染料敏化太阳能电池中金属有机配合物染料敏化剂的研究进展

染料敏化太阳电池（DSSC电池）近年来已经引起国内外众多学者的重视，越来越多的研究者对此表现出极大的兴趣。染料敏化剂是影响染料敏化太阳电池光电转化效率（IPCE）和寿命的最关键的因素。简要介绍了DSSC电池的结构及工作原理，主要综述了近年来很有前景的有机金属配合物染料敏化剂的研究进展。为新染料的设计与合成及提高电池的光...     

染料敏化太阳能电池敏化剂材料研究进展

染料敏化太阳电池(DSCs)是一种新型光伏电池,在充满前景的太阳能发电市场中,实现染料敏化太阳能电池商品化的最重要的前提之一就是提高能量转换效率.介绍了染料敏化太阳能电池的结构与基本原理,在影响DSCs能量转换效率的三大因素中,重点综述了通过染料敏化剂材料的设计和开发来提高电池光电流.介绍了钌多吡啶配合物、非金属有机染料、有机金属染料(酞菁锌和卟啉锌染料)的设计开发及其如何增加电池光吸收效率、降低染料分子在TiO2半导体材料上的聚集及电子复合,提高电池光电流.同时介绍了现阶段通过共敏化剂方法提高DSCs的光电能量转换效率的进展.最后,对于进一步提高能量转化效率所面临的挑战,以及DSCs的商品化前景进行了展望.     

纯有机染料敏化剂在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用及研究进展

染料敏化太阳能电池是一种新型的太阳能电池,因具有低成本、易制备、环保等优点而引起全世界的广泛关注。介绍了染料敏化太阳能电池的发展历史、基本结构及工作原理,重点综述了染料敏化剂材料的分类和发展状况。染料敏化剂可分为纯有机染料和配合物染料两大类,纯有机染料敏化剂大致有三苯胺、香豆素、吲哚、花箐和多烯等几类。设计和开发新型纯有机染料敏化剂材料是提高器件光电转化效率较为有效的方法,而多种染料敏化剂协同敏化电池的短路电流密度(J_(sc))和开路电压(V_(oc))比单一的染料敏化电池更大,因此多种染料共敏化也成为进一步提高染料敏化太阳能电池效率比较可行的途径。最后,展望了有机染料敏化剂的发展前景。     

染料敏化太阳能电池天然敏化剂的研究进展

染料敏化剂是影响染料敏化太阳能电池(DSC)性能的重要因素。介绍了染料敏化剂的分类及获得高效、稳定的电池时染料敏化剂需要满足的条件,根据天然染料敏化剂的分类,分别介绍了叶绿素类、花青素类、类胡萝卜素类以及单宁酸等天然染料作为DSC敏化剂的研究进展及其区别,指出对天然染料敏化剂的研究有利于降低染料敏化太阳能电池的生产成本并促进其工业化发展。     

柔性染料敏化太阳电池光阳极的优化及叠层电池的初步研究

在前期对冷等静压制备柔性染料敏化太阳电池(DSC)研究的基础上, 开展了浆料的优化及叠层DSC的研究。首先利用水热法处理由小颗粒P25调配的浆料, 发现处理后浆料的稳定性及DSC的效率得到了大幅提高。在P25浆料中加入不同比例200 nm TiO₂大颗粒提高光散射, 当P25与200 nm TiO₂比例为4:1时, DSC获得最高光电转换效率3.11%。在此基础上, 尝试用N719和N749双层染料敏化, 发现双层染料敏化后电池的效率介于N719和N749单独敏化的电池效率, 这可能是由于光阳极变厚不利于电子传输以及染料相互接触影响染料纯度, 光阳极厚度及电池结构有待于进一步优化。     

微孔结构TiO2薄膜在准固态染料敏化太阳电池上的应用

采用200 nm聚苯乙烯(PS)造孔可以改善TiO2半导体薄膜的散射光性能,提高了准固态染料敏化太阳电池的光电性能。用10%聚苯乙烯造孔制备TiO2半导体组装的染料敏化太阳电池,在100 mW/cm2光强下电池光电转换效率达到2.94%,与不含造孔剂电池相比,光电转换效率提高52%。薄膜光学性能和入射单色光子–电子转化效率(IPCE)研究表明,电池光电性能的提高与薄膜的光散射改善和电池中染料的光捕获效率增大密切相关。     

稀土发光材料在染料敏化太阳能电池中的研究进展

染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs)由于工艺简单、价格便宜、转换效率高等优点而备受关注.其中起负载敏化剂以及收集和传输电子作用的光阳极是关系到电池性能的重要部件.介绍了染料敏化太阳能电池的基本结构和工作原理,综述了优化染料敏化太阳能电池结构的研究现状;重点阐述了稀土发光材料改性二氧化钛提高光电转换效率的研究进展;指出稀土发光材料改性二氧化钛光阳极是提高染料电池光电转换效率的有效途径,也是未来的主要发展方向.     

