乙醇和苯质量分数分别为99.52%和99.01%。     

N,N—二苯基甘氨酸对稀土离子反相纸层析的研究

以 N,N-二苯基甘氨酸的乙醇—苯溶液和 N,N-苯基甘氨酸的乙醇—三氯甲烷溶液为固定相 ,以不同浓度的盐酸为展开剂 ,较系统的研究了 2种固定相对谱、钐等 1 1种金属离子的反相纸层析行为。实验表明 ,N,N-二苯基甘氨酸的乙醇—三氯甲烷溶液对稀土离子的萃取性能优于 N,N-二苯基甘氮酸的乙醇—苯溶液 ,并能成功地分离两种或两种以上的混合物     

减压精馏分离乙醇与异丙醇二元混合和物

乙醇与异丙醇二元混合物因两者存在结构和化学性质相似而难分离.对减压精馏分离乙醇与异丙醇工艺条件进行了探索,因折光率与溶液组成存在一一对应关系,进而利用阿贝折射仪进行纯度分析,考察了填料类型、真空度、溶液组成等对产物分离纯度的影响.实验研究结果表明,在以金属螺旋弹簧柱作精馏柱填料,塔顶真空度为700mmHg(93.33k...     

热集成变压精馏分离乙醇-乙腈混合物

以乙醇-乙腈混合物为对象,研究了该体系在实验压力范围内的共沸组成,分析了采用变压精馏工艺分离精制乙醇和乙腈的可行性。通过比较实验压力范围内（101~500 kPa）体系的共沸组成与Aspen Plus模拟软件中计算的体系共沸组成,选择了适合的物性方法。在实验装置上进行了变压精馏法分离精制乙醇、乙腈混合物的实验,重点考察了不同回流比对分离效果的影响,得到了质量分数大于99.5%的乙醇和乙腈产品。 应用Aspen Plus模拟软件对乙醇-乙腈体系的热集成变压精馏过程进行了模拟计算,对比了热集成变压精馏与传统变压精馏的能耗,发现热集成变压精馏节能达35%。     

三元混合物分壁塔精馏分离的研究

提出了甲醇-乙醇-正丙醇三元混合物分壁塔精馏分离的新工艺。通过模拟和灵敏度分析,考察了分壁塔的进料位置、隔板位置、液体分配比、回流比等工艺参数对分离效果的影响,确定了分壁塔的最佳操作条件,并对分壁塔的能耗进行了分析。结果表明,单个分壁塔能达到常规三元混合物分离的要求,并且比常规精馏流程的分离过程节能约30%。     

A simulation study on selection of optimized process for azeotropic separation of methanol and benzene: Internal heat integration and economic analysis

This work provides an insight into the separation of azeotropic mixtures by using two different techniques: pressure swing distillation and extractive distillation. Both methods are used to separate an azeotropic mixture of methanol and benzene. This mixture exhibits a minimum boiling azeotrope at temperature 57.97 °C and pressure 1 bar with mole fractions of 0.61 and 0.39 for methanol and benzene, respectively. However, the azeotropic point in methanol and benzene mixture is pressure sensitive, which can be shifted by changing pressure with a process called pressure swing distillation. Extractive distillation with suitable solvent is another method to separate such kind of mixture. Both methods are rigorously simulated and optimized for minimum heat duties. Internal heat integration is applied too for increasing energy efficiency. New optimization techniques are carried out with process simulator Aspen HYSYS V8.4 and results reveal the best method for separation of methanol and benzene azeotropic mixture.     

Incorporation of Mass and Energy Integration in the Optimal Bioethanol Separation Process

A techno‐economic analysis for the separation process in bioethanol production is presented. Optimized azeotropic separation processes in conjunction with process integration (mass and energy) are considered to simultaneously enhance the results from economic and environmental points of view. Process integration improves significantly the separation process because it helps to reduce the overall energy required in the reboilers based on energy integration and additionally to diminish the amount of required solvent based on mass integration. The SYNHEAT optimization model was applied for energy integration whereas a direct recycle strategy was implemented for the mass integration process. The best separation processes obtained correspond to an integrated conventional separation sequence with energy integration to ethanol‐water mixture III and integrated optional separation sequences with energy integration to ethanol‐water mixture III, with significant savings in utility costs and possible recycling of nearly all solvent.     

