基于FLUENT的高压高速螺旋转子泵内部流场分析

目的分析高压高速螺旋转子泵运行过程中的内部流场行为,为高压高速螺旋转子泵的结构优化提供理论依据。方法利用Solid Works建立高压高速螺旋转子泵三维模型,使用FLUENT仿真其在高压高速运行条件下的内部流场,得到压强云图,对比有、无气穴时转速对油膜最大压强和最大负压影响。结果气穴对高压区的啮合压强基本没有影响。齿轮啮合处压强最大值、齿轮啮合处负压最大值及空气在液压油中的占有率随转速的增加而增大,当转速为12 000 r/min时,空气占有率高达12.81%,啮合处的压强可高达37.5 MPa,是出油口压强的1.5倍。结论气穴阻止了部分齿顶间隙的泄漏,对转子稳定性的提高有积极意义。最大压强出现在螺旋转子泵转子的啮合处,这使转子产生了剧烈振动,降低了螺旋转子泵的稳定性。     

外筒旋转型垂直螺旋输送机的设计

设计了一款外筒旋转型垂直螺旋输送机,采用离散元分析的方法建立输送性能与设计参数的关系,通过输送末页岩颗粒的试验验证其可行性。结果表明:通过改变外筒转速,可以调节外筒旋转型垂直螺旋输送机的填充率、输送量、驱功率和能耗效率。外筒转速越大,填充率越小;仿真模型外筒转速小于160 r/min时,输送量随外筒转速增大而增大,当外筒转速大于160 r/min时,输送量呈减小趋势;驱动功率随外筒转速增大而增大;能耗效率随外筒转速升高而降低;不需要强迫式给料装置,在一定输送高度内不需要中间轴承,结构更加简单;能够在低转速下运行,利于降低机械磨损、增加设备寿命,低速输送时能耗效率更高、更加节能。     

动力电池液冷系统设计与试验研究

动力电池热管理对电池的运行效率、寿命、可靠性至关重要。基于客户要求设计一款额定制冷量及制热量分别约为7 kW和12 kW的热管理机组,并对其性能进行试验研究。结果表明:制冷量及COP随进水温度、进水流量的增大而增大,在压缩机转速为4 000 r/min时,制冷量最高可达9. 5 kW,COP最大可达2. 5;当环境温度在30℃以下时,COP随压缩机转速的增大先增大后减小,当环境温度在30℃以上时,COP随压缩机转速的增大而减小;系统的平均降温速率约为2℃/min;当PTC的设定功率大于6 kW时,PTC的实际功率与设定功率的误差在10%以内。     

螺旋轴直径对螺旋输送机性能的影响

为了分析螺旋轴直径对螺旋输送机性能的影响,采用颗粒物质力学方法,借助离散元分析软件,首先对模型进行了验证,通过选取一组不同尺寸的螺旋轴,其他模型参数不变,采用周期性边界处理方法,考察螺旋轴直径在不同螺旋转速下对螺旋输送机性能的影响。结果表明:随着螺旋转速的增加,相同螺旋轴对应的颗粒平均速度增大,能量消耗增加,法向接触力增加,颗粒输送的稳定性降低;在相同的螺旋转速下,随着螺旋轴直径的增加,单位体积上的颗粒数增加,流化层深度增加。得出在保证输送量的同时,甄选螺旋转速900 r/min,螺旋轴直径13 mm为最合适的一组参数。     

热泵型纯电动汽车空调系统特性

本文以R134a为制冷剂并采用三换热器设计了热泵汽车空调系统,搭建了热泵系统台架,并在制冷和制热5种工况下进行了性能测试,研究了压缩机转速、风量及环境工况对系统的影响,分析了该系统用于电动汽车的可行性。测试结果表明:温度越低,系统效率越低。-20℃压缩机转速为3 000 r/min时,系统性能系数COP约为1.5;相同工况下,系统COP随压缩机转速的增加而先增大后减小;相同工况下,系统COP随换热器风量的增加而增加。压缩机采用热泵系统,可以节约电能从而提高电动汽车续航里程。     

部分流式液氮泵水力特性测试

结合应用中高扬程小流量特点,设计加工了一台长轴式部分流低温液氮泵。为评价包括扬程、气蚀特性等泵的实际性能,搭建了一个低温液体泵测试平台。实验测试了不同转速下泵的流量、扬程,并与设计值进行比较,给出了泵的运行工况建议。试验中泵在6 600 r/min转速下达到扬程71 m。     

