miR-34a在辐射损伤效应中的作用

miR-34a位于染色体1p36.23区,作用于多种靶基因。miR-34a的异常表达可诱发细胞凋亡、周期阻滞和细胞分化,也可降低肿瘤细胞的转移,被认为是一种肿瘤抑制因子。抑癌基因p53可以激活miR-34a,miR-34a也可反馈调节p53表达。电离辐射诱导的miR-34a异常表达在DNA损伤修复、细胞凋亡、细胞周期调节和细胞辐射敏感性中发挥重要作用。本文综述电离辐射诱导miR-34a的产生及其参与的生物学反应和调控机制。     

12C^6＋离子束诱导HeLa细胞DNA损伤效应

本文研究了HeLa细胞经过12C^6＋离子柬辐照之后的DNA损伤效应,及辐照后p53激活的分子机制。运用中性单细胞电泳技术,检测了HeLa细胞经过4Gy12C6＋离子束辐照间隔0、3、6和12h之后DNA的损伤情况,及0.5、1、2和4Gy12C^6＋离子束辐照后即时的DNA损伤情况。同时运用细胞生长实时监测仪监测了HeLa细胞在经过0、0．5和1Gy也C6＋离子束辐照之后的生长变化,并运用AO／EB双染检测了辐照细胞24h后的凋亡情况。另外,利用8mmol／L的咖啡因[抑制ATM（ataxia-telangiectasia,mutated）和ATR（ATMand Rad3．relatedkinase）1和20μmol／L的wortmannin[抑制ATM和DNA—PK（DNA-dependent protein kinase）】处理HeLa细胞后再进行1Gy12C^6＋离子束辐照,通过westernblot检测p53的表达。结果显示,12C^6＋离子束辐照可造成HeLa细胞的DNA损伤,损伤随剂量升高而升高但随测定间隔时间降低,诱导HeLa细胞发生凋亡;而且辐照后p53表达升高。结果证明12C^6＋离子束辐照可造成HeLa细胞的DNA损伤并诱导损伤修复及凋亡等效应,损伤效应相关因子p53被激活,并且激活依赖于ATM。     

细胞周期调控与细胞抗辐射能力

电离辐射作用后的细胞能够启动多种信号通路，用于维持基因组的完整性。其中细胞周期调控是决定细胞抗辐射能力的一个重要因素。由电离辐射诱导的DNA损伤能最终使细胞周期产生暂时的阻滞，以利于一部分DNA损伤得到修复；或者产生不可逆的细胞周期阻滞，使细胞走向凋亡或坏死。因此，恰当的细胞周期阻滞会给DNA损伤修复提供一定的时间，从而有利于细胞生存。对该领域的深入研究，将会为研制辐射增敏剂和辐射防护剂提供一种新的思路。     

Tip60过表达对细胞DNA辐射损伤修复及细胞周期的影响

为了探讨Tip60对细胞DNA损伤修复及细胞周期的影响及其相关机制,通过在U2OS细胞中稳定转染外源Tip60基因,分析了细胞增殖能力及DNA双链断裂修复能力,以及辐射后引起的细胞周期阻滞和细胞周期相关蛋白表达变化。结果发现Tip60在U2OS细胞中的稳定表达降低了细胞增殖能力却提高了细胞DNA损伤修复能力,并通过引起电离辐射诱发CyclinB/CDC2复合物表达水平下降,导致细胞G2/M期阻滞延长。     

受辐射肝癌细胞所诱导旁效应与p53的关系

通过检测受照射细胞及与其共培养旁细胞的损伤情况及p53抑制剂对其的影响,研究了肝癌细胞辐射敏感性及辐射诱导的旁效应与p53的关系.发现肝癌细胞的辐射敏感性与p53密切相关:野生型p53辐射敏感性最高,突变型的次之,缺失型的敏感性最低.同时,辐射诱导的旁效应与p53状态亦密切相关,仅野生型p53肝癌细胞(HepG2)对旁细胞(chang氏肝细胞)具有旁效应,且未受照射旁细胞中产生的微核具有明显的剂量效应和时间效应;而突变型(PLC)和缺失型(Hep3B)的肝癌细胞几乎不能诱导辐射旁效应的产生.另外,p53抑制剂可显著抑制辐射旁效应的产生.     

