合成温度对Li2FeSiO4／C电化学性能的影响

采用球磨掺碳及固相法合成锂离子电池正极材料Li2FeSiO4/C,研究了合成温度对材料结构和电化学性能的影响.用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)对材料的结构与形貌进行了表征;并对不同焙烧温度下合成的Li2FeSiO4/C材料的电化学性能进行了研究.结果表明,650℃合成的Li:FeSiO4/C电化学性能最佳,在C/16的倍率下首次放电容量达到144.8mAh/g,10次循环后容量仍保持有136.5mAh/g.     

湿化学法-高温固相法合成锂离子电池正极材料Li2FeSiO4的研究

在分析锂离子电池正极材料研究进展的基础上,开展了Li2FeSiO4的合成与改性研究,采用湿化学法-高温固相合成法制备了Li2FeSiO4/C正极材料.系统研究了回流过程和煅烧温度对Li2FeSiO4/C正极材料的影响.结果表明,采用回流、煅烧温度为650℃的样品首次放电容量为165mAh/g,经过10次循环后为138mAh/g,循环性能较好.     

锂离子电池复合正极材料xLiFePO4·yLi3V2(PO4)3的制备与性能研究

以FePO4·xH2O、V2O5、NH4H2PO4和Li2CO3为原料,以乙二酸为还原剂,在常温常压下经机械活化并还原嵌锂,形成无定形的5LiFePO4·Li3V2(PO4)3前驱体混合物,然后低温热处理合成出晶态的复合正极材料5LiFePO4·Li3V2(PO4)3.分别研究了复合材料的物相结构、形貌、电化学性能.SEM图像表明合成的材料粒径小、分布均匀,一次粒径为100～200nm.充放电测试结果表明,650℃烧结12h制得的复合正极材料5LiFePO4·Li3V2(PO4)3电化学性能优良,1C放电比容量高达158mAh/g,达到该复合材料的理论比容量(156.8mAh/g).复合材料具有良好的倍率性能和循环性能,在10C放电比容量高达114mAh/g,100次循环后容量几乎无衰减.循环伏安测试表明,复合材料的脱嵌锂性能优良,且明显优于单一的LiFePO4和Li3V2(PO4)3.     

微波碳热还原法合成锂离子电池正极材料Li_2FeSiO_4/C

以Li2CO3、FeOOH、纳米Si O2为原料,聚乙烯醇和超导碳为碳源,采用微波碳热合成法合成了Li2FeSi O4/C材料。通过XRD、SEM和恒流充放电测试,对样品结构、形貌和电化学性能进行了表征和分析。结果表明,微波合成法可以快速制备具有正交结构的Li2FeSi O4材料;在处理温度650℃、时间12min的条件下获得了高纯度、晶粒细小均匀的产物,并具有良好的电化学性能。以C/20倍率进行充放电测试,首次放电容量为127.5mAh/g,20次循环后容量仍有124mAh/g。     

高电压正极材料镍锰酸锂的制备及性能研究

以镍、锰氧化物和碳酸锂为原料,采用高温固相法直接合成高电压正极材料镍锰酸锂LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄。主要考察了烧结温度、烧结时间和Li/M等因素对工艺的影响。结果表明:在烧结温度为800℃,烧结时间为15h,Li/M为0.53时,合成的镍锰酸锂材料的综合性能达到了最佳。在此合成条件下合成的镍锰酸锂材料的1C放电比容量为129.53mAh/g,50次循环后1C放电比容量为122.60mAh/g,50次循环容量保持率94.56%,证明电池的循环性能良好。     

LiFePO4/C制备工艺的优化及其性能

用共沉淀法制备了球形NH4FePO4·H2O前驱体,再与Li2CO3和葡萄糖混合用固相焙烧法制备了LiFePO4/C正极材料.利用正交实验考察了焙烧温度、焙烧时间、球磨时间、x(Li):x(Fe)和葡萄糖用量等对材料首次放电比容量的影响,得到了最佳工艺条件.通过XRD、SEM、FTIR和恒流充放电测试仪等测试了材料的结构和电化学性能.所得材料在室温下电流密度为0.1、0.5和1C时首次放电比容量分别为147.6、136.7和122.3mAh/g,循环50次后容量分别为142.8、127.3和106.7mAh/g;在60℃下电流密度为0.5C时,其首次放电比容量为163.8mAh/g,循环性能良好.     

复合熔盐法合成Li4Ti5O（12）及其电化学性能研究

采用LiOH-LiNO3复合熔盐合成锂离子电池负极材料尖晶石结构Li4Ti5O12,应用XRD、SEM、CV以及恒流充放电测试等手段对所合成材料进行了结构表征和性能测试.结果表明,当反应物中n(Li):n(Ti)=4时合成的样品为纯的尖晶石相Li4Ti5O12,合成所需时间短、熔盐比例低.以电流密度15mA/g进行恒流充放电测试,其首次放电比容量为164.4mAh/g,电压平台宽,平台电压为1.55V.循环15周后放电比容量为156.7mAh/g,容量保持率为95.3%,循环性能优良.     

锂离子电池复合正极材料xLiFePO4·yLi3V2（PO4）3的制备与性能研究

以FePO4·xH2O、V2O5、NH4H2PO4和Li2CO3为原料,以乙二酸为还原剂,在常温常压下经机械活化并还原嵌锂,形成无定形的5LiFePO4·Li3V2（PO4）3前驱体混合物,然后低温热处理合成出晶态的复合正极材料5LiFePO4·Li3V2（PO4）3.分别研究了复合材料的物相结构、形貌、电化学性能.SEM图像表明合成的材料粒径小、分布均匀,一次粒径为100～200nm.充放电测试结果表明,650℃烧结12h制得的复合正极材料5LiFePO4·Li3V2（PO4）3电化学性能优良,1C放电比容量高达158mAh/g,达到该复合材料的理论比容量（156.8mAh/g）.复合材料具有良好的倍率性能和循环性能,在10C放电比容量高达114mAh/g,100次循环后容量几乎无衰减.循环伏安测试表明,复合材料的脱嵌锂性能优良,且明显优于单一的LiFePO4和Li3V2（PO4）3.     

锂离子电池正极材料Li_(1+x)V_3O_8合成及电化学性能的研究

利用液相沉淀法合成得到超细、粒径分布窄的球形V2O5,以该V2O5和LiOH*H2O为原料在较低温度下煅烧得到棒状Li1+xV3O8颗粒.采用XRD、SEM对样品的结构和形貌分别进行了表征.并在电压为1.8～3.8V范围,放电倍率为0.2C对制备的电极材料进行了电池性能测量.结果表明,采用比传统固相法低的温度和时间可以获得单斜晶系的纯相Li1+xV3O8.450℃合成的Li1+xV3O8首次放电比容量达到275mAh/g,550℃合成的Li1+xV3O8在循环15次后的比容量保持率为85%.     

F掺杂 LiFePO4/C的固相合成及电化学性能

用廉价三价铁离子化合物为铁源,聚丙烯作还原剂和碳源,两步固相法合成F掺杂原位碳包覆LiFePO4正极材料.结果表明,合成产物具有完整的橄榄石型LiFePO4晶体结构,粉末形状近似球形,尺寸分布在50～200nm范围内,两步固相法更好地抑制了LiFePO4晶粒的长大.电化学测试结果表明,F掺杂提高了材料倍率放电性能,有效降低了材料电极的极化.在1C,2C,3C(C为150mA/g)充放电倍率下,LiFePO3.98F0.02/C的比容量分别为146mAh/g,137mAh/g,122mAh/g,1C循环55次后放电容量达到初始容量的99.3%.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.