GMAW短路过渡焊接熔池的视觉检测

针对GMAW短路过渡焊接过程的熔池视觉检测,采用普通工业CCD摄像机,通过光谱分析选择窄带复合滤光器。设置了CCD摄像机曝光时间,分析短路过渡电压波形,确定了CCD摄像机采集时刻并设计了短路检测及CCD摄像机外触发电路,准确地将CCD摄像机的曝光时刻定位于短路过渡阶段。提出了正前方小角度和正后方大角度的图像采集方式。结果表明,采用以上图像采集方案,利用普通工业CCD摄像机可拍摄到连续清晰且不失真的熔池图像。并设计了图像处理算法,提取出完整的熔池边缘。     

焊接检验及其设备

20092236GMAW短路过渡焊接熔池的视觉检测/王德民…//焊接学报.-2008,29(10):84~88针对GMAW短路过渡焊接过程的熔池视觉检测,采用普通工业CCD摄像机,通过光谱分析选择窄带复合滤光器。设置了CCD摄像机曝光时间,分析短路过渡电压波形,确定了CCD摄像机采集时刻并设计了短路检测及CCD摄像机外触发电路,准确地将CCD摄像机的曝光时刻定位于短路过渡阶段。提出了正前方小角度和正后方大角度的图像采集方式。结果表明,采用以上图像采集方案,利用普通工业CCD摄像机可拍摄到连续清晰且不失真的熔池图像。并设计了图像处理算法,提取出完整的熔池边缘。图9参620092237基于纹理特征的焊缝识别方法/王胜华…//焊接学报.-2008,29(11):5~8提出了一种基于纹理特征的焊缝自主识别视觉方法。不同于通常利用被焊工件的宏观结构特征的主动视觉和利用工件图像中明显的灰度梯度的被动视觉,该方法利用待焊区(焊缝位置)与母材区之间明显的纹理特征差异来实现;能够解决多层多道焊后几层、道次的焊接时通常视觉方法不易识别焊缝的问题。在该方法中,先对图像进行纹理分析,提取纹理特征,再利用待焊区和母材区的纹理特征差异,...     

焊接检验及其设备

20092236GMAW短路过渡焊接熔池的视觉检测/王德民…//焊接学报.-2008,29(10):84~88针对GMAW短路过渡焊接过程的熔池视觉检测,采用普通工业CCD摄像机,通过光谱分析选择窄带复合滤光器。设置了CCD摄像机曝光时间,分析短路过渡电压波形,确定了CCD摄像机采集时刻并设计了短路检测及CCD摄像机外触发电路,准确地将CCD摄像机的曝光时刻定位于短路过渡阶段。提出了正前方小角度和正后方大角度的图像采集方式。结果表明,采用以上图像采集方案,利用普通工业CCD摄像机可拍摄到连续清晰且不失真的熔池图像。并设计了图像处理算法,提取出完整的熔池边缘。图9参620092237基于纹理特征的焊缝识别方法/王胜华…//焊接学报.-2008,29(11):5~8提出了一种基于纹理特征的焊缝自主识别视觉方法。不同于通常利用被焊工件的宏观结构特征的主动视觉和利用工件图像中明显的灰度梯度的被动视觉,该方法利用待焊区(焊缝位置)与母材区之间明显的纹理特征差异来实现;能够解决多层多道焊后几层、道次的焊接时通常视觉方法不易识别焊缝的问题。在该方法中,先对图像进行纹理分析,提取纹理特征,再利用待焊区和母材区的纹理特征差异,...     

MAG焊熔池图像特征及可用信息分析

针对MAG焊焊接过程的特点,采用被动式视觉传感的方式,利用近红外CCD摄像机,配合1064nm窄带滤光片和0.1%中性减光片组成的复合滤光系统,很好地排除了弧光的干扰,采集到大量高清晰的MAG焊短路过渡、射滴过渡、射流过渡熔池图像.利用数字图像处理技术对熔池图像进行图像处理,并提取出反映焊接质量的图像特征信息.对于单幅熔池图像进行了灰度分析,并提取了三条熔池图像等值轮廓线;对于连续多帧熔池图像,提出了利用熔池图像差影检测和熔池图像平均灰度来研究MAG焊焊接过程的新思路,为熔化极气体保护焊焊接过程质量控制奠定了基础.     