全新风家用空气制冷系统实验台性能测试

为解决空气制冷技术对气源的依赖问题,同时简化系统回收膨胀功,本文以高速电机驱动的无油气浮轴承压缩-膨胀一体机为核心部件,搭建了采用开式逆增压循环的全新风家用空气制冷系统实验台,可实现膨胀机、压缩机进出口的温度、压力、流量测量,并可与焓差室对接,获得制冷系统的制冷量和送风参数。在标准空调工况下进行了多个转速下的性能测试,额定转速为38 000 r/min时,制冷量为1.6 kW。送风温度随转速升高而降低,制冷量随转速升高而增大,基于该特点,空气制冷系统有直接送风和送风温度可调的优势,使空气制冷技术在新风空调领域的应用成为可能。     

螺旋槽干气密封气膜刚度测试与稳定性分析

干气密封的关键技术是动压效应和稳定性问题,而气膜刚度是影响振动稳定性的主要参数之一。采用高精度改进型的电涡流微型传感器和Labview软件,并采用一系列的抗干扰措施,建立了螺旋槽干气密封的测试系统。通过测量干气密封的轴向静环振幅和轴向气膜振幅,而获得气膜刚度,并分析了其气膜振动的稳定性。试验研究表明：随着转速的增加和压力的升高,气膜刚度随之增大,气膜稳定性越好。本例中：压力变化范围为0.2-0.5MPa,转速变化范围为500 - 3000 r/min,得气膜刚度值的变化范围为0.01 - 0.03 KN/μm,且气膜刚度分别与压力和转速基本成线性关系;试验中测试了三种不同螺旋角的样机,得螺旋角为74°时,气膜刚度最大,气膜稳定性最好,选取合适的螺旋角可增加气膜的稳定性,从而对结构参数的优化提供了指导。     

基于试验的离心泵转速瞬变特性研究

转速是旋转机械运行的重要特征之一,离心泵转速的瞬变特征能够很好地反映离心泵内部流动特征及其运行状态,对离心泵的运行状态识别具有十分重要的意义。为了探究离心泵转速的瞬态特性,基于虚拟仪器技术,通过轴编码器对IS-65-50-160型单级单吸离心泵的转速进行了精确测量,通过编写Labview程序对试验数据进行采集,建立不同工况下转速的时频特征谱。分析结果表明:离心泵的转速随着载荷的增大呈现波动下降的趋势;在各个工况下,离心泵的转速均存在一定程度的波动,在设计工况下其转速变化可达21 r/min;转速波动存在一定的周期性,泵转动的轴频是转速波动的主频,且频率主要集中在轴频及轴频以下的低频处;转速波动的RMS值及主频处的振幅值均随着流量的增加而呈上升的趋势。     

电动车空调用压缩机的性能测试

依据GB/T22068—2018《汽车空调用电动压缩机总成》中压缩机测试工况以及GB/T5773—2016《容积式制冷剂压缩机性能试验方法》,搭建R134a压缩机测试系统。分别对涡旋式压缩机和滚动活塞式压缩机的性能进行测试,结果表明:不同转速下涡旋式压缩机的平顺性高于滚动活塞式压缩机,随着转速的提高,制冷量和功率增加趋势一致;在高转速下运行时,滚动活塞式压缩机功率的增长更为稳定,相对涡旋式压缩机波动较小,在转速3 000～4 500 r/min范围内的增长率仅为12.8%;低转速下涡旋式压缩机具有较高的COP,高转速下滚动活塞式压缩机的COP高于涡旋式压缩机。     

