Co-Cr-W系等离子弧堆焊合金层显微结构的研究

用金相显微镜，X射线衍射(XRD)，扫描电镜(SEM)，透射电镜(TEM)和X射线能谱(EDS)对等离子弧堆焊Co—Cr—W系多元合金层进行了研究，结果表明，合金层基体为具有(200)晶面择优取向的Co基固溶体，Co基固溶体中存在许多堆垛层错；与固溶体组成共晶体的碳化物主要为具有六方点阵并含有层片状孪晶的(Cr,Fe)7C3。     

钴基合金粉末等离子弧堆焊的显微结构

对钴基多元合金粉末等离子弧堆焊层的金相组织、X射线衍射、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)的研究结果表明，合金层基体为具有(200)晶面择优取向的Co基固溶体，Co基固溶体中存在许多堆积层错；与固溶体组成共晶体的碳化物主要为具有六方点阵并含有层片状孪晶的(Cr，Fe)7C3。     

Cr12MoV模具钢激光熔覆Ni基、Co基合金的组织与性能

利用5kW的横流CO2激光器在Cr12MoV钢表面分别熔覆Stellie6和Ni60合金粉末，并利用X射线衍射、光学显微镜分析了合金熔覆层的金相组织和相组成；测量了合金熔覆层的显微硬度，并用M-200环-块磨损试验机研究了其磨损性能。结果表明，激光处理层存在熔覆区、结合区和基体热影响区三个区域。由于基材为淬火组织，故在热影响区中存在二次淬火区和回火区，最高硬度存在于二次淬火区。Stellie6合金熔覆层由枝晶Co基固溶体及Cr23C6、Cr7C3和CoCx碳化物、WC等相组成；Ni60合金熔覆层由Ni基固溶体及NiCrFe相、γ-Fe基固溶体、Cr23C6、Cr7C3型碳化物和Cr2B硼化物等相所组成。Ni60合金熔覆层比Stellie6合金熔覆层具有更高的硬度，Ni60熔覆层的耐磨性要比Stillite6熔覆层好。     

Fe—C—∑X多元合金等离子弧喷焊组织结构和性能研究

借助扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、能谱分析仪和显微硬度计研究了Fe-C-∑X多元合金等离子弧喷焊的组织、结构和显微硬度。结果表明，喷焊合金层主要由以7(Fe、Ni)为基的固溶体，以及分布在其中的Cr5-xSi3-y(C，B)x y(属于复杂六角结构)和CrB等硼、碳化物组成；经过600℃时效60h后，合金层的组织和物相发生了很大的变化，析出了新的化合物相(Cr，Fe)7(C，B)3和Cr2B，使合金层剖面显微硬度明显提高。     

TaC、Cr_3C_2对WC-Co硬质合金组织和性能的影响

研究了添加：TaC、Cr3C2对WC－10Co合金组织结构和性能影响，讨论了相关机理。结果表明，少量添加TaC（2－m％）、Cr3C2（0．44m％）可导致WC－10Co合金的WC晶粒明显细化’WC邻接度下降，γ相平均自由程减小，但强韧性有所下降；Cr3C2助长WC－10Co合金WC晶粒断续长大；TaC－WC固溶体耐碱蚀性差；合金断口中沿WC—WC品界脆断比例增加，TaC－WC固溶体晶粒倾向于穿晶劈裂。工艺中控制TaC、Cr3C2添加量、确保WC～Cr3C2粉碳化完善以及同时添加TaC、Cr3C2对确保合金材质至关重要。     

熔模铸造Co22合金的高温氧化性及氧化层生长

研究了熔模铸造钴基高温合金22Co-21Ni-29Cr-2.2Nb-Fe在1 050、1 150和1 250℃下的恒温氧化行为,并采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜及能谱仪分析了合金氧化层形貌及成分。结果表明,Co22合金在1 050~1 250℃下的氧化增重遵守二次抛物线规律,且随着温度的升高而增大;合金在氧化后形成了连续的氧化层,其中内层为Cr2O3氧化膜,外层由(Fe,Ni,Co,Cr)3O4尖晶石和少量的CrNbO4构成。合金氧化层的生长可分为3个阶段,第1阶段氧化层为Cr2O3氧化膜,第2阶段氧化层由内Cr2O3层与离散分布在外表面的Fe,Ni,Co和Nb的氧化物组成,且在氧化层的外表面出现了沿基体晶界分布的岛状氧化物区,第3阶段形成了外(Fe、Ni、Co、Cr)3O4尖晶石-内Cr2O3的双层氧化层结构并伴有少量的CrNbO4离散分布于外表面。     

镍基合金广义层错能的第一性原理研究

采用投影缀加波赝势和广义梯度近似方法计算纯镍以及含主要合金元素Cr、Co、Nb、Mo、W、Ru、Re的镍基固溶体合金的广义层错能.计算结果表明:合金元素与镍的原子半径差值△R及价电子数差值△V同时影响镍基固溶体合金的层错能和不稳定层错能,且合金元素对合金层错能的影响更为显著;镍基合金中位错交滑移和攀移能力主要与合金不稳定层错能和层错能的差值有关,其中Re、W和Mo是镍基合金最有效的固溶强化合金元素.     

