High-speed dry electrical discharge machining

A novel high-speed dry electrical discharge machining (EDM) method was proposed in this study. Using this method, the material can be rapidly melted by extremely high discharge energy and flushed out of the discharge gap by high-pressure and high-speed air flow. The material removal rate (MRR) of dry EDM was significantly improved by the proposed method. The MRR of dry EDM is usually in tens mm³/min, whereas the MRR of the proposed method can be as high as 5162 mm³/min, which improves the MRR by 2nd to 3rd order of magnitude. Investigation was conducted systemically. The influences of work piece polarity, discharge current, pulse duration time, gas pressure, and electrode rotation speed on machining performance were studied. The machining mechanism of this method was thoroughly analyzed. Moreover, the re-solidified layer, surface morphology, elementary composition, and phase of AISI 304 stainless steel for high-speed dry EDM were also investigated. Theoretical and technical foundations were laid for the industry application of dry EDM.     

High-speed EDM milling with moving electric arcs

A novel high-speed electrical discharge machining (EDM) milling method using moving electric arcs has been proposed in this study. We connected a copper electrode rotating rapidly around its axis and a work piece to a DC power supply to generate a moving electric arc. To ensure high relative speed of any point on the electrode with respect to the work piece, the electrode was shaped like a pipe. It was observed that the electric arcs move rapidly within the discharge gap due to the revolution of the tool electrode, removing the materials on the electrode along the track of the arc roots. To explore the characteristics of machining with moving electric arcs, an EDM milling apparatus was devised. Two planes with approximately the same roughness were machined separately by this equipment and a traditional EDM machine for comparison. It was found that a much higher material removal rate can be easily achieved by EDM milling with moving electric arcs. In the meanwhile, wear of the tool electrode in this new method is negligible, which is greatly favorable for machining accuracy. The microstructures of these surfaces were also investigated for further information.     

齿轮模具电火花展成加工研究

从整体上对齿轮模具电火花展成加工方法进行研究,充分利用电火花加工不受工件硬度限制的优点,结合展成法加工齿轮的强制啮合原理,能均化各齿的加工误差,无轴向进给电火花加工所形成的加工锥度。实验证明,加工的齿轮模具完全能满足使用要求。齿轮模具电火花展成加工是齿轮加工方法的一个创新,对齿轮模具制造具有较大的现实意义。     

EDM turning using a strip electrode

Turning by electrical discharge machining (EDM turning) is an effective method to machine hard-to-cut materials. Generally, a wire-EDM is utilized in EDM turning because it is not concerned with electrode wear. However, wire-EDM turning has a slow machining speed due to its small machining area, and the wire may break due to overheating electrodes. For these reasons, its machining speed must be limited. In this study, a strip-EDM was created in an effort to overcome the problems in the EDM-turning process. This machining method used a conductive strip as an electrode. The strip was fed continuously, like a wire-EDM; therefore electrode wear was not a concern. One advantage of the strip-EDM was that it increased the material removal rate because of its large machining area and non-breaking electrode. In the experiments, machining characteristics were investigated according to machining conditions, and practical machining was carried out via fabrication of complex shapes on a shaft workpiece.     

The effect in EDM of a dielectric of a urea solution in water on modifying the surface of titanium

This study investigates the influence of the machining characteristics on pure titanium metals using an electrical discharge machining (EDM) with the addition of urea into distilled water. Additionally, the effects of urea addition on surface modification are also discussed. In the experiments, machining parameters such as the dielectric type, peak current and pulse duration were changed to explore their effects on machining performance, including the material removal rate, electrode wear rate and surface roughness. Moreover, the elemental distribution of nitrogen on the machined surface was qualitatively determined by EPMA to assess the effects on surface modification. Micro hardness and wear resistance tests were performed to evaluate the effects of the reinforced surface.Experimental results indicate that the nitrogen element decomposed from the dielectric that contained urea, migrated to the work piece, forming a TiN hard layer, resulting in good wear resistance of the machined surface after EDM.     