连续电流TIG对接焊熔池形状参数的视觉检测

利用普通CCD摄像机，拍摄出了分辨率较高的TIG对接焊熔池图像，对焊接熔池图像进行分析，根据图像的特点，设计出了图像边缘检测算法，检测出连续电流TIG对接焊熔池的整个边缘，通过对熔池图像进行标定，得到了熔池实际的几何参数尺寸。     

连续电流TIG焊熔池图像的低成本自动化检测

改进了普通CCD摄像机镜头，使物距、放大倍数的调节范围进一步扩大。通过试验和统计的方法，调整物距、光圈、快门等光学参数，增大景深，提高对比度，拍摄出了分辨率较高的熔池图像。对大量的焊接熔池图像进行了分析，根据图像的特点，设计出了不需要滤波的图像边缘检测算法，检测出了连续电流TIG焊接熔池的整个边缘。与激光频闪视觉检测仪拍摄的熔池图像进行了对比，结果表明该低成本自动化检测装置所拍摄的熔池图像也达到了较高的清晰度与对比度。     

焊接机器人智能过程与控制

使用高速摄影机观察焊接过程，当焊接电弧到达坡口根部边缘时，焊接电流达到脉冲电流峰值，采用CCD摄像机作为视觉传感器观察焊接熔池，CCD摄像机在较低的电流时以1ms的速度获取熔池表面图像，保证拍摄时与焊枪摆动中心同步，利用计算机处理焊接熔池图像并生成数字信号，将信号送入数控系统，数控装置采集焊接熔池特征各数，由此调整送丝速度、焊接速度、焊枪高度，控制熔滴过渡，达到对焊接过程的智能控制。     

铝合金交流TIG焊接熔池动态控制图像传感方法的研究

在光谱分析的基础上，设计了全新的光学传感器，利用普通工业CCD摄像机获得了清晰的铝合金焊接熔池区域图像，为进一步控制铝合金焊接熔池动态打下了良好的基础。     

CO2焊熔池图像的Bubble小波零交叉边缘检测

在用CCD捕获的CO2焊熔池图像中存在大量的弧光噪声和飞溅形成的点噪声，要准确地检测熔池图像的边缘较为困难。首先采用中值滤波和乘法运算对CO2焊图像进行降噪处理。基于零交叉边缘检测方法和多孔算法，研究了熔池边缘的Bubble小波检测方法及算法实现，对比分析了不同小波尺度对边缘检测结果的影响。试验结果表明，用Bubble函数构造的小波基对提取熔池边缘效果较好，为熔深控制、焊缝跟踪等奠定了坚实的基础。     

TIG焊接熔池形状参数的视觉检测

在分析ＴＩＧ焊接电弧光谱的基础上,设计出复合滤光镜头,与普通ＣＣＤ摄像机组成视觉传感器,从试件正面观测熔池图像,焊接过程中根据电流大小通过软件调整采集图像亮度,得到了比较清晰的ＴＩＧ焊接熔池图像,利用自行开发的图像处理算法,检测了熔池正面的形状参数。该算法处理一幅图像同时不超过７０ｍｓ,满足实时检测的需要。     

CO2焊电参数与熔滴过渡图像同步采集分析系统

基于LabVIEW,采用高速摄像机和多路传感数据采集系统,开发了一套CO2焊短路过渡过程电参数波形与熔滴过渡图像采集分析系统.通过软件延时弥补电参数采集系统与图像采集系统的启动延迟时间差,实现了同步采集.系统可对采集到的电参数进行处理,得出反映熔滴过渡状态和稳定性的特征参量.通过焊接试验,实时采集不同焊接条件下电参数及熔滴过渡图像,对电参数与短路过渡过程的相关性进行了分析.     

