共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 260 毫秒
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废轮胎作为一种典型的城市固体废物,由于具有耐酸、耐碱和耐生物特性,其清洁化处理难度较大。通过热解技术研究废轮胎的热解反应机理及热解油组分特性,进而可实现废轮胎的资源化利用。采用热重分析技术(TGA)对不同升温速率(5℃/min、10℃/min、15℃/min和20℃/min)下废轮胎的热解特性进行了系统研究,发现废轮胎热解过程主要发生在200~500℃温度区间,随着升温速率的增加,失重曲线(TG曲线)和失重速率曲线(DTG曲线)逐渐向高温方向偏移。采用3种等转化率法模型(Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose(KAS)模型、Ozawa-Flynn-Wall(OFW)模型和Friedman(FM)模型)对热失重数据进行了动力学分析。拟合结果表明,3种模型对应的表观活化能(Ea)分别为148~221 kJ/mol、150~221 kJ/mol和156~232 kJ/mol。随着转化率的升高,Ea和指前因子(A)呈先增大后减小趋势。在此基础上,通过OFW模型计算了不同转化率下的热力学参数(焓变(ΔH)、吉布斯自由能变(ΔG)和熵变(ΔS))。结果表明,随着转化率增加,ΔS和ΔH不断... 相似文献
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《精细石油化工》2017,(1):77-82
采用非等温法对Fe_2O_3催化剂催化花生壳的热解进行了研究,用双外推法对花生壳热解过程进行了动力学分析,获得了相应的动力学参数。实验结果表明,升温速率的增加可以提高花生壳的热解速率;Fe_2O_3催化剂的加入促进了花生壳的热解,使得热解后的最终失重量增加了51.19%。动力学研究结果表明,Fe_2O_3催化剂没有改变热解过程的反应机理,其动力学机理函数始终保持为Mample单行法则,机理函数的积分式为-ln(1-α)。两种条件下的热解活化能分别为153.30kJ/mol和134.22kJ/mol,Fe_2O_3催化剂的加入使得花生壳热解过程的活化能降低了12.45%。 相似文献
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为了达到含油污泥无害化和资源化处理的目的,使用真空管式热解炉对某炼油厂的含油污泥开展了催化热解实验。以油相回收率为评价指标,优选出了最佳的催化热解工艺参数,并将热解残渣经过活化处理后应用于含油废水的吸附处理中。催化热解实验结果表明:当催化剂活性白土的加量为1.5%(质量分数)、热解温度为440 ℃、热解时间为3 h、升温速率为10 ℃/min时,油相的回收率可以达到87.8%,达到了高效回收油相资源的目的。热解残渣使用KOH和NaOH活化处理后,其比表面积和孔体积明显高于商用活性炭,并且其重金属浸出含量远小于标准控制值。活化后的热解残渣吸附性能评价结果表明:当热解残渣加量为3%(质量分数)时,含油废水中的石油类物质含量降低率可以达到90%以上,COD值降低率可以达到95%以上,吸附效率明显高于商用活性炭,经过热解残渣吸附处理后的废水中石油类物质含量和COD值均可满足GB 8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》中的一级排放标准要求,实现了热解残渣资源化利用的目标。 相似文献
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利用催化加氢热解技术提取沉积 有机质中生物标志化合物 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
利用催化加氢热解技术提取了高演化沉积有机质中共价键结合的生物标志化合物,探讨了干酪根催化加氢热解反应机理,并考察了反应产物分布和影响反应的关键变量.实验表明,程序升温固定床催化加氢热解反应条件:温度上限为520℃,升温速率为5℃/min,氢压大于10MPa,氢气流量为5L/min,分散型催化剂为MoS2(Mo的质量分数为1%).实验结果表明,催化加氢热解对提取高产率、结构重排少的干酪根中共价键结合的生物标志化合物有独特作用,该方法可以应用于有机地球化学领域. 相似文献
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生物质热解油是生物质通过快速热解而得到的液体产物,可作为理想的石油替代能源。综述了生物质热解油的研究现状,重点介绍了生物质热解油的性质、预处理方法和化学组成,讨论了目前采用的精制生物质热解油方法,如催化加氢、催化裂化、乳化、催化酯化和水蒸气重整的特点,展望了生物质热解油的研究方向,并提出了相关建议。 相似文献
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《石油化工》2019,48(3):273
以玉米秸秆为原料,分别负载Fe_2O_3,Na_2CO_3,CaO得到生物质炭基催化剂,利用炭基催化剂对聚丙烯(PP)进行催化热解反应,采用FTIR和GC-MS方法对热解产物中的焦油进行分析,研究了液体产物产率和焦油成分的变化规律。实验结果表明,炭基催化剂可明显降低PP的液相产物产率,催化剂催化作用效果由大到小顺序为:炭-Na_2CO_3>炭-CaO>炭-Fe_2O_3>生物质炭。炭基催化剂均能促进焦油中醚类、酮类、取代苯、醇酚和芳香醚等裂解、重整,生成热解气和焦炭;可以促进取代苯脱甲基和芳香构化,促进醛类加成氧化成醇类和酸类。PP热解液相产物主要成分有苯、茚、萘、菲、烷烃、烯烃、环烯烃、芳香烃及其衍生物。采用炭-Na_2CO_3进行热解时,液体产物中十四烷相对含量很大,芳香类和含氧有机物种类增加,但含量降低,萘、苯酚及其衍生物的含量增加,菲的含量减小。 相似文献
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Penghui Yang Pei Zhou Yuan Li Chengtun Qu Ningsheng Zhang 《Petroleum Science and Technology》2018,36(7):520-524
Catalytic pyrolysis is a promising alternative for oil sludge disposal. There is significant development in pyrolytic catalysts of oil sludge in recent years, but there is no specific review about it. This microreview focused on the development in pyrolytic catalysts of oil sludge in recent years. The research work from our group was also briefly introduced. We believe this review will give some insights and help to inspire further research into pyrolytic catalysts and mechanism of oil sludge. 相似文献