Improvement of Dry EDM Characteristics Using Piezoelectric Actuator

This paper describes improvement of the machining characteristics of dry electrical discharge machining (dry EDM) by controlling the discharge gap distance using a piezoelectric actuator. Dry EDM is a new process characterized by small tool electrode wear, negligible damage generated on the machined surface, and significantly high material removal rate especially when oxygen gas is used. However, the narrow discharge gap length compared with conventional EDM using oil as the dielectric working fluid results in frequent occurrence of short circuiting which lowers material removal rate. A piezoelectric actuator with high frequency response was thus introduced to help control gap length of the EDM machine. To elucidate the effects of the piezoelectric actuator, an EDM performance simulator was newly developed to evaluate the machining stability and material removal rate of dry EDM.     

超前两步预测自适应电火花加工钛合金的研究

基于超前两步预测自适应控制系统,可提高电火花加工钛合金的稳定性和加工效率。首先进行的传统开环正负极性对比实验表明,钛合金正极性加工的加工能力优于负极性加工。然后进行的正极性开环与超前两步预测自适应控制对比实验表明,自适应闭环控制指导下的电火花加工钛合金显著提升了加工稳定性和加工效率,降低了拉弧率,且自适应控制系统能充分发挥电火花加工的潜能,解决了困扰钛合金加工领域几十年的棘手问题。     

State of the art electrical discharge machining (EDM)

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a well-established machining option for manufacturing geometrically complex or hard material parts that are extremely difficult-to-machine by conventional machining processes. The non-contact machining technique has been continuously evolving from a mere tool and die making process to a micro-scale application machining alternative attracting a significant amount of research interests.In recent years, EDM researchers have explored a number of ways to improve the sparking efficiency including some unique experimental concepts that depart from the EDM traditional sparking phenomenon. Despite a range of different approaches, this new research shares the same objectives of achieving more efficient metal removal coupled with a reduction in tool wear and improved surface quality.This paper reviews the research work carried out from the inception to the development of die-sinking EDM within the past decade. It reports on the EDM research relating to improving performance measures, optimising the process variables, monitoring and control the sparking process, simplifying the electrode design and manufacture. A range of EDM applications are highlighted together with the development of hybrid machining processes. The final part of the paper discusses these developments and outlines the trends for future EDM research.     

电火花表面改性/合金化技术研究进展

电火花表面改性/合金化不同于传统的表面处理技术,它基于电火花加工的原理,利用放电产生的高温使电极瞬间熔化,并与基体发生冶金化学反应形成涂层.涂层成分设计不同,具有耐磨、耐蚀等不同功能.涂层的厚度可控,成分和硬度分布具有梯度性.介绍了电火花表面合金化技术的特点和原理,综述了国内外的研究进展情况,分析了能量等因素对电极和工...     

GT35钢结硬质合金电火花加工工艺试验

研究了GT35电火花加工时,峰值电流、脉冲宽度、放电时间等参数对工件加工效率、加工面粗糙度和电极耗损速度等的影响规律,并分析了其作用机理,优化了GT35钢结硬质合金电火花加工工艺参数,为加工复杂型腔GT35钢结硬质合金模具提供了试验依据。     

基于旋转电极的方孔电火花加工新方法

提出一种方孔电火花加工新方法,利用具有勒洛三角形截面形状的工具电极在等宽方形约束孔中转动,使电极沿横截面扫过一个正方形区域,从而通过电极底面放电加工出方孔。分析了勒洛三角形电极在与其等宽的方孔中的运动方式和轨迹,设计了基于旋转电极的方孔电火花加工装置,通过实验验证了该方法的可行性。在不同的开路电压下,分别利用旋转的勒洛三角形电极和不旋转的方形电极进行方孔加工,发现旋转的勒洛三角形电极加工效率更高、电极损耗更低。     

混粉电火花加工机理的分析

论述了混粉电火花加工的发展概况 ,并以实验为基础对其机理进行了分析 ,认为加工表面粗糙度的迅速降低主要是放电通道对熔融金属平整作用的结果。对于这一工艺的加工效率进行了剖析 ,认为从改善表面质量的角度来看 ,混粉电火花加工具有很高的加工效率。通过对电极损耗情况的观察 ,发现电极损耗特性也有一临界点 ,这一点与普通电火花加工相似     