激光熔化沉积Co／Co3Mo2Si三元金属硅化物耐磨合金显微组织

为改善三元金属硅化物Co3Mo2Si耐磨合金的室温韧性,利用激光熔化沉积方法制备了钴基固溶体增韧的Co3Mo2Si三元金属硅化物合金.结果表明:其显微组织由Co3Mo2Si初生树枝晶和枝晶间少量Co/Co3Mo2Si共晶组成;Co/Co3Mo2Si金属硅化物合金的硬度随Co3Mo2Si初生树枝晶体积分数的增加而提高;与激光熔化沉积Co3Mo2Si单相三元金属硅化物相比,钴基固溶体增韧的Co3Mo2Si三元金属硅化物合金的韧性显著改善,枝晶间钴基固溶体或Co/Co3Mo2Si共晶体积分数越高,合金的韧性越好.     

激光熔覆Stellite硬面合金扫描速度对相组织和耐磨性的影响

本文报导应用横流式连续CO_2激光器,采用不同激光扫描速度,对熔覆Stellite 12钴基硬面合金的合金层的相组成、微观组织结构对耐磨性和显微硬度影响的研究结果。表明:(1)激光熔覆合金层是由过饱和的γ(Co,Cr)基体相和复杂的六方M_7C_3碳化物相所组成(2)在其他参数不变的情况下,随激光扫描速度的提高,γ(Co,Cr)基体相过饱和度增大,而析出的碳化物含量减少,因而合金层的硬度升高,耐磨性有所下降;而降低激光的扫描速度,碳化物M_7C_3析出增加,有利于提高合金层的耐磨性、因此碳化物M_7C_3析出量是提高耐磨性的主要因素,而增加基体相γ(Co,Cr)的过饱和度则是硬度提高的主要因素     

Fe-C-ΣX多元合金等离子弧喷焊组织结构和性能研究

借助扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、能谱分析仪和显微硬度计研究了Fe-C-ΣX多元合金等离子弧喷焊的组织、结构和显微硬度.结果表明,喷焊合金层主要由以γ(Fe、Ni)为基的固溶体,以及分布在其中的Cr 5-xSi 3-y(C,B) x+y(属于复杂六角结构)和CrB等硼、碳化物组成;经过600℃时效60 h后,合金层的组织和物相发生了很大的变化,析出了新的化合物相(Cr,Fe)7(C,B)3和Cr2B,使合金层剖面显微硬度明显提高.     

Plasma cladding of Stellite 6 powder on Ni76Cr19A1Ti exhausting valve

Heavy duty engine valve head was prepared by Ni76Cr19A1Ti alloy. It was coated by cobalt-base alloy on the surface to promote its wear-resistance. Hardness tester, metallograph, scanning microscopy, energy spectrum and X-ray diffraction were used to analyze the mechanical properties, the microstructure of the welds and the coated layer of cobalt-base alloy. The results show that the grains are obviously coasened in the side of Ni76Cr19A1Ti alloy in the welds and it contains a typical dentritic structure in the side cobalt-base alloy. It is found that micro-strain in weld is stronger than that in heat-effected-zone. Micro-strain in nickel-base alloy is stronger than that cobalt-base alloy. There are not obvious imperfects in the weld. Hardness in cobalt-base alloy is more than 390HV and the major carbides in cobalt-base alloy are Cr7C3 and W2C.     

Plasma cladding of Stellite 6 powder on Ni76Cr19AlTi exhausting valve

Heavy duty engine valve head was prepared by Ni76Cr19AlTi alloy.It was coated by cobalt-base alloy on the surface topromote its wear-resistance.Hardness tester,metallograph,scanning microscopy,energy spectrum and X-ray diffraction were used toanalyze the mechanical properties,the microstructure of the welds and the coated layer of cobalt-base alloy.The results show that thegrains are obviously coasened in the side of Ni76Cr19AlTi alloy in the welds and it contains a typical dentritic structure in the sidecobalt-base alloy.It is found that micro-strain in weld is stronger than that in heat-effected-zone.Micro-strain in nickel-base alloy isstronger than that cobalt-base alloy.There are not obvious imperfects in the weld.Hardness in cobalt-base alloy is more than 390HVand the major carbides in cobalt-base alloy are Cr7C3 and W2C.     