多孔二氧化硅在染料敏化太阳电池中的应用

为提高以离子液体作为电解质染料敏化太阳电池光电转化效率,通过水解法合成一种高比表面积的纳米多孔二氧化硅,作为添加剂加入染料敏化太阳电池电解质中,获得离子液体本体电阻降低,离子传输性升高,光电转化效率提高等各项优良性能,并通过对添加量进行分析对比。结果表明:在添加纳米多孔二氧化硅的质量分数为5%时,太阳电池光电转化效率提高效果最好,转化效率最高可达3.87%(100 mW/cm2)。     

染料敏化太阳电池用一维纳米结构氧化物光阳极薄膜的研究进展

染料敏化太阳能电池(DSC)由于其工艺简单、成本低廉、理论光电转换效率高,逐渐成为硅基太阳能电池的有力竞争者.DSC电池的光阳极主要起到对染料分子中激发出来的电子进行传导的作用,其光阳极薄膜大多数是由氧化物纳米晶制备的.氧化物纳米晶存在大量界面电阻,导致能量势垒,从而使染料分子中光生电子-空穴对不能有效分离,制约了DSC电池光电转换效率的提高.而高长径比的一维氧化物纳米光阳极薄膜有望降低界面电阻,促进电子-空穴对的有效分离,将是DSC电池光阳极材料开发的重要发展方向.详细论述了染料敏化太阳电池用一维纳米氧化物光阳极薄膜的研究进展.     

叠层染料敏化太阳能电池

染料敏化太阳能电池( DSC)被认为是第三代新型光伏电池.但为了实现产业化,必须进一步提高其光电转化效率.最为有效的方法是提高太阳光利用率、拓宽电池的吸收光谱.其中,叠层DSC以其新型的结构、独特的优点受到了广泛关注.本文综述了叠层DSC这一新型结构太阳能电池的研究背景及国内外最新研究成果.详细论述了传统叠层DSC、N...     

Is dye mixture more suitable rather than single dye to fabricate dye sensitized solar cell?

The steady state and time resolved spectroscopic studies reveal that two xanthene dyes Rhodamine 6G (R6G) and Rhodamine B (RB), used in the present investigations, form ground state hydrogen -bonded complexes with meso-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP). However, it is apparent that upon photoexcitation the H-bonding complexes formed in the ground state decompose into the individual reacting components. This presumption was confirmed from the observation of the presence of only static quenching mode in the steady state fluorescence of the dyes in presence of porphyrin. The photoelectrochemical properties of the free dyes and the mixtures of each dye with porphyrin are investigated by measuring incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) using ZnO electrode and also with TiO2 electrode. It is seen that Rhodamine B-porphyrin mixture has attained maximum IPCE among the four samples studied at approximately 550 nm using ZnO electrode. Using TiO2 electrode, slight improvement in the value of IPCE was found for the same mixture. Therefore Rhodamine B-porphyrin mixture may act as a good sensitizer for converting solar energy to electrical energy.     

Expanding the spectral response of a dye-sensitized solar cell by applying a selective positioning method

We have developed a facile method to position different dyes (N719 and N749) sequentially in a mesoporous TiO(2) layer through selective desorption and adsorption processes. From the selective removal of the only upper part of the first adsorbed dye, double-layered dye-sensitized solar cells have been successfully achieved without any damage to the dye. From the incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) measurement, the multi-layered dye-sensitized solar cell (MDSSC) was found to exhibit an expanded spectral response for the solar spectrum while maintaining the maximum IPCE value of each single-layered cell. The highest photocurrent density, 19.3 mA cm( - 2), was obtained from the MDSSC utilizing an N719/N749 bi-layered mesoporous TiO(2) film. The power conversion efficiency of 9.8% was achieved from the MDSSC, which is higher than that of single N719-or N749-based cells and cocktail-dyed (a mixture of N719 and N749) cells.     

