几种单层桨搅拌槽内宏观混合特性的比较

为了丰富对向心桨的混合特性的认识,比较了向心桨、Rushton桨、三斜叶桨和穿流桨的单层桨搅拌槽内的宏观混合特性,考察了搅拌转速、桨叶离底高度对搅拌槽混合时间和功率特性的影响。结果表明,四种桨的宏观混合时间均随着搅拌转速的增加而减少,搅拌功率均随转速的增加逐渐增大。当转速相同时,四种桨型中Rushton桨的功率消耗最大,三斜叶桨功率消耗最小,向心桨的功率消耗仅仅比三斜叶桨高。桨叶离底高度的变化对四种桨型的混合时间和功率的影响不尽相同。混合效率的影响因素大小顺序为：搅拌转速>桨型>桨叶离底高度。在考察的四种桨型中,向心桨的混合效率最高。研究成果可为向心桨等新型搅拌桨的工业应用积累实验数据,为其优化设计和放大提供理论依据。     

几种单层桨搅拌槽内宏观混合特性的比较

为了丰富对向心桨的混合特性的认识,比较了向心桨、Rushton桨、三斜叶桨和穿流桨的单层桨搅拌槽内的宏观混合特性,考察了搅拌转速、桨叶离底高度对搅拌槽混合时间和功率特性的影响。结果表明,四种桨的宏观混合时间均随着搅拌转速的增加而减少,搅拌功率均随转速的增加逐渐增大。当转速相同时,四种桨型中Rushton桨的功率消耗最大,三斜叶桨功率消耗最小,向心桨的功率消耗仅仅比三斜叶桨高。桨叶离底高度的变化对四种桨型的混合时间和功率的影响不尽相同。混合效率的影响因素大小顺序为:搅拌转速桨型桨叶离底高度。在考察的四种桨型中,向心桨的混合效率最高。研究成果可为向心桨等新型搅拌桨的工业应用积累实验数据,为其优化设计和放大提供理论依据。     

装料系数对搅拌釜混合效果的实验研究

实验采用三叶后掠式桨叶和最新获得国家专利授权的一种具有内导流作用的搅拌桨进行比较,研究不同的装料系数下,搅拌釜混合效果情况。通过对两种搅拌桨在不同装料系数以及不同转数下的实验得到以下结论:(1)混合时间均随着装料系数的增大而增大,但随着搅拌转数的增大而减小;(2)循环次数随着装料系数的增加而减小,随着转数的增加而增大;(3)装料系数增大,搅拌桨的搅拌功增大;(4)挡板附近桨叶区粘釜量比远离桨叶区的粘釜量多;搅拌釜中的物料量对粘釜量有较大的影响,当液面高度升高时,搅拌混合效果变差,粘釜量减少。     

改进型框式组合桨搅拌釜内流场特性

对5m³树脂反应釜及釜内改进型框式-二斜叶双层组合桨等比例缩小建立模型,基于计算流体力学（CFD）中的多重参考系法对该双层组合桨搅拌釜流场进行了模拟研究,并利用粒子图像测速（PIV）实验对模拟结果进行了验证。分析了桨叶离底间距、桨间距及组合桨安装角度的变化对流场产生的影响。随着离底间距的增大,搅拌釜下层框式桨横梁处产生往槽底的轴向流强度会逐渐减弱,不利于底部物料的混合;桨间距的增加导致两桨间对流减弱,不利于两桨间流体的混合,当桨间距与釜内径的比值为0.77时,搅拌釜内的整体流动情况较好。对上下层桨叶安装角度分别为0°、45°和90°这3种工况下的釜内流场特性研究表明,安装角度为90°时,斜叶桨产生的轴向流强度最大,此时搅拌釜内流体的混合效果最好。研究结果为改进型框式桨与二斜叶桨双层组合桨应用于树脂聚合反应实际工程提供参考。     

聚合反应中搅拌状况对聚合物粒径大小的影响

以直径74mm无挡板的玻璃搅拌釜为反应釜，恒温水浴为热源，自来水为冷却水组成冷模聚合反应实验装置，采用蜂蜡为分散相，去离子水为连续相，span-80及Tween-60为乳化剂，分别研究了不同桨叶形式的搅拌状况对聚合物粒径大小的影响。结果表明，桨叶的最佳作用高度为距釜底27mm；低速下使用三叶后掠式搅拌桨粒径最小．高速下4种桨叶对粒径影响较小。     