转速对6061铝合金搅拌摩擦搭接焊接头组织和力学性能的影响

目的 研究不同转速条件下6061铝合金搅拌摩擦搭接焊接头组织和力学性能的变化规律,为工程实践应用提供参考。方法 在不同旋转速度（800、1 200、1 500 r/min）下对4 mm厚的6061铝合金进行搅拌摩擦搭接焊实验,固定进给速度和轴肩下压量,研究搅拌头转速对接头宏观组织、微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果 所有接头均没有出现明显缺陷,当转速为1 500 r/min时,搅拌区晶粒尺寸细化明显,最大失效载荷达到母材的75%,上板和下板的硬度曲线都呈“W”形;当转速为800 r/min和1 200 r/min时,下板硬度曲线呈“V”形。随着转速的增大,有效搭接宽度逐渐增大,接头的平均拉剪强度也在增大,所有接头都在前进侧断裂,断裂形式均为拉伸断裂。结论 转速的提升增加了焊接热输入量和机械搅拌作用,促进了有效搭接宽度的增大和晶粒尺寸的细化,但未能改变钩状缺陷的形成及延伸方向。当转速为1500r/min时,热输入量较大,搅拌区范围相对较大,下板存在更大面积的搅拌区,其硬度规律与上板的相似。所有接头均为拉伸断裂,断裂位置在热影响区附近,说明搭接接头连接良好。     

高转速FSW工艺特征及焊缝组织性能演变规律研究

目的研究不同转速的焊缝性能变化对组织的影响,以期为高转速搅拌摩擦焊工艺参数的优化和更大范围的应用提供指导。方法在3000~8000 r/min的高转速范围内对3A21-O态铝合金进行搅拌摩擦焊试验,焊后分析了焊缝成形特征和晶粒形态并测试了接头截面显微硬度。结果当转速由1000~4000 r/min区间升高至5000~8000 r/min区间时,焊核宽度急剧增大了近50%。这是由于焊具产热机制以滑移摩擦为主向以粘着摩擦为主转变,导致上述焊核宽度增大的行为。随着转速的增大,焊缝温度呈现出常规搅拌摩擦焊工艺中鲜见的先增大而后趋于稳定的变化趋势;温度随转速的这一演变特征导致焊缝焊核区的亚结构数量比例以及显微硬度都随转速呈现出与此相近的演变规律。结论在高转速搅拌摩擦焊中,转速提高能提高焊缝性能,且增强的焊缝性能能够在较宽的高转速区间内保持相对稳定的状态。     

镀锌钢板与6061铝合金搭接搅拌摩擦钎焊

目的 分析Q235镀锌钢与6061铝合金搅拌摩擦钎焊接头在不同旋转速度下的组织性能。方法 使用0.3 mm的Zn作为中间层,通过搅拌摩擦钎焊,焊接6061铝合金与Q235镀锌钢,观察测试其接头组织和力学性能。结果 转速从660 r/min增加到1750 r/min时,随着进入到6061铝合金近缝区Zn元素的增加,铝合金搅拌区孔洞变小。界面Zn过渡层变薄。在适中的转速下,界面结合良好。接头最大平均拉剪力先增加后降低,界面显微硬度升高,硬度梯度增加。结论 搅拌头在1320 r/min转速下,测得搅拌摩擦钎焊接头平均拉剪力为2.33 kN。     

Turning of glass with abrasive waterjet

This article reports research results on abrasive waterjet (AWJ) turning of glass. Glass rods, 25 mm in diameter, were turned by using AWJ to investigate the effects of several process parameters on the surface quality of the machined glass surfaces. The parameters studied are rotational speed, stand-off distance, water pressure, nozzle traverse speed, and abrasive flow rate. The results were also compared with those obtained from conventional machining of glass. The results showed that higher traverse rates were associated with an increase in material removal rate and thus an increase in surface roughness and waviness values. The sensitivity of surface quality to rotational speed was more than that to the traverse speed. Good surface finish was achieved at lower traverse speeds and higher turning speeds. Higher stand-off produced rougher surface finish. The best finish was generated when the nozzle consumed 300 g min^-1 of abrasives. Higher pressures did not produce smoother surface finish.     

高速透平膨胀制冷机热力性能实验研究

在增压透平膨胀制冷系统中采用了新型气浮轴承支承结构,并通过系统性能实验对该设备的热力参数进行研究分析。研究结果表明:当制冷机转速从40000 r/min提高到60000 r/min,制冷性能提高较大,工质流量提高了一倍,压缩机和膨胀机的出入口温差提高了一倍多,而功率却提高了近5倍。该实验结果可为增压透平膨胀机制冷性能的进一步优化提供实验参考依据。     

基于伺服驱动的离心式动态力校准装置

为提高准静态环境使用的力传感器校准精度,研制了基于伺服驱动的离心式动态力校准装置。该装置利用直驱伺服电机驱动和控制质量块做离心运动,通过去轴承设计的动力传动机构输出量值可控的动态力;建立了动力学模型并得到了实验验证;进行了测量重复性和动态响应性能实验研究。实验结果表明,校准装置在中高转速下测量重复性优于1%,能在0.242s内加速到额定转速500r/min,且输出力值可达到3.8kN。     

