超分子环糊精的研究新进展

随着环糊精衍生物不断被合成、环糊精的性质不断被发现,超分子环糊精的应用也越来越广泛。综述了超分子环糊精在分子识别、分子自组装和模拟生物酶等方面的研究进展,展望了超分子环糊精的发展趋势。     

环糊精分子印迹技术及其应用研究

环糊精独特的中空圆台分子结构具有良好分子识别能力,基于环糊精的分子印迹聚合物能进一步提高其选择性识别能力。分别介绍了环糊精的分子结构与衍生化及分子印迹技术,综述了基于环糊精的分子印迹聚合物的制备方法和应用进展,并展望了环糊精作为一种新颖的功能单体在选择性分子识别领域中的应用前景。     

蓬勃发展的环糊精化学

简要介绍了环糊精化学的产生、发展、应用及结构特征;重点讨论了:(1)超分子大环主体化合物环糊精的自组装及应用;(2)环糊精自组装在医药学方面的应用;(3)环糊精模拟酶及其选择性识别作用。并对环糊精化学的发展进行了展望。     

环糊精单分子或多分子层膜的制备及应用

环糊精因为其独特的包结和识别性能一直受到极大的关注,将环糊精固定在固体基底表面有利于更好地实现其包结选择性,发挥环糊精的潜在应用性能.本文重点综述了在金、硅及聚合物等固体基底表面组装与制备环糊精单分子或多分子层的方法和机理研究进展,主要包括:Langmuir-Blodgett法,Layer-by-Layer法,化学吸附等方法,并对这些方法进行了评价,比较了其优缺点,简要介绍了这些环糊精分子层的应用状况,且对形成单分子或多分子层膜的作用力进行了详细分析.最后围绕膜从制备到应用方面,对环糊精单分子层或多分子层膜的发展趋势进行了展望,认为对常规方法作出改进及采用更加简单有效的新方法制备性能更加稳定的取向性环糊精单/多分子层膜是未来的重点研究方向.     

β-环糊精对叶酸的包合作用研究

研究β-环糊精对叶酸的包合作用,提高叶酸的热稳定性及水溶性。采用MOPAC分子模拟和紫外光谱法探讨在水相中β-环糊精对叶酸包合的可行性,在此基础上,用共沉淀法制备包合物,并采用TG-DTA、FT-IR对包合物进行表征和确认。采用紫外分光光度法测定β-环糊精与叶酸的包合比和包合物稳定常数,利用经典恒温加速试验法测定游离叶酸、包合物中叶酸的热稳定性。结果表明,在水相中,叶酸可进入β-环糊精空腔自发形成摩尔比为1:2(叶酸:β-环糊精)的包合物,与MOPAC分子模拟结果叶酸分子两端的喋啶和谷氨酸基团可分别进入β-环糊精空腔一致,333 K时包合物的稳定常数K为4.615×105。在室温下,包合物中叶酸有效期是游离叶酸有效期的3.6倍。叶酸形成包合物后,其热稳定性得到明显改善。     

环糊精的超分子组装及应用新进展

简要介绍了环糊精的结构特征及用途,详细综述了环糊精的超分子组装及纳米超分子的构筑;环糊精空腔的超分子识别功能;新型环糊精衍生物的合成及在分析化学中的应用。     

β-环糊精包结维生素A醋酸酯的条件研究

研究了β-环糊精与维生素A醋酸酯的包结,探讨了客体添加速度、溶剂、温度等对包结物产率的影响。25℃下,往1 g的β-环糊精水溶液(60 mL)中滴加0.289 0 g的维生素A醋酸酯乙醇溶液(6 mL),滴加时间70 min,搅拌10 h,包结率可达78.0%。利用分子模拟软件模拟了β-环糊精与维生素A醋酸酯的包结。     

Mitsunobu反应合成单取代β-环糊精胺基衍生物

在超分子化学领域,胺基修饰环糊精是一类合成化学修饰环糊精的重要中间体。传统方法需要多步反应才能实现环糊精胺基衍生物的合成。以β-环糊精为起始原料,经两步Mitsunobu反应合成了标题化合物。和传统方法相比,该方法步骤短且收率较高,为环糊精衍生物的合成提供了一种新的选择。     

荧光光谱法研究甲基-β-环糊精对普拉洛芬的增溶作用

β-环糊精衍生物增溶药物分子能显著提高药物的理化性质,可解决药物制作中遇到的诸多困难,为药物新制剂,新剂型的发展提供了有效手段。荧光光谱能够表征分子之间的相互作用,同时能够在较大范围内检测药物分子的浓度。测定了普拉洛芬（PRA）在甲基-β-环糊精（Me-beta-CD）溶液中的荧光光谱及相溶解度图,结果表明甲基-β-环糊精与普拉洛芬形成1∶1包络物,包络物属于AL型。包络平衡常数为2.0665l/mol,且在45mmol/L的甲基-β-环糊精溶液中,普拉洛芬的溶解度增加42倍,达到2.22mg/mL。同时计算机模拟表明,普拉洛芬的芳环端是由大口倾斜进入Me-beta-CD的空腔,包络作用以范德华力为主,分子间没有明显的氢键作用。     