无挡板悬浮聚合搅拌釜的粘釜规律

在φ300mm的有机玻璃釜中,用聚苯乙烯颗粒(PS)和粘胶建立了釜内流动条件对粘釜影响的冷模实验方法。研究了无挡板条件下搅拌釜内粘垢的产生及其分布规律,发现在相同搅拌功率下,各种搅拌桨叶对粘釜量的影响从低到高依次为双叶推进式桨、双叶45°斜桨、三叶后掠式桨、双叶60°斜桨、双叶平桨及六叶透平式桨,纵向分布随流型有所不同。并讨论了搅拌桨安装方式及搅拌转速对粘釜规律的影响。     

三叶后掠-HEDT组合桨搅拌釜内流场的模拟及实验

对应用于聚乙烯聚合反应中的三叶后掠-HEDT组合桨的搅拌釜内流场进行了模拟研究,分析组合桨的离底距C ₁、桨间距C ₂以及转速N的变化对搅拌釜内流场的影响,利用PIV实验对模拟结果进行了验证;将该组合桨与三叶后掠-六直叶圆盘涡轮组合桨进行了模拟对比研究。结果表明：当桨间距与釜内径的比为0.35时,釜内桨叶间的流体流动效果最好,该条件下能够改善搅拌釜上层流体的速度分布;当离底距与釜内径的比值为0.29时,组合桨下方出现了整体的环流,有利于釜底流体的混合;桨叶转速N=90 r/min时釜内流体速度分布均匀,同时上层HEDT桨叶产生的射流方向趋于水平。两种组合桨的对比研究表明：二者流型相近,但前者搅拌功率能够得到明显降低。研究结果可为三叶后掠-HEDT组合桨在聚乙烯聚合反应釜中的工程应用提供参考。     

搪玻璃搅拌釜新型档板设计及应用

介绍搪玻璃搅拌釜新型挡板的宽度、数量、型式、安装、密封等的设置原则，并举例说明。     

大型侧进式搅拌釜内湍流流场的数值模拟

采用计算流体力学(CFD)技术对直径和高度均为13 m的大型侧进式搅拌釜内均相宏观流场进行数值计算。结果表明,将计算域划分为大约90万网格时,计算得到的搅拌功率曲线与实验数据吻合较好;考察不同操作转速、搅拌桨安装角度及个数对釜内低速死区分布的影响,发现增大搅拌转速很难有效地消除水平面上的死区;搅拌桨垂直向下5.71°或水平偏转11°安装能明显改善流体运动。三桨和四桨搅拌体系对釜上部流场的优化要好于两桨体系;但在相同转速下,双桨、三桨和四桨搅拌釜的搅拌功耗分别是单桨搅拌釜的1.2倍、2.3倍和3.4倍。综合考虑,三桨体系搅拌效率较高。最后采用组分模型计算得到不同转速下三桨釜的混合时间。     

新型挡板对搅拌特性的影响研究

本文提出了一种中间断开并错开一定距离、倾斜15°的新型挡板,运用计算流体力数值模拟软件Fluent,分别对常规挡板和新型挡板搅拌釜在相同条件下的液-固搅拌过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明,新型挡板不仅可以提升搅拌釜中固体颗粒分布的均匀度、流体流动的湍动程度和桨叶上下两个循环速度,从而提高搅拌的混合效果,而且可以降低搅拌釜的搅拌功率,是一种性能优良的挡板。     

双叶片组合式搅拌器搅拌特性的实验研究

在水和羧甲基纤维素(CMC)水溶液中,对双叶片组合式搅拌器及国内4种搪玻璃搅拌器进行了实验研究,考察了桨形、转速及物料对各种搅拌器搅拌功率和混合时间的影响。实验表明,综合考虑搅拌功率和混合时间,双叶片组合式搅拌器在这两种介质中的混合效率最高。     

Effect of eccentricity on transitional mixing in vessel equipped with turbine impellers

In this paper, the results of the experimental studies of the mixing time, as well as the power consumption and baffle presence in the stirred tank with dual eccentrically located impellers are presented. The experiments were carried out in an unbaffled flat-bottomed cylindrical vessel. Three types of impellers were used: Rushton turbine, six pitched blade turbine and six flat blade turbine. The obtained data show that eccentricity of dual impeller systems leads to reduction of mixing time. Moreover, the experimental data confirmed the enlargement of power consumption in such systems. In the paper the analysis of relation between eccentricity ratio and mixing time has been performed.     