Passivation and corrosion behaviours of cobalt and cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy

Passivation and corrosion behaviour of the cobalt and cobalt-base alloy Co30Cr6Mo was studied in a simulated physiological solution containing chloride and bicarbonate ions and with pH of 6.8. The oxido-reduction processes included solid state transformations occurring at the cobalt/electrolyte interface are interpreted using theories of surface electrochemistry. The dissolution of cobalt is significantly suppressed by alloying it with chromium and molybdenum, since the alloy exhibited “chromium like” passivity. The structural and protective properties of passive oxide films formed spontaneously at the open circuit potential or during the anodic polarization were studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in the wide frequency range.     

Cr12模具钢合金激光熔覆层的组织和性能研究

在Cr12模具钢材料表面上,分别进行了PHNi-60A、PHNi25WC-60A和Stellite6三种合金粉末的激光熔覆实验,并对实验结果进行分析。结果表明:Cr12模具钢表面上可实现镍基合金和钴基合金的激光熔覆,可获得较好的冶金界面结合;激光熔覆后表面的耐磨损性能比熔覆前的基体耐磨损性能有较大的提高;表面硬度在不同程度上都得到提高,硬度峰值出现在次表层,其最大值为1049HV0.2;微观结构是由平面晶和枝晶构成的共晶组织,并有多种合金相分布在枝晶间。     

时效硬化Cu-2Ti合金表面纳米化过程研究

研究了Cu-2Ti(质量分数,%,下同)合金固溶态和时效态的表面纳米化过程,并对其显微组织进行了初步分析表征。结果表明:Cu-2Ti合金固溶+表面纳米化、固溶+时效+表面纳米化的表面都出现了明显的分层现象。最表层组织均匀、晶粒细小,厚度依纳米化时间不同而异,是剧烈塑性变形导致的细晶层;该层与基体粗晶层之间界面明显,呈现高密度的形变孪晶,没有从细晶到粗晶的过渡区。这可能是由于晶粒的细化,使得变形机制由孪生到位错滑移转化而引起的。固溶+表面纳米化+时效态试样在分层界面处硬度急剧升高,分析认为可能是析出强化、孪生强化以及细晶强化共同作用的结果,显著提高了表层的硬化深度。     

Improvement of surface corrosion resistance for magnesium alloy by combining thermal spray and cast-infiltration

The present work focuses on a new method combining cast-infiltration with thermal spraying technology to improve the surface corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy.A zinc-based alloy layer was fabricated on the surface of AZ91D magnesium alloy. The microstructure of the layer was characterized by scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS).The phase constituent of these alloys was identified by X-ray diffractometry(XRD).The analysis results reveal that a zinc-based alloy layer with a thickness of 700μm can form on the surface of AZ91 alloy matrix.The layer is composed of Mg7Zn3,MgZn and a small amount of α-Mg solid solution.The results indicate that the corrosion-resistance of the specimen with a zinc-based alloy layer is much better than that of the specimen without the layer after being immersed in 5%NaCl solution for 240 h, and the layer is more protective for the AZ91 alloy.     

铜合金表面铸渗的工艺参数及组织分析

利用铸渗法对铜合金表面进行改性,用Ni-Cr合金粉末作为渗剂在负压条件下进行浇注,在铜合金铸件的特定表面得到组织结构不同于基体的渗层.经SEM观察,发现渗层与基体呈冶金熔合状态,界面结合良好;熔合的最内层以Cu基固溶体为主,外层是以渗剂粉末为基的固溶体,中间为过渡层.     

CVD制备Nb-W合金的显微组织和性能

采用化学气相沉积（CVD）法制备Nb-W二元合金材料,通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针和显微硬度仪研究了Nb-W二元合金的显微组织、力学性能。结果表明,CVD法制备的Nb-W二元合金具有规则角度层状结构特征,层状结构主要以柱状晶为主,并伴随着相应的成分起伏：层与层连接处以Nb为基体,周围分布有Nb-W固溶体,层内以Nb-W固溶体为基体,周围分布着Nb原子。宏观上在沿着晶体生长方向上开始基本以W原子为主形成一个W层,随后经过（NbW）固溶过渡到Nb原子;而微观上Nb和W原子的分布又显现出含量交替变化的特征。利用有限元模拟计算分析验证Nb-W合金材料的层状结构,以及层间的成分差异,发现层间晶粒尺寸的交叠差异对力学性能起到了明显的提升作用。揭示了Nb-W合金CVD成型机理与强化机制。