合金元素对马氏体时效强化不锈钢耐腐蚀性能的影响

对4种不同成分的马氏体时效不锈钢进行96h中性盐雾试验，观测其锈蚀形貌。结果表明，Mo能有效地抑制氯离子的点腐蚀倾向，提高钢的抗晶间腐蚀能力；过高的Ti含量严重恶化合金钢的耐腐蚀性能；Cu的加入显著提高了合金钢的耐盐雾腐蚀能力。因此，从耐腐蚀性的角度考虑合金钢的成分进一步优化应适当降低Ti的含量，增加Mo和Cu的含量。     

Ni,Mo和Cu添加对13Cr不锈钢组织和抗CO_2腐蚀性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

采用正交实验法,通过等离子电弧炉制备添加不同含量Ni,Mo和Cu元素的13Cr不锈钢,研究合金的微观组织、结构特征以及饱和CO2油田采出液中的腐蚀电化学和高温高压浸泡腐蚀行为。结果表明:合金组织主要为马氏体和铁素体,随Ni,Mo和Cu含量不同而变化;Ni4Mo1.2Cu1.4合金中马氏体含量较高,硬度达到296.48HV1.0;所有合金均呈现出明显钝化特征,Ni4Mo1.2Cu1.4合金具有最低的维钝电流密度2.99×10-6A.cm-2和最高的点蚀电位0.35V(SCE),钝化稳定性最高;制备合金在高温高压下的浸泡腐蚀速率为0.041～0.053mm/a,低于0.076mm/a;Ni,Mo和Cu元素加入提高了合金的自腐蚀电位,降低了腐蚀倾向,其中Cu对于改善合金耐蚀性能作用最为突出。     

Ni,Mo和Cu添加对13Cr不锈钢组织和抗CO2腐蚀性能的影响

采用正交实验法,通过等离子电弧炉制备添加不同含量Ni,Mo和Cu元素的13Cr不锈钢,研究合金的微观组织、结构特征以及饱和CO2油田采出液中的腐蚀电化学和高温高压浸泡腐蚀行为。结果表明:合金组织主要为马氏体和铁素体,随Ni,Mo和Cu含量不同而变化;Ni4Mo1.2Cu1.4合金中马氏体含量较高,硬度达到296.48HV1.0;所有合金均呈现出明显钝化特征,Ni4Mo1.2Cu1.4合金具有最低的维钝电流密度2.99×10-6A.cm-2和最高的点蚀电位0.35V(SCE),钝化稳定性最高;制备合金在高温高压下的浸泡腐蚀速率为0.041～0.053mm/a,低于0.076mm/a;Ni,Mo和Cu元素加入提高了合金的自腐蚀电位,降低了腐蚀倾向,其中Cu对于改善合金耐蚀性能作用最为突出。     

高Mo含量钛合金的真空制备及耐蚀性能研究

针对Ti-Mo合金在真空制备时易出现Mo元素偏析、Mo金属夹杂及合金成分难于控制等问题，采用真空电弧自耗熔炼技术，从电极制备、电弧放电参数及熔炼次数等方面进行控制，制备出高Mo含量钛合金工业级铸锭，并研究了其耐腐蚀性能。结果表明：所制备Ti-Mo合金铸锭气体元素O含量不高于0.05%、H含量不高于0.001%、N含量不高于0.008%,Mo含量偏差小于0.9%；在室温H₂SO₄和HCl溶液中，Ti32Mo合金几乎不发生腐蚀反应；在75℃条件下，HCl溶液中Ti32Mo合金最大腐蚀速率不超过0.024mm/a,H₂SO₄中的最大腐蚀速率不超过0.067mm/a。     

