离子渗氮温度对Fe-C-Cr-Ni-Mn-V沉淀硬化型奥氏体不锈钢渗层组织和性能的影响

采用离子渗氮工艺对一种Fe-C-Cr-Ni-Mn-V沉淀硬化型奥氏体不锈钢进行表面改性处理。利用光学显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、电子探针显微分析仪(EPMA)和维氏硬度计对不同离子渗氮温度下渗层的组织和性能进行了研究。结果表明,Fe-C-Cr-Ni-Mn-V沉淀硬化型奥氏体不锈钢经430~520 ℃离子渗氮处理10 h后,试样表面均形成一层厚度均匀的渗氮层,表面硬度显著增大。随着离子渗氮温度的升高,渗层厚度增大,520 ℃渗氮时渗层厚度达到78 μm。当渗氮温度为430 ℃时,渗层表面主要由γ_N+CrN+γ′-Fe₄N相组成;当渗氮温度升高至520 ℃时,渗层表面主要由γ′-Fe₄N+CrN+ε-Fe_2-3N相组成。在3种渗氮温度下,渗层中均有CrN析出,导致渗层耐蚀性低于基体组织。     

2Cr13不锈钢活性屏等离子体源渗氮层组织与耐蚀性能

目的 探讨活性屏等离子体源渗氮技术提高马氏体不锈钢硬度与耐蚀性能的可行性。方法 将2Cr13马氏体不锈钢进行350～550℃、6 h活性屏等离子体源渗氮处理,采用光学显微镜（OM）、电子探针显微分析仪（EPMA）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）分析渗氮层的组织、成分和相结构,使用显微硬度计测试渗氮层的显微硬度,利用电化学腐蚀试验解析评估渗氮层的耐蚀性能。结果 经活性屏等离子体源渗氮处理后,可在马氏体不锈钢表面形成厚度为2～45μm,N原子分数为20%～25%的渗氮层,其表面显微硬度达1050～1350HV0.25,是基体硬度的4～5倍。350℃时,渗氮层以ε-Fe_2-3N相为主,且含有少量αN相;450℃时,渗氮层由αN、ε-Fe_2-3N和γ’-Fe₄N相构成;渗氮温度升至550℃时,渗氮层由α-Fe、CrN和γ’-Fe4N相构成,αN、ε-Fe2-3N相消失。350、450℃时,渗氮层在3.5%NaCl溶液中的阳极极化曲线出现明显钝化区,而未渗氮的2Cr13不锈钢并未发现钝化区,自腐蚀电位E_corr由未渗...     

3Cr13钢450℃不同气氛等离子体渗氮层表征

对3Cr13钢在450 ℃氨气和氨氮混合气氛中分别渗氮4、8和12 h后的渗氮层进行了对比。利用光学显微镜、显微硬度计、X射线衍射仪、电化学工作站对渗氮层截面显微组织、显微硬度、相组成以及耐蚀性进行了表征。氨气渗氮层由化合物层和白亮层组成,而氨气和氮气混合气氛渗氮层中没有出现白亮层。氨气渗氮12 h后,渗氮层的表面硬度为1050.0 HV0.05;表面化合物层主要相为ε-Fe_2-3N,次要相为γ′-Fe₄N,出现了少量的CrN,白亮层相组成为γ′-Fe₄N;渗氮后极化曲线钝化区变宽,自腐蚀电流密度减小,耐蚀性提高。氨氮混合气氛渗氮12 h后,渗层的表面硬度为998.0 HV0.05;气氛中N浓度升高,渗氮8 h后CrN含量增加,次要相由氨气渗氮8 h的γ′-Fe₄N变为CrN;随着渗氮时间延长至12 h,渗层的自腐蚀电流密度降低,钝化区略有变宽,耐蚀性略有提高。     

喷丸处理对55SiCr弹簧钢低温气体渗氮的影响

对55SiCr弹簧钢表面进行不同强度的喷丸处理,并在390 ℃进行低温气体渗氮12 h。利用超景深显微镜、显微硬度计、直读光谱仪以及X射线衍射仪（XRD）分析了渗氮层的显微组织、厚度、氮含量和相组成。结果表明,渗氮层主要由γ’-Fe₄N和α_N相组成,并有少量的CrN和Fe₃O₄。随喷丸强度增加,渗氮层组织更加均匀致密,渗氮层厚度、表面硬度和渗层氮含量均增加。     