橡胶沥青搅拌罐内混合过程的数值模拟

针对橡胶粉与基质沥青混合过程中出现的漂浮、沉底、粘壁及挂料现象,建立了橡胶沥青搅拌罐的几何模型,基于计算流体力学软件对罐内混合过程进行非定常固液两相流数值模拟,分析了影响混合均匀性的因素,如桨叶直径、桨叶位置、挡板及搅拌速度等. 结果表明,尺寸适宜的桨叶直径与合适的桨叶位置有利于形成循环的轴向流,并减少定常流现象,安装挡板有效减少了切向流,搅拌器转速不影响内部流场的基本形态,但适宜的搅拌转速提高了混合均匀性. 混合均匀度与模拟结果印证,且当搅拌器直径800 mm、桨叶距离罐底680 mm、桨叶宽100 mm、搅拌速度280 r/min时,优化后橡胶粉的分布较均匀,混合均匀度为0.24,处于完全离底悬浮状态,模拟结果与实验结果较吻合.     

粉体混合过程及搅拌功率的DEM数值模拟和实验

采用数值模拟与功率测试相结合的方法,研究直叶桨式粉体混合机搅拌过程及搅拌功率、扭矩的变化规律。对粉体混合机内球形颗粒的混合过程进行离散单元法DEM数值模拟,研究直叶桨式粉体混合机内搅拌转速、搅拌桨直径、桨叶数目等特性参数对粉体混合时搅拌功率和扭矩的影响,并拟合得到功率计算公式。搭建粉体搅拌试验台,测试粉体搅拌功率并与模拟结果比较。结果表明,直叶桨式粉体混合机内功率消耗与搅拌桨转速、搅拌桨直径、桨叶数目等特性参数有密切关系。同时,扭矩值和功率值与搅拌桨转速、搅拌桨直径和桨叶数目都呈正相关。实验得到了与模拟类似的扭矩-转速关系以及功率-转速关系,模拟值与测试值具有较好的吻合性,验证了所推导公式的准确性。     

EFFECT OF IMPELLER DESIGN ON LIQUID PHASE MIXING IN MECHANICALLY AGITATED REACTORS

Liquid phase mixing time (θ_mix) was measured in mechanically agitated contactors of internal diameter 0.57 m, 1.0 m and 1.5 m. Tap water was used as the liquid phase. The impeller speed was varied in the range of 0.4-9.0 r/s. Three types of impellers, namely disc turbine (DT), pitched blade downflow turbine (PTD) and pitched-blade upflow turbine (PTU) were employed. The ratio of impeller diameter to vessel diameter (D/T) and the ratio of impeller blade width to impeller diameter (W/D) were varied over a wide range. The effects of impeller clearance from the tank bottom (C), the blade angle (φ), the number of blades (n_b), the blade thickness (k) and the total liquid height (H/T) were studied in detail. Mixing time was measured using the conductivity method.

Mixing time was found to have a strong dependance on the flow pattern generated by the impeller. Mixing time was found to decrease by decreasing the impeller clearance in the case of DT and PTU. However in the case of PTD it increases with a decrease in the impeller clearance. Similar trend of the effect of impeller clearance on θ_mix, was observed for all the other PTD impellers with different diameter, number of blades and blade angle (except 60^° and 90^°). All the impeller designs were compared on the basis of power consumption and on this basis optimum design recommendations have been made. For PTD impellers, a correlation has been developed for the dimensionless mixing time.     