An optical sensing system for seam tracking and weld pool control in gas metal arc welding of steel pipe

A visual sensing system was developed for automatic gas metal arc welding (GMAW) of the root pass of steel pipe. The system consisted of a vision sensor that consisted of a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera and lenses, a frame grabber, image processing algorithms, and a computer controller. A specially designed five-axis manipulator was used to position the welding torch and to provide the vision sensor with automatic access to view the welding position. During the root pass welding, an image of the weld pool and its vicinity was captured using the camera without interference of the intensive arc light by viewing at the instance of a short-circuit of the welding power. The captured image was then processed to recognize the weld pool shape. For seam tracking, the manipulator was used to adjust the torch position based upon the pool image to the groove center. The measured gap size was used to determine the appropriate welding conditions to obtain sound penetration. The welding speed was chosen using fuzzy logic with the knowledge of a skilled welder and measured gap. The automatic welding equipment demonstrated that both welding conditions and torch position could be appropriately controlled to obtain a sound weldment and a good seam tracking capability.     

Detecting and tracking of welding line in visual plasma robotic welding

The formation of stable back beads in joining of the thick materials is important in order to achieve high-quality welded metal joints. Plasma welding uses the high welding current density, which is suitable for thick materials. The keyhole in the plasma welding depends on the pilot gas and the welding current. The voltage behaviour depends on the keyhole situation. If the torch is moved away from the welding line in conventional GMA welding, the welding voltage and the welding current are changed due to variations of the arc length. But the welding voltage does not change with the arc length in plasma welding, because the welding voltage depends on the situation of the keyhole. The authors tried to observe the weld pool on the top side by using a CCD camera. The timing of the shutter in the CCD camera is investigated to take clear images of the weld pool. As a result, the clear images of the weld pool were taken when the welding current was reduced to 30 A and an interference filter of 950 nm was attached to the CCD camera. The weld pool shape was changed with the torch position in the groove. The image-processing method was developed to detect the top of the weld pool. The torch position was estimated by processing the weld pool images. The digital control was designed to trace the welding line. The performance of the controller was verified by carrying out tracking experiments.     

Research on short circuiting transfer mode of ultrasonic assisted GMAW method

Abstract

Ultrasonic assisted gas metal arc welding (U-GMAW) has been recently developed to improve the metal transfer characteristics. The ultrasonic wave is applied on the metal transfer process by means of an acoustic field. Welding electrical signal measurement and high speed camera are employed to study the differences of short circuiting metal transfer between conventional GMAW and U-GMAW. Compared with the conventional GMAW, the short circuit frequencies of U-GMAW are obviously increased under the same welding parameters. Moreover, the voltage range of the stable short circuiting transfer is enlarged, and the weld appearances become more uniform with the action of the ultrasonic wave. The high speed video images indicate that the U-GMAW arc is compressed and the electrical field intensity is increased. The decrease in the arc length is the main reason for the increase in the short circuit frequency.     

Weld pool vision sensing and image processing for GMAW

It is difficult to acquire satisfied weld pool image by CCD sensor during gas metal arc welding(GMAW), for arc disturbs violently, welding current is great and working frequeacy is high. By using CMOS vision sensor to GMA W process, the vivid weld pool image is collected at any time, furthermore, whose gray compression ratio is controllable by sensor hardware circuit developed. Acquired weld pool image is firstly pre-processed by using Wiener filter and Ostu threshold segmentation algorithm. Subsequently separation between weld pool intage and cathode mist region is conducted by means of mathematical morphological algorithm, and the edge of weld pool image is extracted by using Prewitt algorithm.     

旁路耦合电弧MIG焊熔池视觉实时检测

提出了一种高效旁路耦合电弧MIC焊方法,针对该方法利用普通CCD摄像机配合复合滤光镜片在连续大电流条件下,获取了清晰的熔池图像.利用数字图像处理技术,通过Labview软件IMAQ模块对熔池图像进行实时处理,通过对比分析各种图像处理方法提取熔池边缘的结果,得到了最佳的形态学处理方法,并进行了熔池宽度的实时检测.结果表明...