疲劳裂纹在奥氏体／铁素体异种钢接接头中的扩展行为

采用三点弯曲试样研究了疲劳裂纹在奥氏体 /铁素体异种钢焊接接头中的扩展行为与显微组织的关系 ,测得疲劳裂纹在 Cr2 5 Ni13/ 13Cr Mo44异种钢焊接接头中的扩展速率 da/ d N,并且讨论了疲劳裂纹扩展与显微组织之间的关系。实验结果表明 ,疲劳裂纹在异种钢焊接接头熔合区中扩展的路径 ,是接头中韧性最低的热影响区过热区 ,裂纹在铁素体材料侧 ,跟随熔合线并平行于熔合线 5～ 2 5 μm扩展 ,而马氏体层对疲劳裂纹有较大的抗力 ,疲劳裂纹的扩展路径主要受组织韧性的控制。疲劳裂纹在 Cr2 5 Ni13/ 13Cr Mo44异种钢接头的扩展速率为 :da/ d N=7.0 7× 10 - 1 3(△ K ) 3.86 3     

基于材料低周疲劳的裂纹扩展预测模型

该文基于疲劳裂纹尖端循环应力-应变场, 定义了基于应变幅的平均单位循环损伤参量D, 并引入Miner累积损伤率, 从而从理论上建立起材料低周疲劳性能和疲劳裂纹扩展行为之间的联系。以裂尖扩展方向上的单调塑性区尺寸作为疲劳过程区大小, 并提出了基于弹塑性应变疲劳累积损伤的疲劳裂纹扩展预测模型。模型改进了前人提出的疲劳裂纹扩展预测模型, 考虑了单调塑性区内所有材料的弹塑性应变疲劳损伤贡献;模型中参数均有物理意义, 不需要人为调试。基于完成的Cr2Ni2MoV 材料的低周疲劳结果所建立的该文新模型对该材料裂纹扩展速率的预测结果与实验结果有良好一致性。并且, 借助手册数据, 在TC4钛合金材料上进一步得到了验证。     

30Cr1Mo1V钢汽轮机转子高应力段的疲劳裂纹扩展速率

在某已服役了16 a的30Cr1Mo1V钢汽轮机转子的高应力段取样制作成紧凑拉伸试样,用MTS 810.50试验机进行室温和538℃下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验。结果表明：该钢疲劳裂纹稳定扩展阶段的疲劳裂纹扩展速率适用于Paris公式,室温下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率方程为da/dN=2.2101×10-8（ΔK）2.9163,538℃下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率方程为da/dN=9.8794×10-8（ΔK）2.6844;对于30Cr1Mo1V转子钢,温度升高,疲劳裂纹扩展速率加快;30Cr1Mo1V转子钢在疲劳裂纹稳定扩展阶段存在转折点,将该阶段又细分为两段,经过转折点后疲劳裂纹扩展速率的增速减慢;与原始材料相比,已服役16 a的30Cr1Mo1V钢汽轮机转子高应力段材料的疲劳裂纹扩展速率增大。     

疲劳裂纹在奥氏体/铁素体异种钢焊接接头中的扩展行为

采用三点弯曲试样研究了疲劳裂纹在奥氏体/铁素体异种钢焊接接头中的扩展行为与显微组织的关系,测得疲劳裂纹在Cr25Ni13/13CrMo44异种钢焊接接头中的扩展速率da/dN,并且讨论了疲劳裂纹扩展与显微组织之间的关系。实验结果表明,疲劳裂纹在异种钢焊接接头熔合区中扩展的路径,是接头中韧性最低的热影响区过热区,裂纹在铁素体材料侧,跟随熔合线并平行于熔合线5～25μm扩展,而马氏体层对疲劳裂纹有较大的抗力,疲劳裂纹的扩展路径主要受组织韧性的控制。疲劳裂纹在Cr25Ni13/13CrMo44异种钢接头的扩展速率为：da/dN=7.07×10-13(△K)3.863。     

调质工艺对压裂泵阀箱30CrNi2MoV钢组织和性能的影响

针对石油压裂工艺中压裂泵阀箱失效疲劳开裂现象,采用SEM、硬度实验、拉伸实验和示波冲击等实验方法,研究了不同回火温度下调质处理对阀箱材料用钢30CrNi2MoV钢的显微组织和力学性能影响,找到较好的强韧性配合,提高阀箱材料寿命。结果表明,30CrNi2MoV阀箱钢冲击功和裂纹扩展功等关键指标均随回火温度的升高而升高,30CrNi2MoV钢韧性主要决定于冲击裂纹扩展功。调质组织对30CrNi2MoV钢冲击裂纹萌生功影响较小,对裂纹扩展功有着较大的影响。研究表明,30CrNi2MoV钢经过880℃油淬,620~650℃回火后空冷,合金元素充分溶解,碳化物细小弥散分布得到均匀稳定的回火索氏体组织,其硬度达到较佳的使用范围(37.2~40.5HRC),且具有较好的强韧性配合,能够较好地满足压裂泵阀箱钢使用要求。     