双氧水和退火温度对WO_3薄膜光电化学性质的影响

以WO3粉体合成的W络合离子作为前驱液,超声喷雾热裂解法（USP）制备出WO_3薄膜,研究前驱液中H_2O_2添加量、薄膜沉积温度和薄膜退火温度对WO_3薄膜光电化学性能的影响,利用XRD、UV-vis和光电流光谱（IPCE）等对薄膜进行表征,实验结果表明,USP制备的WO_3薄膜为单斜相且沿（200）晶面优势生长;前驱液中双氧水量的增加导致WO_3薄膜禁带宽度（E_g）增加;薄膜的平带电位（Vfb）在-0.27~-0.05V之间（vs.SCE,pH=7）,且掺杂浓度随退火温度升高而降低;在0.1M的Na_2SO_3溶液中,薄膜的IPCE随退火温度升高而降低,随H_2O_2量的减小IPCE增高。     

Device Physics of Dye Solar Cells

Design of new materials for nanostructured dye solar cells (DSC) requires understanding the link between the material properties and cell efficiency. This paper gives an overview of the fundamental and practical aspects of the modeling and characterization of DSCs, and integrates the knowledge into a user‐friendly DSC device model. Starting from basic physical and electrochemical concepts, mathematical expressions for the IV curve and differential resistance of all resistive cell components are derived and their relation to electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is explained. The current understanding of the associated physics is discussed in detail and clarified. It is shown how the model parameters can be determined from complete DSCs by current dependent EIS and incident‐photon‐to‐collected‐electron (IPCE) measurements, supplemented by optical characterization, and used to quantify performance losses in DSCs. The paper aims to give a necessary theoretical background and practical guidelines for establishing an effective feedback‐loop for DSC testing and development.     

High-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cell based on a nitrogen-doped nanostructured titania electrode

A highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) was fabricated using a nanocrystalline nitrogen-doped titania electrode. The properties of the nitrogen-doped titania powder, film, and solar cell were investigated. The substitution of oxygen sites with nitrogen atoms in the titania structure was confirmed by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). The UV-vis spectrum of the nitrogen-doped powder and film showed a visible light absorption in the wavelength range from 400 to 535 nm. An enhancement of the incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) in the range of 380-520 nm and 550-750 nm was observed. An 8% overall conversion efficiency has been achieved. The results of the stability test indicated that the solar cell fabricated by the nitrogen-doped titania exhibited great stability.     

方酸菁功能材料修饰纳米晶TiO2薄膜电极的光电转换性能研究

考察了三种方酸菁染料修饰的米晶ＴｉＯ２薄膜电极表面应用于光电化学太阳能电池进行光电转换的情况,发现它们的光电化学性能参数按照Ｓｑ３〉Ｓｑ２〉Ｓｑ１的顺序,随着染料在纳米晶ＴｉＯ２上吸附力的增强而提高,其中,Ｓｑ３的光电转换效率为２．１７％,它在６５０ｎｍ处的最高单色光光电流效率ＩＰＣＥ值达到６．２％,表明方酸菁是一类优良的光电转换功能材料。     

Simple metal-free organic D-pi-A dyes with alkoxy- or fluorine substitutions: application in dye sensitized solar cells

Two new metal-free organic sensitizers with simplest structural variations have been synthesized for application in nanocrystalline TiO2 sensitized solar cells. The donor-pi-bridge-acceptor (D-pi-A) structure dyes, Y2 and Y3 each designed with three parts, an electron donor unit (substituted phenyl), a linker unit (thiophene), and an anchor unit (cyanoacrylic acid) showed maximal monochromatic incident photon to current conversion efficiencies (IPCE) in a device reaching upto 67% and 82% respectively. The organic sensitizers with 3,4,5-trimethoxy phenyl (Y3) as donor moieties obtained better solar light to electrical energy conversion efficiencies of 3.30% where as the organic sensitizer with 2,4-difluoro phenyl as donor (Y2) showed comparatively lower efficiency of 1.02%. The efficiency obtained with the reference sensitizer N719 under similar fabrication and evaluation conditions was 5.84%.     

计量在太阳能光伏产业上的应用

太阳能光伏作为新兴行业,相关的光伏产品种类和性能变化非常快,因使用的计量测试仪器和测试条件的不同,测量的偏差较大,同时与之相适应的计量测试技术也没有跟上。该文简要介绍了与太阳能光伏参数测量密切相关的,包括太阳模拟器、IV测试仪、总辐射表和太阳电池量子效率测量装置在内的各项计量研究工作。