喷雾电火花铣削加工及其机理的分析

提出一种用高压雾气作为放电介质的电火花加工新方法——啧雾电火花铣削加工，与采用气体介质的干式电火花加工相比高压雾气具有更好的冷却作用，可以提高放电通道的爆炸力．有利于提高生产率。与常规电火花加工相比具有工艺柔性好，制造成本低，电极制造费用低、周期短．无污染等优点。     

模具电火花加工自动化效率的提高

电火花加工在模具制造中是必不可少加工方式。自从引进了模具智能制造云平台后,电极加工实行自动化和智能化操作,系统完成电极设计,自动生成放电程序,对电极设计起到了重要作用。电极加工在加工后自动检测完成,电极上火花机、从装夹、校正、分中到放电等都是自动完成,完全保证了模具加工要求,缩短了模具加工周期。简述了模具智能制造内容,讲述了电极制造和应用方案,分享了两个案例,验证了模具电火花自动化线效率,尝到了智能制造带来的红利。     

电火花加工过程中电极材料蚀除机理研究

从电火花加工过程中的能量分配、放电通道变化、通道热源以及电极材料蚀除4个方面，就目前国内外的研究现状以及所涉及的关键技术进行了详尽的综述。介绍了分子动力学、粒子模拟等新方法在电加工电极材料蚀除机理研究中的应用，指出了电加工过程中电极材料蚀除机理的进一步研究方向。     

电火花加工数控代码疏化方法

虽然电火花加工能很好地解决高硬度材料难切削的问题,但其加工效率偏低。通过研究数控代码的密集程度对电火花加工效率的影响,并从抬刀运动的角度分析密集数控节点会使加工时间大大延长的原因,从而提出了在电极进给轨迹上以最大不干涉间距选取数控节点的方式来生成数控代码的方法。一方面可大大减少数控代码量,另一方面也可避免抬刀过程频繁加减速的现象,最终有效地提升电火花加工的效率。     

Electrical discharge machining of Ti6Al4V with a bundled electrode

The aim of this study is to investigate an efficient Ti6Al4V electrical discharge machining (EDM) process with a bundled die-sinking electrode. The feasibility of machining Ti6Al4V with a bundled electrode was studied and its effect on EDM performance was compared experimentally using a solid die-sinking electrode. The simulation results explain the high performance of the EDM process with a bundled electrode by through the use of multi-hole inner flushing to efficiently remove molten material from the inter-electrode gap and through the improved ability to apply a higher peak current. A 3-factor, 3-level experimental design was used to study the relationships between 2 machining performance parameters (material removal rate: MRR, tool wear ratio: TWR) and 3 machining parameters (fluid flow rate, peak current and pulse duration). The main effects and influences of the 2-factor interactions of these parameters on the performances of the EDM process with the bundled electrode are discussed.     

High Aspect Ratio and Complex Shaped Blind Micro Holes by Micro EDM

It is difficult to drill high aspect ratio through holes and complex shaped blind holes using micro EDM. The debris concentration in the narrow discharge gap causes abnormal discharges leading to excessive electrode wear and lower machining precision. In micro EDM, the electrode size is too small for internal flushing. This paper presents a new approach for effective self-flushing using planetary movement. Through micro holes with an aspect ratio of 18 have been drilled. This approach is also demonstrated by drilling blind noncircular micro holes with sharp corners and edges. The process performance characteristics are analyzed under different machining conditions.     

电火花加工间隙流场的三维仿真研究

间隙流场中加工屑的分布是影响火花放电频率和放电点分布的重要因素,并直接关系到加工速度与加工精度,对间隙流场中加工屑分布情况进行研究是提高加工速度、加工精度的重要途径之一.该研究在对间隙流场中工作液和加工屑的运动进行理论分析的基础上,建立间隙流场的三维仿真模型,进行电极上下往复运动过程中间隙流场和加工屑运动的仿真计算,验证实验的结果证明了仿真方法的正确性.