马氏体不锈钢不同渗氮方法对比试验

采用离子渗氮、液体渗氮及气体渗氮对耐蚀耐热马氏体型热稳定不锈钢1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb进行表面改性,研究了不同渗氮方法下不锈钢的硬度、组织形貌、物相变化及脆性,并对3种渗氮方法下不锈钢的耐蚀性及耐高温磨损性能进行了比较。结果表明:3种渗氮方法均可大幅度提高不锈钢的表面硬度,且不同渗氮处理后不锈钢的渗层组织结构大致相同,但表面物相有所差异,离子渗氮后的表面物相主要为Fe₄N及少量CrN相,液体渗氮后为Fe₃O₄及ε相,气体渗氮后为Fe₃O₄、Fe₄N及少量ε相;3种渗氮方法均可提高不锈钢的耐磨损性能,特别是在500~600 ℃下的高温耐磨性得到了大幅提升,但不锈钢渗氮后的耐蚀性均有所降低。     

AISI316 不锈钢表面等离子渗硼及摩擦磨损性能的研究

目的改善AISI316不锈钢的摩擦磨损性能。方法采用双辉等离子合金化技术,以块状Fe B化合物作为源极材料,在AISI316不锈钢表面制备含硼改性层,对渗层组织、成分、相结构和显微硬度进行分析,并研究改性层在干摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损性能。结果经渗硼处理后,AISI316不锈钢表面形成了一层连续、致密、均匀的改性层,主要由Mo2B和Fe B相组成。改性层具有较高的硬度(964HV0.1),较基体硬度提高了约3倍,且耐磨性较基体有明显提高。结论通过在AISI316不锈钢表面制备渗硼改性层,可明显提高基体材料的硬度和摩擦磨损性能。     

AISI 316不锈钢表面银氮复合共渗及其磨损和抗菌性能

为提高奥氏体不锈钢的表面硬度和耐磨性并赋予其良好的抗菌性能,应用改进的活性屏离子渗氮技术(ASPN)对AISI 316不锈钢进行了银氮(Ag-N)共渗处理。用SEM、EDS、XRD、TEM、辉光放电光谱仪(GDOES)表征复合共渗层的成分和组织结构。对不锈钢基体(SS)和复合共渗层的显微硬度、空气和腐蚀介质中的磨损性能、抗腐蚀性能以及对金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)的抗菌性能进行了分析。结果表明,Ag-N复合共渗处理后形成的复合共渗层连续致密,主要由Ag掺杂S相纳米结构沉积层和S相扩散层构成。复合共渗层表面硬度较基材提高了约3~4倍,干摩擦条件下的磨损量较基体最高降低了约84.6%。复合共渗处理后试样在人工模拟体液(SBF)中的耐蚀性较基体不锈钢略有降低,比磨损率较基体降低了约35%。抗菌试验表明,复合共渗层与金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)接触12 h后,达到了100%的杀菌率。     

AISI420不锈钢表面低温渗氮层组织结构和耐蚀性能

对AISI420不锈钢进行低温等离子体渗氮处理,采用金相观察、X射线分析等手段对渗层组织结构进行表征,利用显微硬度仪以及腐蚀极化曲线等对渗层硬度和耐蚀性能进行测试。结果表明,不锈钢表面渗层组织均匀,渗层厚度随着温度和时间的增加而增加,渗层表面主要由Fe_4N和少量的过饱和含氮α相组成。渗氮后,不锈钢硬度明显增加,且随着时间的延长,渗层硬度升高;渗氮4 h和8 h后的试样耐蚀性均略有下降,但处理12 h后的试样耐蚀性升高,且经渗氮处理后,不锈钢表面形成钝化膜的半导体特性由未处理不锈钢的p型转变为n型。     

AISI 300系列奥氏体不锈钢渗氮层组织和性能研究

目的 在AISI 300系列奥氏体不锈钢表面制备单一S相渗氮层,提高该系列不锈钢渗氮层的硬度、抗磨损性能,对比揭示渗氮前后不锈钢的磨损机制。方法 采用低温辉光等离子渗氮技术(LTPNT)在AISI 300系列奥氏体不锈钢表面制备渗氮层。利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子探针(EPMA)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析渗氮层的截面形貌、元素分布和物相组成;通过比磨损率和磨痕形貌分析渗氮层的摩擦学性能;利用电化学实验考察渗氮前后3种不锈钢的耐蚀性。结果 AISI 300系列奥氏体不锈钢经380 ℃、12 h处理后,其表面获得了厚度为15 μm左右、与基体致密结合、组织成分均匀的渗氮层;渗氮层的相结构主要为S相,无CrN相析出;经渗氮后,该系列不锈钢表面硬度均为1 100HV左右,较基体硬度提高了5倍左右;不锈钢基体的磨损机理为黏着和磨粒磨损,经渗氮后转变为氧化磨损和微切削;渗氮层的比磨损率约为不锈钢基体的1/20,抗磨损的能力得到显著提升;在25 ℃环境温度下渗氮后,304L、316L和321的自腐蚀电位下降,腐蚀电流密度增加,腐蚀速率加快,耐腐蚀性能稍有降低。通过对比腐蚀形貌发现,渗氮层仍具有一定的耐蚀性能。结论 通过LTPNT可以获得高硬度、组织均匀致密、结合强度高的渗氮层,渗氮层中S相的存在可以显著提高AISI 300系列奥氏体不锈钢的表面硬度、抗磨损能力,降低其摩擦因数和比磨损率,对延长不锈钢的服役寿命有着积极的作用。     