Gas‐Liquid Floating Particle Mixing in an Agitated Vessel

The influence of impellers and baffles on the mixing of gas‐liquid floating particles in agitated vessels was investigated. Fifty‐two kinds of impeller combinations and twelve types of baffle arrangements were used. The associated power, gas holdup and solids concentration at the vessel bottom were measured. It is concluded that the mixing characteristics of three‐stage impellers were superior to those of two‐stage impellers for aspect ratios larger than 1.6. The optimal combination of impellers and baffles was proposed. The correlations of the relative power and the gas holdup for the optimal combination of impellers under all types of baffles were obtained.     

POWER CONSUMPTION IN MECHANICALLY AGITATED CONTACTORS USING PITCHED BLADED TURBINE IMPELLERS

Power consumption was measured in mechanically agitated contactors of internal diameter 0.3 m, 0.57 m, 1.0 m and 1.5 m. Tap water was used as a liquid in all the experiments. The impeller speed was varied in the range of 0.3-13.33 r/s. Three types of impellers, namely disc turbine (DT), pitched-blade downflow turbine (PTD) and pitched blade upflow turbine (PTU) were employed. The ratio of the impeller diameter to vessel diameter (D/T) and the ratio of impeller blade width to impeller diameter (W/D) were varied over a wide range. The effects of impeller clearance from the tank bottom (C), blade angle (φ), total liquid height (H/T), number of impeller blades (n_b) and blade thickness (t_b) were studied in detail. Power consumption was measured using a torque table

Power number was found to have a strong dependence on the flow pattern generated by the impeller. Unlike, DT and PTU, the power number of PTD was found to increase with a decrease in clearance. The PTD (T/3) was found to have the lowest power number in all the vessels and the power number increased with either a decrease or an increase in the impeller diameter from T/3. The dependence of power number on impeller diameter was found to be more prominent when the D/T ratio was more than 0.3. In general, the power number was found to increase with an increase in blade angle and blade width. The effect of blade width was found to be more prominent in larger diameter vessels. A correlation has been developed for power number in the case of PTD impellers.     

CFD Investigation of the Mixing of Yield‐Pseudoplastic Fluids with Anchor Impellers

The study was carried out to simulate the 3D flow domain in the mixing of pseudoplastic fluids possessing yield stress with anchor impellers, using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package. The multiple reference frames (MRF) technique was employed to model the rotation of the impellers. The rheology of the fluid was approximated using the Herschel–Bulkley model. To validate the model, the CFD results for the power consumption were compared to the experimental data. After the flow fields were calculated, the simulations for tracer homogenization were performed to simulate the mixing time. The effects of impeller speed, fluid rheology, and impeller geometry on power consumption, mixing time, and flow pattern were explored. The optimum values of c/D (impeller clearance to tank diameter) and w/D (impeller blade width to tank diameter) ratios were determined on the basis of minimum mixing time.     

逆流桨强化搅拌槽内流体混沌混合及流场结构失稳研究

在传统三斜叶桨的基础上,结合逆流桨结构,提出三斜叶逆流桨,以破坏或者消除搅拌槽内稳定的对称性流场结构,提高流体传递效率及混沌混合程度。结合实验和模拟两种方法,主要研究了上推式三斜叶桨(PBTU)、外推内压式三斜叶逆流桨(PBTC-U)、外压内推式三斜叶逆流桨(PBTC-D)三种桨叶体系以及不同外层桨叶长度的PBTC-U桨体系内搅拌功耗、混合时间、混沌特性参数、流场结构以及流体速度分布。实验结果表明,N=130 r/min时,PBTC-U桨相对于PBTU桨和PBTC-D桨,体系混合时间分别从22.0、37.5 s缩短到16.5 s,功耗分别降低了5.6%和12.8%,LLE值分别提高了13.69%和37.01%。在确定PBTC-U桨适宜外层桨叶长度的研究中发现当外层桨叶长度D₂=0.375D时,搅拌功耗最低且混合时间最短。PBTC-U型逆流桨通过内外层桨叶的逆流作用,强化体系内流体的随机运动,使得流场的不稳定性得到增强,对称性被破坏,进而流场结构失稳,流体混合效率得到提高。另外,PBTC-U桨可以增强流体轴、径向速度分布的波动性,有利于提高体系的混合效率。