3YC25合金腐蚀表面的俄歇电子能谱分析

使用俄歇电子能谱分析技术对3YC25合金(Ni-Mo-W-Cu)的腐蚀表面膜进行了分析,发现在最外层表面膜中有高于基体含量的Cu存在;含Cu合金表面膜中的Mo含量比不含Cu的明显增加,并有较充裕的氧存在,这对于构成致密完整的氧化膜是有利的。分析结果认为,Cu的加入对提高Ni-Mo合金耐非氧化性酸类介质腐蚀能力提供了依据。     

海洋大气环境下稀土及铌微合金钢的腐蚀行为研究

为给微合金钢的设计开发理论提供数据支撑,通过显微组织表征、干湿交替循环试验、中性盐雾试验和电化学分析等测试手段研究了稀土微合金钢和铌微合金钢在海洋大气环境中的腐蚀行为,对比分析了其耐腐蚀性能.结果表明:微合金钢的显微组织由铁素体和珠光体组成,并且铌微合金化有助于细化晶粒并能阻碍珠光体组织的形成.在腐蚀初期锈层的主要成分为γ-Fe2O3,γ-FeOOH,对于基体的保护性并不明显.随着暴露周期的延长,γ-FeOOH逐渐转化为α-FeOOH,提高了锈层对基体的保护作用,从而使腐蚀电流密度下降,提升了 2种钢的耐腐蚀性能.经过较长周期腐蚀后,铌微合金钢中晶粒的细化有利于增加表面锈层的致密性,α-FeOOH的含量相对较高,从而减慢了腐蚀速率.因此,相对于稀土微合金钢,铌微合金钢显示出更好的耐大气腐蚀性能.     

Cr含量对合金钢在弱碱性溶液中腐蚀行为的影响

目前,对含Cr合金钢在碱性溶液中的腐蚀行为鲜有研究报道。在合金钢中加入不同含量的Cr元素,采用浸泡法和电化学法研究Cr含量对合金钢在弱碱性钒钛磁铁矿浆中的腐蚀特性,利用XPS和SEM等手段分析腐蚀表面,并探讨了其腐蚀机理。结果表明:合金钢耐碱性溶液腐蚀性能随着合金中Cr含量的提高而增强,Cr13较Cr2提高1.63倍;合金钢表面钝化膜主要由Cr的氧化物和氢氧化物组成,较高的Cr含量有利于扩大合金钢钝化区间,提高金属的电极电位。     

Ti-Zr-Be-Cu-Co块体非晶合金在NaCl溶液中的冲刷腐蚀行为

为评价Ti基块体非晶合金的耐蚀性,以期今后在工业生产中的应用,采用失重法研究了Ti35Zr30Be2 4Cu7.5Co3.5块体非晶合金及其对应晶体成分在质量分数6%Na Cl溶液中0.2、0.4、0.6 m/s流速下的冲刷腐蚀行为.利用X射线分析(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)研究了Ti35Zr30Be2 4Cu7.5Co3.5块体非晶合金及其对应晶体成分的相结构、微观腐蚀形貌,并利用电化学极化试验测试2种合金冲刷腐蚀后的耐蚀性.结果表明:随着流速的增加,2种合金的腐蚀速度均升高,其中非晶合金出现最大腐蚀速度峰值的时间由无冲刷状态的32 h缩短到流速为0.6 m/s下的10 h,Ti35Zr30Be2 4Cu7.5Co3.5块体非晶合金腐蚀速度较对应晶体成分小;Ti35Zr30Be2 4Cu7.5Co3.5块体非晶合金较对应晶体成分在质量分数6%NaCl溶液中具有更好的耐蚀性.     