高压容器用钢疲劳裂纹扩展速率研究

研究了高压容器用Cr Ni Mo钢在空气中与3.5%Na Cl溶液介质中的疲劳裂纹扩展,结果表明,3.5%Na Cl溶液介质的存在加速了Cr Ni Mo钢的裂纹扩展,随着裂纹的进一步扩展,其加速作用越来越不明显。     

热处理工艺对8Cr4Mo4V钢疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响

研究了四组不同工艺热处理的8Cr4Mo4V钢试样的疲劳裂纹扩展速率及其疲劳断口。结果表明:淬回火8Cr4Mo4V钢的室温疲劳裂纹扩展速率在裂纹稳定扩展阶段符合Paris公式,其大小与热处理工艺有关,主要取决于马氏体中的固溶碳含量,马氏体中的固溶碳含量越高,疲劳裂纹扩展速率也越大,而与该钢是否经过冷处理没有明显关系;淬回火8Cr4Mo4V钢疲劳断口的微观形貌以准解理为主,马氏体(211)晶面的X射线衍射峰半高宽越小,疲劳裂纹扩展速率也越小,疲劳断口上的拉伸残余应力则越大。     

10Ni5CrMoV钢及其焊接接头Paris模型参数统计及疲劳裂纹扩展寿命预测

对10Ni5CrMoV钢及其接头疲劳裂纹扩展过程采用Paris模型进行拟合,并对参数c和m进行统计分析,结果表明,拟合得到的c和m与疲劳寿命吻合较好,lgc和m均符合正态分布,且具有良好的线性关系而疲劳裂纹扩展寿命呈成布尔分布。     

1Cr11Ni2W2MoV钢高压涡轮轴裂纹形成原因

某1Cr11Ni2W2MoV钢高压涡轮轴在进行疲劳试验后，其涡轮轴端面和轴体转接处存在沿圆周方向的长度为200 mm左右的穿透性裂纹。采用宏观观察、金相检验、断口分析等方法分析裂纹形成的原因。结果表明：该裂纹性质为疲劳裂纹，涡轮轴的材料正常，裂纹产生的主要原因是涡轮轴的上、下支撑板轴承安装孔同轴度偏差较大，导致涡轮轴在疲劳试验过程中呈偏转状态，最大应力位置发生改变，在端面和轴体的拐角处产生应力集中，促使裂纹形成。     

8.8级螺栓用ML40Cr钢的疲劳性能和裂纹扩展行为

针对紧固螺栓在不同预紧力下的疲劳可靠性问题,对ML40Cr钢母材进行拉-拉疲劳和对称三点弯曲实验,研究输电铁塔用8.8级紧固螺栓用钢的疲劳性能和裂纹扩展行为。拉-拉疲劳实验的结果表明,在不同应变幅的疲劳加载条件下,以材料抗拉强度的50%作为平均应力时ML40Cr光滑试样的疲劳极限为263 MPa,缺口试样的疲劳极限为95 MPa。用有效应力(σ)参数法处理平均应力对ML40Cr疲劳曲线的影响,得到8.8级螺栓用钢ML40Cr的疲劳缺口敏感度为0.31。依据对称三点弯曲实验的疲劳实验结果,得到8.8级螺栓用钢ML40Cr的裂纹扩展速率关系式为da/d N=10-10(?K)2.2。探讨ML40Cr用钢的缺口疲劳强度和疲劳裂纹扩展机制。     

ON CRACK INITIATION LIFE DURING LOW CYCLE FATIGUE

Abstract— A new method of investigating life to crack initiation during low cycle fatigue, which combines hour-glass shape specimen testing with scanning electron-microscopy observations, was introduced in the paper. The effect of grain size on low cycle fatigue crack initiation life of 37CrNi3MoV steel and the propagation of cracks in this multi-phase steel was studied. Results show that refining the grain size can increase fatigue initiation lifetime.     

两种国产涡轮盘材料疲劳寿命概率分布规律初探

基于两种国产发动机轮盘材料GH4133和1Cr11Ni2W2MoV低循环疲劳实验数据,选择三种常用的分布函数(对数正态分布、双参数Weibull分布和三参数Weibull分布),用概率图法和柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米尔诺夫检验方法进行拟合优度检验,以考察分布函数的总体拟合效果.通过经验失效率的变化趋势来评估分布函数是否符合疲劳失效机制.结果表明:形状参数大于1的三参数Weibull分布函数是建立国产轮盘材料GH4133和1Cr11Ni2W2MoV疲劳寿命分布的理想数学模型.对数正态分布函数在本工作所研究的轮盘材料低循环疲劳寿命范围内是合理的.双参数Weibull分布函数用作国产轮盘材料疲劳寿命分布模型时必须进行假设检验.     