等温扩散对氮碳共渗不锈钢表面的硬度影响的研究

利用等温扩散降低经盐浴氮碳共渗处理后的AISI 316L奥氏体不锈钢表面的硬度,并对硬化层的组织和性能进行分析研究.试验结果表明,等温扩散在允许的范围内降低了试样表面的硬度.在460℃时,随着扩散时间的延长,不锈钢表面的硬化层的厚度增加,最大厚度能达到了70μm.等温扩散后比扩散前的渗层更厚,硬度梯度更缓和.     

不锈钢表面含Cu功能梯度复合改性层的制备及抗菌性能

为提高奥氏体不锈钢(ASS)的耐磨性及赋予其抗菌性能,应用改进的活性屏离子渗氮(ASPN)技术,将纯铜冲孔板置于不锈钢冲孔板上面作为活性屏的顶盖,对316奥氏体不锈钢在低温下(430℃)进行表面渗氮处理,在其表面形成由含Cu抗菌沉积层和S相(氮在奥氏体中的过饱和固溶体γ_N)硬质支撑层组成的功能梯度复合改性层。用扫描电镜(SEM)及其所附能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)表征复合改性层的组织形貌、成分及相结构。用显微硬度计和往复摩擦磨损试验机测试了基体和复合改性层的显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能,用金黄色葡萄球菌进行体外抗菌试验评价复合改性层的抗菌性能。结果表明,在偏压达到250 V后,形成了连续分布的硬质S相扩散层和含Cu沉积层组成的复合改性层。改性层表面最高硬度可达928 HV0.05,与Si₃N₄小球对磨时比磨损率较基体降低约57.76%,显著提高了不锈钢的耐磨性。抗菌试验表明,复合改性层与金黄色葡萄球菌接触24 h后,对金黄色葡萄球菌抗菌率提高到98.5%。改进的活性屏离子渗氮技术制备的功能梯度复合改性层可以有效提高...     

Surface nanocrystallization by surface mechanical attrition treatment and its effect on structure and properties of plasma nitrided AISI 321 stainless steel

A plastic deformation surface layer with nanocrystalline grains was produced on AISI 321 austenitic stainless steel by means of surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT). Low-temperature nitriding of SMAT and un-SMAT AISI 321 stainless steel was carried out in pulsed-DC glow discharge. The effect of SMAT pretreatment on the microstructure and properties of the stainless steel were investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Vickers hardness tester and UMT-2MT tribometer. The results show that the plasma nitriding of AISI 321 steel can be enhanced considerably by means of SMAT process before nitriding, and a much thicker nitrogen diffusion layer with higher hardness was obtained for the SMAT samples when compared with un-SMAT samples. In addition, the wear resistance and load capacity of the nitrided layers on the SMAT samples was much higher than that of the un-SMAT samples due to the thicker S phase case and the gradient nitrogen diffusion layer.     

Improvement of corrosion and wear resistances of AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel using plasma nitriding at low temperature

The influence of low temperature plasma nitriding on the wear and corrosion resistance of AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel was investigated. Plasma nitriding experiments were carried out with DC-pulsed plasma in 25% N₂ + 75% H₂ atmosphere at 350 °C, 450 °C and 550 °C for 15 h. The composition, microstructure and hardness of the nitrided samples were examined. The wear resistances of plasma nitrided samples were determined with a ball-on-disc wear tester. The corrosion behaviors of plasma nitrided AISI420 stainless steel were evaluated using anodic polarization tests and salt fog spray tests in the simulated industrial environment.The results show that plasma nitriding produces a relatively thick nitrided layer consisting of a compound layer and an adjacent nitrogen diffusion layer on the AISI 420 stainless steel surface. Plasma nitriding not only increases the surface hardness but also improves the wear resistance of the martensitic stainless steel. Furthermore, the anti-wear property of the steel nitrided at 350 °C is much more excellent than that at 550 °C. In addition, the corrosion resistance of AISI420 martensitic stainless steel is considerably improved by 350 °C low temperature plasma nitriding. The improved corrosion resistance is considered to be related to the combined effect of the solid solution of Cr and the high chemical stable phases of ?-Fe₃N and α_N formed on the martensitic stainless steel surface during 350 °C low temperature plasma nitriding. However, plasma nitriding carried out at 450 °C or 550 °C reduces the corrosion resistance of samples, because of the formation of CrN and leading to the depletion of Cr in the solid solution phase of the nitrided layer.     