Cu合金化对Cr9Mo1钢耐腐蚀及力学性能的影响

为了研究Cu元素对含Mo高Cr钢耐腐蚀性及力学性能的影响,本文通过添加Cu元素和热轧工艺,制备了含有0.2%(质量分数)Cu元素的两组不同含C量的Cr9Mo1钢.利用拉伸试验机、光学显微镜(OM)及盐雾试验箱等,对比研究了添加Cu元素前后,Cr9Mo1钢力学性能、组织形貌及耐盐雾腐蚀性能的变化.结果表明,添加Cu元素均可显著提高Cr9Mo1钢的耐腐蚀性,但对力学性能及组织形貌无显著影响.低C钢组添加Cu元素后耐腐蚀性显著提高,强度和延伸率仅略有提高;高C钢组添加Cu元素后耐腐蚀性显著提高,强度略有提高,延伸率有所降低.热轧后的低C钢组的基体组织为混晶铁素体,高C钢组的基体为马氏体组织和少量δ铁素体.C含量的多少主要影响钢的力学性能,对耐腐蚀性的影响无显著差异.相较于含C量低的Cr9Mo1钢,含C量高的Cr9Mo1钢强度较高、塑性较差,但耐腐蚀性基本相同.     

掺杂对TiC基金属陶瓷性能的影响

采用回归正交法设计掺杂TiC试样真空炉烧结试验,通过测定烧结样的电阻率、抗弯强度、线收缩率,研究了掺杂成分对TiC基金属陶瓷导电性、致密性、力学性能的影响。分析发现,掺杂对烧结体的电阻率影响不显著;烧结体的线收缩率随Cu含量增加而提高,随Ti(C,N)、Co含量增加而下降,Ti(C,N)的影响大于Co;烧结体的抗弯强度随Cu、Ni含量增加而提高,增加Ti(C,N)、Co含量,烧结体的抗弯强度呈现先增后减的变化,其中Cu的影响最大;Cr3C2对烧结体的线收缩率、抗弯强度基本不产生影响。综合对TiC烧结体的导电性、抗弯强度、线收缩率影响来看,较有益的成分是Cu,其次是Ni。     

Influence of alloying elements and density on aqueous corrosion behaviour of some sintered low alloy steels

Low alloy steels produced through powder metallurgy route of sintering followed by forging are promising candidate materials for high strength small components. Porosity in such steels poses a real challenge during acid pickling treatment, which is one of the processing steps during manufacturing. The present research work attempts to investigate the mechanism underlying the acid corrosion behaviour of some sintered low alloy steels under induced acid pickling conditions. Sintered-forged low alloy steel samples containing molybdenum (Mo), copper (Cu) and titanium (Ti) were subjected to aqueous corrosion attack by immersing the samples in 18% HCl (Hydrochloric acid) solution for 25 h. Sample weight loss and Fe (Iron) loss were estimated for the corroded samples. The morphology of the corroded surfaces was studied through metallography and scanning electron microscopy. Higher porosity alloys underwent enhanced corrosion rates. Both corrosion rate and iron loss are found to decrease linearly with reduction in porosity in all cases of the alloys. The alloying elements Mo, Ti and Cu, when added in combination, have played a complementary role in the reduction of corrosion rate by almost one order of magnitude compared to unalloyed steel. Presence of carbides of the carbide forming elements Mo and Ti played a positive role on the corrosion behaviour of the low alloy steels.     

Corrosion behaviour of β-Ti20Mo alloy in artificial saliva

To evaluate the potential of β-Ti20Mo alloy as a dental material, we tested its corrosion behaviour in artificial saliva in comparison to that of cp-Ti. Open-circuit potential (E_OC), potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used as electrochemical methods to characterize the corrosion behaviour of Ti20Mo alloy and cp-Ti, respectively. Corrosion current and passive current densities obtained from the polarization curves showed low values indicating a typical passive behaviour for Ti20Mo alloy. The EIS technique enabled us to study the nature of the passive film formed on the binary Ti20Mo alloy at various imposed potentials. The Bode phase spectra obtained for Ti20Mo alloy in artificial saliva exhibited two-time constants at higher potential (0.5 V, 1.0 V), indicating a two-layer structure. According to our experimental measurements, Ti20Mo alloy appears to possess superior corrosion resistance to that of cp-Ti in artificial saliva.     