4.5Ni钢表面裂纹的低周疲劳扩展行为研究

采用悬臂弯曲加载方式，以总应变范围作为受检和控制参数，分析了高强度４．５Ｎｉ钢表面裂纹的低周疲劳扩展行为，给出了裂纹扩展速率ｄ（２ａ）／ｄＮ与总应变范围ΔεＴ的关系式及关系曲线。同时对弯曲加载条件下低周疲劳损伤断口微观形貌进行了观察分析。指出４．５Ｎｉ钢的低周疲劳裂纹扩展方式主要是穿晶，疲劳辉纹为晶体学延性辉纹，疲劳裂纹扩展属于塑性钝化模型机制。     

Stress Corrosion Cracking and Blue Brittleness of Rotor Steels in High Temperature Aqueous Solutions

The tensile behaviors of two bolt steels 20Cr12NiMoWV and 25Cr2MoV, and rotor steel 30Cr2Ni4MoV used in a nuclear power plant were studied at different temperatures up to 280 degreesC in air and aqueous solution. The results showed that blue brittleness occurred near 230 degreesC and 180 degreesC for steels 30Cr2Ni4MoV and 25Cr2MoV, respectively. No blue brittleness was found for the steel containing higher Cr content. Susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking.(SCC) for the steels in aqueous solution at the test temperatures was very low except at the blue brittleness temperature. At the blue brittleness temperatures, however, the susceptibility to SCC was very high.     

泵头体高强钢材料的力学性能

为了进一步研究泵头体高强钢25Cr2Ni4MoV和30CrNi2MoV的力学性能,采用拉伸、冲击和裂纹尖端张开位移(CTOD)试验对其进行测试。结果表明:材料在常温下具有较好的综合力学性能;在静载荷条件下,具有优良的断裂韧度。     

Surface vs. interior failure behaviors in a structural steel under gigacycle fatigue: Failure analysis and life prediction

The failure behaviors of a structural Cr–Ni–W steel under gigacycle fatigue were investigated, and a life prediction method based on the crack growth was proposed. The discovery of two failure phenomena, including the coexistence of surface and interior cracks and the coexistence of multiple fish-eyes, verifies the possibility of competing failure. The developed interior crack growth model reveals the failure progress at a slow rate below 10⁻¹⁰ m/cycle within the fish-eye induced by the inclusion or the inhomogeneous matrix area. The validity of the life prediction method is proved by the good agreement between the predicted and the experimental lives.     

Effects of shot peening on fatigue properties of 0Cr13Ni8Mo2Al steel

Abstract

The influence of shot peening on the fatigue properties of 0Cr13Ni8Mo2Al steel has been studied. Changes in surface roughness, surface topography and residual compressive stress field were determined by experiments. The experimental results show that shot peening improves the fatigue property and the fatigue crack sources are pushed to the region beneath the hardened layer. Low Almen intensities should be used when 0Cr13Ni8Mo2Al steel is shot peened because of its sensitiveness to the surface roughness.     

Crack deflection in the nonlinear zone of ultra-high-strength steel fatigue crack growth curve

The fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) of 10Ni5CrMoV steel under variable load ratios was investigated. The microscopic observations of growth direction and microstructural analysis were conducted by means of electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that FCGR of 10CrNi5MoV steel increased with the increasing load ratio in the mid-growth rate regime; however, it did not completely conform to the Paris Formula. A nonlinear zone existed in the logarithmic coordinate system of the FCGR curve and was unaffected by load ratio. The main impact factors for the appearance of the nonlinear zone were grain size and the size of the plastic zone surrounded fatigue cracks. In the nonlinear zone of the FCGR curve, an apparent crack deflection phenomenon occurred.     

低温与真空条件下1Cr18Ni9Ti钢的疲劳行为

分别在室温大气、室温真空及低温真空几种环境条件下,对1Cr18Ni9Ti钢进行对称载荷拉-压疲劳试验,利用TEM观察疲劳断口附近的显微组织,研究了环境因素对疲劳性能的影响,并对影响的原因进行了分析和讨论.研究表明:1Cr18Ni9Ti钢在低温真空条件下疲劳性能显著提高;疲劳断口附近出现大量板条马氏体;真空与低温显著提高1Cr18Ni9Ti钢疲劳性能的原因与真空对裂纹表面的净化效应,以及低温促进疲劳裂纹前沿形成板条马氏体有关.