Poly(acrylic acid)–poly(vinyl alcohol) semi- and interpenetrating polymer network pervaporation membranes

A series of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)–poly(vinyl alcoho) (PVA) semiinterpenetrating (SIPN) and interpenetrating (IPN) polymer network membranes were prepared by crosslinking PVA alone or by crosslinking both PVA and PAA. Glutaraldeyde and ethylene glycol were used as crosslinking agents for the PVA and PAA networks, respectively. The presence of PAA increases the permeability of the membranes while the presence of PVA improves their mechanical and film-forming properties. The mechanical properties of the membranes were investigated via tensile testing. These hydrophilic membranes are permselective to water from ethanol–water mixture and to ethanol from ethanol–benzene mixtures. The IPN membranes were employed for the former mixtures and the SPIN membranes for the latter, because the IPN ones provided too low permeation rates. The permeation rates and seperation factors were determined as functions of the IPN or SIPN composition, feed composition, and temperature. For the azeotropic ethanol–water mixture (95 wt % ethanol), the separation factor and permeation rate at 50°C of the PAA-PVA IPN membrane, containing 50 wt % PAA, were 50 and 260 g/m²h, respectively. For the ethanol–benzene mixture, the PAA–PVA SIPN membranes had separation factors between 1.4 and 1200 and permeation rates between 6 and 550 g/m²h, respectively, depending on the feed composition and temperature. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Separation of benzene/cyclohexane by pervaporation through chelate poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(allyl amine) blend membrane

Summary Chelate poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(allyl amine) blend membrane was prepared and used for the separation of benzene/cyclohexane mixture by pervaporation processes. The coordination of benzene in the feed with cobalt in the membrane plays a major role in the separation of the mixture. Chelate poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(allyl amine) blend membrane showed a preferential sorption toward benzene and was found to be more effective for permeating benzene in the benzene/cyclohexane mixture than an original Schiff base poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(allyl amine) membrane.     

Pervaporation of nonaqueous ethanol azeotropes through interpenetrating polymer network membranes prepared from poly(4-vinylpyridine) and poly(vinyl alcohol)

Highly hydrophilic interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) membranes were prepared from a mixture system of poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) by quaternizing crosslinking of P4VP with 1,4-dibromobutane (DBB) and simultaneous crosslinking of PVA with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI). The membrane performance in pervaporation (PV) for the azeotropic mixture of ethanol with a less polar organic liquid (chloroform, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, and cyclohexane) was investigated. The strength of these IPN membranes was higher than that of the cellulose acetate membrane and depended on the membrane composition. All the membranes were ethanol permselective for the azeotropic feeds and equimolar mixture feeds as well. Only the swelling degree Q of the membrane, among several physicochemical factors, showed a relationship with the separation performance for the four feeds; a lower value of Q generally corresponded to a higher separation factor and smaller permeability. The membrane composition, which exhibited an optimum membrane performance, was examined in detail for some membranes. Both the separation factor for sorption and that for diffusion far exceeded unity, but the latter was greater in most cases than was the former and dominated the overall separation. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 2729–2738, 2001     

三元恒沸精馏生产无水乙醇工艺研究及共轭环的应用

用CHEMCAD软件对乙醇、苯和水三元恒沸体系生产无水乙醇的工艺进行了模拟。根据模拟研究结果设计并建成了年产1 800 t无水乙醇的生产装置。主塔和回收塔中均采用共轭环塔填料。生产实践表明,共轭环塔填料具有传质效率高、单位填料层压降低和操作弹性大的特点;通过对生产工艺的优化,得到无水乙醇产品的苯质量浓度小于0.2 mg/mL,水质量浓度小于0.5 mg/mL。研究结果对设计无水乙醇生产装置有很好的参考价值。     

Molecular simulation of penetration separation for ethanol/water mixtures using two-dimensional nanoweb graphynes