Effect of alloy elements on the anticorrosion properties of low alloy steel

Effect of alloy elements on corrosion of low alloy steel was studied under simulated offshore conditions. The results showed that the elements Cu, P, Mo, W, V had evident effect on corrosion resistance in the atmosphere zone; Cu, P, V, Mo in the splash zone and Cr, Al, Mo in the submerged zone.     

Optimization of annealing treatment and comprehensive properties of Cu-containing Ti6Al4V-xCu alloys

The Ti6Al4V-Cu alloy was reported to show good antibacterial properties, which was promising to reduce the hazard of the bacterial infection problem. For the purpose of preparing Ti6Al4V-Cu alloy with satisfied comprehensive properties, it’s important to study the heat treatment and the appropriate Cu content of the alloy. In this study, high Cu content Ti6Al4V-xCu (x = 4.5, 6, 7.5 wt%) alloys were prepared, and firstly the annealing heat treatments were optimized in the α+β+Ti₂Cu triple phase region to obtain satisfied tensile mechanical properties. Then the effect of Cu content on the tribological property, corrosion resistance, antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of the Ti6Al4V-xCu alloys were systematically studied to obtain the appropriate Cu content. The results showed that the optimal annealing temperatures for Ti6Al4V-xCu (x = 4.5, 6, 7.5 wt%) alloys were 720, 740 and 760 °C, respectively, which was resulted from the proper volume fractions of α, β and Ti₂Cu phases in the microstructure. The additions of 4.5 wt% and 6 wt% Cu into the medical Ti6Al4V alloy could enhance the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the alloy, but the addition of 7.5 wt% Cu showed an opposite effect. With the increase of the Cu content, the antibacterial property was enhanced due to the increased volume fraction of Ti₂Cu phase in the microstructure, but when the Cu content was increased to 7.5 wt%, cytotoxicity was presented. A medium Cu content of 6 wt%, with annealing temperature of 740 °C make the alloy possesses the best comprehensive properties of tensile properties, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, antibacterial property and biocompatibility, which is promising for future medical applications.     

Annealed microstructure dependent corrosion behavior of Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1 Mo alloy

Corrosion resistance of titanium(Ti)alloys is closely connected with their microstructure which can be adjusted and controlled via different annealing schemes.Herein,we systematically investigate the specific effects of annealing on the corrosion performance of Ti-6 Al-3 Nb-2 Zr-1 Mo(Ti80)alloy in 3.5 wt.%NaCl and 5 M HCl solutions,respectively,based on open circuit potential(OCP),potentiodynamic polarization,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),static immersion tests and surface analysis.Results indicate that increasing annealing tempe rature endows Ti80 alloy with a higher volume fraction ofβphase and finerαphase,which in turn improves its corrosion resistance.Surface characterization demonstrates thatβphase is more resistant to corrosion thanαphase owing to a higher content of Nb,Mo,and Zr in the former;additionally,the decreased thickness of a phase alleviates segregation of elements to further restrain the micro-galvanic couple effects betweenαandβphases.Meanwhile,the influential mechanisms of environmental conditions on corrosion of Ti80 alloy are discussed in detail.As the formation of a highly compact and stable oxide film on surface,annealed Ti80 alloys exhibit a low corrosion current density(10^-6A/cm²)and high polarization impedance(10⁶Ω·cm²)in 3.5 wt.%NaCl solution.However,they suffer severe corrosion in 5 M HCl solution,resulting from the breakdown of native oxide films(the conversion of TiO₂to aqueous Ti³⁺),active dissolution of substrate Ti to aqueous Ti³⁺and existence of micro-galvanic couple effects.Those findings could provide new insights to designing Ti alloys with high-corrosion resistance through microstructural optimization.     