Improvement of Mechanical Properties of Martensitic Stainless Steel by Plasma Nitriding at Low Temperature

A series of experiments were carried out to study the influence of low temperature plasma nitriding on the mechanical properties of AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel. Plasma nitriding experiments were carried out for 15 h at 350℃ by means of DC- pulsed plasma in 25%N2＋ 75%H2 atmosphere. The microstructure, phase composition, and residual stresses profiles of the nitrided layers were determined by optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The microhardness profiles of the nitridied surfaces were also studied. The fatigue life, sliding wear, and erosion wear loss of the untreated specimens and plasma nitriding specimens were determined on the basis of a rotating bending fatigue tester, a ball-on-disc wear tester, and a solid particle erosion tester. The results show that the 350℃ nitrided surface is dominated by c-Fe3N and ON, which is supersaturated nitrogen solid solution. They have high hardness and chemical stabilities. So the low temperature plasma nitriding not only increases the surface hardness values but also improves the wear and erosion resistance. In addition, the fatigue limit of AISI 420 steel can also be improved by plasma nitriding at 350℃ because plasma nitriding produces residual compressive stress inside the modified layer.     

低温低压等离子弧辅助离子渗316L不锈钢的耐磨耐蚀性能

目的提高316L不锈钢的硬度、耐磨性。方法在400℃、2 Pa下,利用空心阴极直流弧辅助,进行了316L奥氏体不锈钢离子渗氮(PN)、离子氮碳共渗(PNC)及离子氮碳共渗加离子渗氮复合(PNC+PN)处理。针对处理后的样品,用莱卡显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、维氏硬度仪、3D形貌仪、球盘式摩擦磨损仪及电化学工作站等对组织、形貌、物相、机械性能及耐蚀性能进行表征。采用显微硬度计、微纳米综合力学系统测试分析处理后样品的力学性能。结果在空心阴极直流弧辅助下,三种工艺可获得超过3 mm/h的渗层生长速度。同316L不锈钢基体相比,PNC+PN复合处理样品的表面硬度提高3倍以上,在3.5%Na Cl中性电解质中的耐蚀电流密度降低约50%。结论 PNC处理和PNC+PN复合处理可获得更大的渗层厚度和更高的表面硬度,渗层中C、N含量越高,渗层组成相的晶格参数越大,渗层中产生的滑移带密度越大。低温低压等离子弧辅助离子渗不仅能有效提高316L不锈钢的表面硬度,还能提高不锈钢的耐蚀能力。     

Effect of heating post-treatment on nitrided stainless steel

Although plasma nitriding has been applied successfully to increase the hardness of austenitic stainless steels, the process cycles are long due to the low nitrogen diffusion rate for these steels. An alternative to reduce the nitriding time is to perform a heating treatment after nitriding to prolong the diffusion process. In this work we investigate the properties of plasma nitrided AISI 316 stainless steel after heating post-treatments. The samples were nitrided at 823 K during 3 h. After nitriding, heating post-treatments were performed in a vacuum furnace. The influence of the heating time, ranging from 1 up to 16 h, and heating temperatures, varying from 732 up to 873 K, on the surface properties was investigated. The samples were characterized using microhardness testing, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The nitriding treatment results in a compound layer 44 μm thick with a hardness of 1434 HV_0.1, consisting predominantly of γ'-[Fe₄N] and CrN phases. As expected, an increase of the compound layer thickness and a decrease of the surface hardness with heating time were observed. However, the microhardness profiles show that beneath the surface the layer hardness increases for long treatment times. New phases as Fe₃O₄ and FeCr₂O₄ appear and grow with increasing heating time.     

Intensified plasma-assisted nitriding of AISI 316L stainless steel

In the present study, processing of AISI 316L stainless steel (316ss) has been conducted by intensified plasma-assisted processing (IPAP). The processing parameters (bias voltage, current density, chamber pressure and substrate temperature) of IPAP have been varied in an effort to determine which conditions lead to the formation of a single-phase structure, ‘m’ phase, and evaluate the properties of this phase. The structural characteristics of the nitrided layers produced by IPAP have been investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis. Nanoindentation experiments have been performed over cross-section to determine hardness and elastic modulus profiles. Dry sliding wear and potentiodynamic aqueous corrosion experiments have been conducted to characterize 316ss nitrided by IPAP. IPAP has been successful in producing single-phase m with high hardness and in shorter processing time compared to diode plasma nitriding. The IPAP produced single-phase nitrided layer was found to possess higher hardness (fourfold increase over the unprocessed alloy), excellent wear and corrosion resistance.