分子包覆材料环糊精在化妆品工业中的应用

在全面概述环糊精性质与功能的基础上，进一步介绍了环糊精的改性研究工作，结合具体的应用实例，系统地阐述作为分子水平包覆的重要主体材料──环糊精及其衍生物在化妆品工业产品开发中能提供的有利技术条件及应用潜力。     

Chemically modified β-cyclodextrins in biphasic catalysis: a fruitful contribution of the host–guest chemistry to the transition-metal catalyzed reactions

Biphasic hydroformylation, Wacker oxidation and hydrocarboxylation of water insoluble olefins have been investigated in the presence of chemically modified β-cyclodextrins. In all cases, cyclodextrins appear more efficient than common mass transfer promoters to increase the activity and the selectivity of reactions. Most of the results are interpreted from the molecular recognition between the host cavity of modified cyclodextrins and substrate. The stability of the chemically modified cyclodextrins is also reported.     

The gas-phase chemistry of cyclodextrin inclusion complexes

Complexes of cyclodextrins with amino acid analytes are produced in the gas phase and are ideal for the study of molecular recognition. In this Account, we discuss the evidence for the presence of gas-phase inclusion complexes and the nature of the interaction. The use of cyclodextrins as chiral selectors in gas-phase guest-exchange reactions is illustrated, and the nature of the enantioselectivity is discussed. The development of the enantioselective reaction into an analytical method for determining enantiomeric excess is also described.     

环糊精包合客体分子机理的研究

环糊精具有独特的疏水空腔结构，与一些物质包合后．能显著改变这些物质的理化性能。本文在环糊精包合染料的基础上，探讨了环糊精包合客体分子的机理。认为包合物形成主要取决于环糊精和客体分子结构及两者作用力的大小。客体分子或其中某些基团的大小与环糊精空腔大小相近的易于包合，两者之间的作用力大小影响包合物的稳定性，疏水力是包合过程主要推动力。     

杯芳烃及其衍生物在色谱分离中的应用

杯芳烃是由多个苯酚在 2 ,6位通过亚甲基相连形成的大环化合物。它是继环糊精和冠醚之后的第三代超分子物质 ,兼有环糊精、冠醚之所长 ,具备更高的选择性。其分子识别功能在现代分离科学中有着广泛的应用。本文对其在色谱分离中的应用进行了综述和展望     

Review of molecular imprinting polymer: basic characteristics and removal of phenolic contaminants based on the functionalized cyclodextrin monomer

Cyclodextrins (CDs) are formed of starch molecules that are linked together in a cyclic ring. They are composed of five or more (1, 4) connected D-glucopyranoside units. CDs have toroidal, hollow truncated cone structures with exterior hydrophilic edges and internal hydrophobic cavities. The numerous hydroxyl groups available in cyclodextrins are active sites capable of forming various sorts of connections. They can be cross-linked or derived to generate monomers able to form branching or linear networks. Furthermore, they can form inclusion complexes with a variety of guest molecules, including organic and inorganic molecules, thus changing their physicochemical properties, The modification of the imprinting method could produce molecularly imprinted polymers that are stable, dependable, long-lasting, selective, and cost-effective. As a result, molecularly imprinted polymers are becoming increasingly popular in chemical separation and analysis. As found in previous studies, the monomers of cyclodextrins used in molecular imprinting have a higher binding impact on target molecules. The purpose of this study is to highlight the application of imprinting technology utilizing cyclodextrins as a valuable functional monomer in the remediation of phenolic compounds by examining and assessing relevant works published in the literature. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).     

Synthetic membranes containing schardinger cyclodextrin additives

The permeation characteristics of the isomers of such aromatics as dichlorobenzenes, nitrochlorobenzenes, xylenes, etc., through a Methocel HG membrane containing various amounts of Schardinger α-cyclodextrin and β-cyclodextrin additives were measured in liquid/liquid dialysis and pervaporation experiments. The results showed that the cyclodextrins are able to selectively mediate molecular transport through the Methocel HG membranes. In general, increased membrane selectivity and a decrease in permeation rates were observed. Permeation rates for some aromatic compounds were decreased several hundred times with only 25% amounts of additive cyclodextrins in the Methocel HG membranes. Concentration electrical potential and bi-ionic electrical potential in membranes containing the Schardinger cyclodextrin have been measured and also show that the cyclodextrins are able to induce ion transport selectively through nonionic membranes. Dynamic mechanical properties of Methocel HG membranes containing cyclodextrins suggest these additives to be antiplasticizing agents. A mechanism for the modification of the intrinsic membrane permeation properties by cyclodextrin additive involving antiplasticizing action by the additives plus induced tortuous diffusion, where the latter is a result of specific interactions between the cyclodextrin additive and the permeating molecules, is proposed.     

大环糊精的制备和理化性质研究进展

大环糊精是一类由9个及以上葡萄糖残基连接而成的环状麦芽聚糖。与三种常见环糊精相比,由于其分子环的尺寸较大,其结构和理化性质也表现出新颖的特性。从制备和理化性质等方面对大环糊精的最新研究进展进行概述。