Effect of microalloying with silicon on high temperature oxidation resistance of novel refractory high-entropy alloy Ta-Mo-Cr-Ti-Al

Abstract

The effect of 1 at.% Si addition to the refractory high-entropy alloy (HEA) Ta–Mo–Cr–Ti–Al on the high temperature oxidation resistance in air between 900 °C and 1100 °C was studied. Due to the formation of protective chromia-rich and alumina scales, the thermogravimetric curves for Ta–Mo–Cr–Ti–Al and Ta–Mo–Cr–Ti–Al–1Si showed small mass changes and low oxidation rates which are on the level of chromia-forming alloys. The oxide scales formed on both alloys at all temperatures are complex and consist of outermost TiO₂, intermediate Al₂O₃, and (Cr, Ta, Ti)-rich oxide at the interface oxide/substrate. The Si addition had a slightly detrimental effect on the oxidation resistance at all temperatures primarily as a result of increased internal corrosion attack observed in the Si-containing HEA. Large Laves phase particles distinctly found in the Si-containing alloy were identified to be responsible for the more rapid internal corrosion.     

Effects of alloying elements on the cytotoxic response of titanium alloys

Titanium alloys, especially β-type alloys containing β-stabilizing elements, constitute a highly versatile category of metallic materials that have been under constant development for application in orthopedics and dentistry. This type of alloy generally presents a high mechanical strength-to-weight ratio, excellent corrosion resistance and low elastic modulus. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cytotoxicity and adhesion of fibroblast cells on titanium alloy substrates containing Nb, Ta, Zr, Cu, Sn and Mo alloying elements. Cells cultured on polystyrene were used as controls. In vitro results with Vero cells demonstrated that the tested materials, except Cu-based alloy, presented high viability in short-term testing. Adhesion of cells cultured on disks showed no differences between the materials and reference except for the Ti–Cu alloy, which showed reduced adhesion attributed to poor metabolic activity. Titanium alloys with the addition of Nb, Ta, Zr, Sn and Mo elements show a promising potential for biomedical applications.     

A new antibacterial titanium–copper sintered alloy: Preparation and antibacterial property

Copper element was added in pure titanium by a powder metallurgy to produce a new antibacterial titanium–copper alloy (Ti–Cu alloy). This paper reported the very early stage results, emphasizing on the preparation, mechanical property and antibacterial activity. The phase constitution was analyzed by XRD and the microstructure was observed under SEM equipped with EDS. The hardness, the compressive strength and the corrosion resistance of Ti–Cu alloy were tested in comparison with cp-Ti. The antibacterial property of the Ti–Cu alloy was assessed by two methods: agar diffusion assay and plate-count method, in which Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were used. XRD and SEM results showed that Ti₂Cu phase and Cu-rich phase were synthesized in the Ti–Cu sintered alloy, which significantly increases the hardness and the compressive strength compared with cp-Ti and slightly improves the corrosion resistance. No antibacterial activity was detected by the agar diffusion assay on the Ti–Cu alloy, but the plate-count results indicated that the Ti–Cu alloy exhibited strong antibacterial property against both bacteria even after three polishing treatments, which demonstrates strongly that the whole alloy is of antibacterial activity. The antibacterial mechanism was thought to be in associated with the Cu ion released from the Ti–Cu alloy.     

两种AC-HVAF喷涂WC涂层微观组织以及耐蚀性研究

利用AC-HAVF喷涂技术在0Cr13Ni5Mo不锈钢上制备了WC-10Co-4Cr,WC-12Co涂层,并利用XRD,SEM,电化学以及盐雾实验分析了涂层的微观组织以及耐蚀性.结果表明:两种涂层相组成与其粉末一致,未出现其他喷涂技术普遍存在的W2C以及W,AC-HAVF喷涂技术可以有效的抑制WC的分解;两种涂层都很致密且与基体结合良好,孔隙率低;电化学以及盐雾实验发现,WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的耐蚀性好于WC-12Co涂层,并较基体0Cr13Ni5Mo不锈钢有较大的提高,粘结相中Cr元素的加入以及孔隙率低是WC-10Co-4Cr涂层耐蚀性优异的重要原因.