Effects of Al-Ni powder addition on dissimilar friction stir welding between AA7075-T6 and 304 L

Friction stir welding between AA7075-T6 aluminum alloy and 304 L stainless steel sheet metal was performed with the addition of Al−Ni powder between the joining interfaces to increase the joining performance. The welding tool was rotated at 200 min⁻¹ to 800 min⁻¹ with the constant traverse speed of 25 mm/min. The resulting joint interfaces were analyzed using a field emission-scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analysis. The tensile strength was greater for the Al−Ni powder added specimens at the lower tool rotational speeds. The tensile strength of 360 MPa was obtained for the ‘with-powder’ specimen as compared to 220 MPa for the ‘without-powder’ specimen at the 200 min⁻¹ tool speed. Electron microscope images of the stir zone showed a significant mixing of the Al−Ni powder with the base materials, increased contact at the interface, which resulted in increased joining strength at the lower tool rotational speeds. However, based on the images, intermetallic compound that may contribute to the joining strength in the vicinity of the interfacial region was not detected.     

搅拌摩擦焊接Mg-6Al-1Sn合金组织与性能研究

对搅拌摩擦焊Mg-6Al-1Sn(AT61)合金板材在不同的焊接工艺参数下的组织与性能进行了研究。研究结果表明,在旋转速度为1 200r/min时,焊接速度为60~180mm/min及焊速为180mm/min时,转速为1 200~1 600r/min范围内都能实现良好连接,接头最大抗拉强度系数达到母材的88%,且焊核区的析氢速率低于母材,但电化学性能有所降低。母材中的第二相是Al8Mn5,没有检测到Mg2Sn相,在不同焊接工艺参数下接头组织与母材相比,第二相的类型不变,第二相的分布由条状变为颗粒状。     

AEROSOL DELIVERY FROM AN ACTIVE EMISSION MULTI-SINGLE DOSE DRY POWDER INHALER

All commercially available dry powder inhalers depend solely on the patient's inspired airflow to aerosolize the drug formulation. The dose delivered is therefore subject to inter-patient variability that may be overcome by devices actively imparting energy to the powder bed to disperse particles. The current studies were performed to evaluate powder filling and dose delivery from a prototype active emission multi-single dose dry powder dispersion device. The device contained interchangeable cartridges (12 doses/cartridge, three cartridges with dosing chamber diameters of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mm, each 6mm in length) which were vacuum filled with the powder formulation. Individual doses were emitted by compressed gas propulsion following actuator depression. Studies were performed using bulk lactose powders (~25-100 and ~ 40-200μm); and sieved lactose (45-75 and 75-125μm), alone and in 2% albuterol sulfate blends. Vacuum fill flow rates of 7, 14, 21, and 28 L/min were used. Filled cartridges were inserted into the device and emitted masses determined gravimetrically. Aerodynamic particle size measurements and fine particle fractions were determined by inertial impaction (8-stage Andersen impactor, 60L/min). Powders filled at a flow rate of 28L/min exhibited a high packing density and were delivered as a pellet. Consequently, lower flow rates of 7, 14, and 21 L/min were used to evaluate filling conditions required for optimal aerodynamic performance and dose delivery. As anticipated, the total mass output and emitted dose delivered decreased as the dosing chamber diameter decreased. For a fixed dosing chamber diameter, the total mass output, of drug and excipient, decreased slightly as the fill flow rate was increased. However, the fine particle fraction and fine particle mass, of drug alone, followed an opposite trend, by increasing with an increase in fill flow rate. A decrease in dosing chamber diameter resulted in an increase in air velocity (higher Re) and a subsequent increase in packing density of the filled powders at a fixed flow rate. As the dosing chamber diameters decreased (at a given fill flow rate) the total mass output and fine particle mass decreased, however, an increase in fine particle fraction was observed. Dose reproducibility as indicated by standard deviations within f 10%, and a mean dose recovery of 95%+4%, indicated acceptable performance of the device. Future work will evaluate the relationship between particle size, powder flow, fill flow rate, fill density, and dose emission to optimize aerodynamic performance and dose delivery.