Graphyne is expected to be a new-class of highly-efficient sieving membranes due to its controllable uniform pore structure and ultrathin single-atom thickness. Herein, we computationally investigate the permeation performance of liquid ethanol–water mixtures across polyporous two-dimensional γ-graphyne sheets. It was found that, in the mixture, ethanol with larger molecular diameter permeates faster through the graphyne pores than water. The simulations demonstrate that pristine graphynes could act as highly-efficient ethanol-permselective membranes for separation of ethanol–water mixtures, with ethanol permeability remarkably higher than conventional membranes. This separation mechanism is distinctly different from the molecular-size dependent sieving process. The stronger hydrophobic interfacial affinity between graphyne and ethanol makes ethanol molecules preferentially adsorb on graphyne surface and selectively penetrate through graphyne pores. This penetration mechanism provides new understanding of molecular transport through atomically thick two-dimensional nanoporous membranes and this work is expected to be valuable in the potential development of highly-efficient membranes for liquid-phase mixture separation.     

吸附法脱除烷烃中少量芳烃工业可行性分析

在实验研究烷烃中少量芳烃的吸附动态过程的基础上，确定该吸附净化过程的吸附一再生条件，探讨该过程实现的可行性，得到如下结论：从技术性能和技术经济这两个指标出发，对脱除循环烷烃中的少量芳烃的吸附分离过程，用固定床吸附过程来实现比用模拟移动床吸附过程来实现更具可行性，吸附法脱除循环烷烃中的少量芳烃具有设备投资少，能耗低的特点，有可能成为一种替代现行脱除少量芳烃的工艺方法，这些结果为在直链烷基苯的生产过程中，降低循环烷烃中芳构化物的含量，实现延长脱氢催化剂的寿命，提高烷基苯的产量提供了技术基础。     

Production of Motor Fuel Grade Alcohol by Concentration Swing Adsorption

Abstract

A new cyclic process concept called “concentration swing adsorption” for separation of bulk binary liquid mixtures is described. The process carries out the primary separation by selective liquid-phase adsorption of one of the components of the feed mixture on an adsorbent. The adsorbed component is then desorbed by a desorbent liquid which is equally or more strongly adsorbed than the slectively adsorbed component of the feed mixture. The desorbent liquid is removed from the adsorbent by displacing it with the less strongly adsorbed component of the feed mixture so that the adsorbent can be resused. The process also includes a complementary step where the adsorbent is rinsed with the more strongly adsorbed component of the feed mixture so that two essentially pure products are produced from the feed mixture with high recoveries of both components. At least one simple distillation is also required by the process which separates the desorbent liquid from the less strongly adsorbed component of the feed mixture. The process can be used to separate liquid mixtures with close boiling components or azeotropic mixtures which require energy intensive distillation. A very efficient separation can be achieved in these cases by spending only a fraction of the distillation energy. An example of such an application, viz., separation of a bulk ethanol–water mixture for motor fuel grade alcohol production, is described. A local equilibrium model of the process is used to evaluate the performance of the process for that separation using an activated carbon as the adsorbent and acetone as the desorbent liquid. Experimentally measured equilibrium adsorption characteristics for ethanol–water, acetone–water, and acetone–ethanol binary liquid mixtures on the carbon as well as adsorption column dynamics for the steps of the process are reported.     

Influence of ethanol as bore fluid component on the morphological structure and performance of PES hollow fiber membrane for oil in water separation

The relationships among varying bore fluid compositions containing ethanol/water were studied. The ethanol composition was varied in the ratio of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. The membrane dope solutions were prepared from 17.25 wt% polyethersulfone (PES), 0.75 wt% polyethylene glycol (PEG), 3 wt% silicon dioxide sol and 78.25 wt% of 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) via dry-jet spinning process. The membranes’ morphology as a result of varying ethanol ratio in the bore fluid composition was characterized and their effects on crude oil/water emulsion separation were evaluated. Results show that the membrane pore size and porosity decreased with increasing ethanol content in the bore fluid mixture, whereas the inner wall thickness of fibers increased. Furthermore, an increase in ethanol concentration also resulted in a slight increase in water contact angle. The use of 100/0 of ethanol/water resulted in UF membranes with the lowest performance. On the other hand, bore fluid mixture containing 25/75 ethanol/water produced membrane with the best performance for crude oil/water separation. Overall, the use of bore fluid mixture containing 25/75 ethanol/water mixture was found to be a powerful way to tune the morphological properties and performance of HF membrane.