辐射敏感性和基因

综述了一些癌基因、肿瘤抑制基因和DNA修复基因对细胞电离辐射敏感性的影响。涉及到癌基因在细胞辐射反应中的作用,尤其是那些已被广泛研究的癌基因,如ras基因家族。对于肿瘤抑制基因,主要综述了p53,这是一种被认为能影响辐射敏感性的基因。一般认为细胞周期中有检点因子,并假定它能捕获G_1期受照细胞使之在进入DNA合成期前修复损伤。目前有6种DNA修复基因已在哺乳动物细胞中克隆化,但仅有一种XRCC1涉及     

氚水β射线照射对大鼠胚胎脑细胞增殖的影响

采用流式细胞术、MTT方法、细胞色素C还原法、逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)及脉冲电场凝胶电泳方法(PFGE),分别检测大鼠受0～3.7×106Bq/mL氚水(HTO)作用后神经元细胞的凋亡、增殖抑制、超氧阴离子(O2-)释放、p53基因表达与DNA断裂损伤,观察氚水β射线照射对体外培养大鼠胚胎脑细胞的损伤效应。结果显示,随着氚水放射性浓度的增大,神经元细胞的凋亡率、增殖抑制率与p53mRNA表达量均增大,DNA断裂损伤程度随之加重,而O2-释放量随之减少。这说明氚水β辐射能使神经元细胞DNA双链断裂、促进其p53基因表达引发细胞凋亡及减少O2-释放来抑制增殖。     

辐射敏感性和基因(英文)

综述了一些癌基因、肿瘤抑制基因和DNA修复基因对细胞电离辐射敏感性的影响。涉及到癌基因在细胞辐射反应中的作用,尤其是那些已被广泛研究的癌基因,如ras基因家族。对于肿瘤抑制基因,主要综述了p53,这是一种被认为能影响辐射敏感性的基因。一般认为细胞周期中有检点因子,并假定它能捕获G_1期受照细胞使之在进入DNA合成期前修复损伤。目前有6种DNA修复基因已在哺乳动物细胞中克隆化,但仅有一种XRCC1涉及到人类细胞X射线损伤修复,当这种基因转入EM_9细胞时,XRCC1能纠正高水平姐妹染色单体互换率,但其表达似乎与人类头颈部肿瘤细胞的辐射敏感性无关。辐射敏感性是一个复杂的问题,它涉及许多因素。给出了一个照射后细胞反应过程的图解,提示电离辐射引发的一系列可能事件。     

电离辐射诱导EL-4淋巴瘤细胞G1期阻党政军及相关蛋白的表达

探讨X射线诱导EL－4细胞G1期阻滞及相关蛋白的表达。采用PI荧光标记 ,流式细胞术检测细胞周期的变化。用单克隆抗体免疫荧光标记,流式细胞术检测蛋白表达的变化。结果表明,2．0Gy和4.0Gy照射后12-72h,G1期EL－4细胞百分数显著高于假照射组（P＜0．05－p＜0.001).4.0Gy照射后EL-4细胞p53蛋白表达从照射后2h开始明显增高,持续至照射后24h(p＜0．05－p＜0．001）;p21蛋白表达在照射后2h开始明显增高,持续至照射后48h(p＜0.05-p＜0.001);GADD45蛋白表达在照射后2h开始明显增高,持续至照射后48h(p＜0．05－p＜－0．001）;MDM2蛋白表达在照射后4h开始明显增高,持续至照射后24h（p＜0.05-p＜0.01）。结果提示,中等剂量X射线照射可诱导EL－4细胞G1期阻滞。p53、p21和GADD45蛋白表达在电离辐射诱导EL－4细胞G1期阻滞中起重要作用。     

褪黑素对小鼠脾淋巴细胞电离辐射损伤的防护作用

本文旨在探讨体内补充褪黑素 (melatonin ,MLT)对电离辐射所致小鼠脾淋巴细胞损伤的影响及其机制。实验采用昆明小鼠 ,连续 1周每天腹腔注射 0 .1mg/kg(体重 )的MLT ,第 8天给予 1～ 4Gy全身照射 ,2 4h后检测脾淋巴细胞数量的变化。另外 ,小鼠腹腔单次注射 0～ 2 .5mg/kg(体重 )的MLT ,60min后给予 2GyX射线全身照射 ,1 2h后检测脾淋巴细胞凋亡及细胞周期时相 (用流式细胞术 )和DNA裂解率 (用荧光分光光度法 )的变化。结果发现 :小鼠连续 1周腹腔注射MLT ,1 .0～ 4.0Gy照射后 2 4h ,脾淋巴细胞数呈剂量依赖性降低 (p <0 .0 1 ) ;而受照前连续 1周注射MLT( 0 .1mg·kg- 1·d- 1) ,预先给予MLT组脾淋巴细胞数比预先不给予MLT组显著增高 (p <0 .0 5 )。 2GyX射线全身照射后 1 2h ,细胞凋亡小体百分率和DNA裂解率与对照组相比显著升高 (p <0 .0 1 ) ,G0 /G1期和G2 +M期细胞百分数增高 (p <0 0 5 ) ,S期细胞百分数降低 (p <0 .0 1 ) ,细胞发生G1和G2 期阻滞 ;而照射前单次注射MLT ,其凋亡小体百分率和DNA裂解率均显著降低 (p<0 .0 5或p <0 .0 1 ) ,G1期阻滞缓解 ,G2 期阻滞加剧。以上结果表明照射前预先补充MLT可减轻电离辐射所致小鼠脾淋巴细胞损伤 ,对小鼠免疫功能具有保护作用     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

The preclinical pharmacological study of dopamine transporter imaging agent 18F-FP-β-CIT

The paper is to study pharmacologic characteristics of 18F-FP-β-CIT (18F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β- carbomethoxy-3β- (4-iodophenyl)nortropane) as an imaging agent for dopamine transporter. The radiochemical purity of 18F-FP-β-CIT in aqueous solution was over 95% after standing at room temperature for 4h. Biodistribution displayed rapid uptake in rat brain (1.375 %ID/organ at 5min and 0.100 %ID/organ at 180 min) and the striatal uptake was 1.444,0.731, 0.397, 0.230 and 0.146 %ID/g at 5, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min, respectively. The values of striatum/cerebellum,striatum/frontal cortex and striatum / hippocampus in rat's brain at 30 min were 3.38, 2.17 and 2.40 respectively. The uptake in striatum can be blocked by β-CFT, suggesting that 18F-FP-β-CIT binds to DAT peculiarly. The compound was rapidly cleared from monkey's blood. The striatal uptake was bilaterally decreased in the left-sided lesioned PD rats, compared with normal control. Brain PET imaging studies in normal monkey showed that 18F-FP-β-CIT was concentrated in striatum. The test of undue toxicity showed that the dose received by mice was 1250 times as by human, which indicates that 18F-FP-β-CIT is very safe. So 18F-FP-β-CIT is a promising PET imaging agent for DAT with safety and validity.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 16(2014)

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Radioactivity levels in soil of salt field area,Kelambakkam,Tamilnadu,India

Soil samples in and around salt field area have been analyzed for natural radioactivity concentration using gamma ray spectrometer.The activity concentration for ~(232)Th,~(238)U and ~(40)K are ranged from 27.88 to 45.27 Bq/kg, from BDL to 13.30 Bq/kg,and from 135.54 to 381.28 Bq/kg,respectively.The measured activity concentrations for these radionuclides were compared with world average activity of soil.The average activity concentration of ~(232)Th in the present study is 1.19 times higher than world median value while the activity of ~(238)U and ~(40)K is found to be lower. The absorbed dose rates due to these radionuclides were calculated.The average absorbed gamma dose rate due to the presence of ~(232)Th,~(238)U and ~(40)K in soil samples is 36.99 nGy·h~(-1).These results indicate no radiological anomaly. The data presented in this study will serve as a base line survey for primordial radionuclides concentration in the study area.