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Advances in Catalytic Pyrolysis of Hydrocarbons 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Xiang-hai Meng Jin-sen Gao Li Li Chun-ming Xu 《Petroleum Science and Technology》2004,22(9):1327-1341
Catalytic pyrolysis, which combines catalytic cracking and steam pyrolysis, is a technique to process petroleum hydrocarbons. Catalytic pyrolysis has the advantages of both catalytic cracking and steam pyrolysis. It can raise the yields of light olefins, expand the flexibility of products distribution, and simultaneously lower reaction temperature and decrease energy consumption for the whole system, so it has broad application prospect. Recent development on catalytic pyrolysis catalysts and technologies are reviewed in this paper, the similarities and differences of various kinds of catalysts are compared, notable processes in home and abroad are introduced, and three kinds of reaction mechanisms about catalytic pyrolysis are summarized for different types of catalysts and technologies. Owing to the shortage in supply and the inferior quality of China's crude oil, the study and development of catalytic pyrolysis techniques are crucial to China. Deep Catalytic Cracking, Catalytic Pyrolysis Process and Heavy-Oil Contact Cracking are introduced with emphasis. 相似文献
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油气生成过程的研究是以热解实验为基础、动力学研究为工具、紧密结合盆地地质条件的系统研究方法。在总结现有研究成果的基础上,作者认为:1)加水热解适于模拟石油生成,限定体系热解可以很好地模拟石油与天然气生成/裂解实验体系,可进行含水热解实验;2)半封闭的幕式排烃热解设备尚待开发;3)压力对有机质成熟和生烃/原油裂解均有一定影响,但压力下二者的演化进程可能并不同步;4)以单一升温速率为基础的动力学研究将不被国内外同行认可;5)有压力的生烃、同位素演化动力学模型值得进一步研究;6)由于水的存在,除了水溶性催化剂外,大多数地质催化剂对生烃的影响可能并不显著,但对油气在储层中的裂解可能有作用;7)天然气的成分、同位素变化与聚集史密切相关,应给予足够的重视;8)无机质以及加水热解动力学研究、非烃气体生成与同位素演化的动力学具有潜在的科学研究价值。 相似文献
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《Petroleum Science and Technology》2013,31(9-10):1327-1341
Abstract Catalytic pyrolysis, which combines catalytic cracking and steam pyrolysis, is a technique to process petroleum hydrocarbons. Catalytic pyrolysis has the advantages of both catalytic cracking and steam pyrolysis. It can raise the yields of light olefins, expand the flexibility of products distribution, and simultaneously lower reaction temperature and decrease energy consumption for the whole system, so it has broad application prospect. Recent development on catalytic pyrolysis catalysts and technologies are reviewed in this paper, the similarities and differences of various kinds of catalysts are compared, notable processes in home and abroad are introduced, and three kinds of reaction mechanisms about catalytic pyrolysis are summarized for different types of catalysts and technologies. Owing to the shortage in supply and the inferior quality of China's crude oil, the study and development of catalytic pyrolysis techniques are crucial to China. Deep Catalytic Cracking, Catalytic Pyrolysis Process and Heavy-Oil Contact Cracking are introduced with emphasis. 相似文献
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Catalytic pyrolysis is a promising technology for the production of light olefins. In this article, current advances in catalytic pyrolysis with respect to pyrolysis catalysts, technologies and reaction mechanisms are summarized. An experimental laboratory method, based on a confined fluidized bed reactor, has been used to study catalytic pyrolysis of Chinese Daqing atmospheric residue over three different catalysts: LCM-5, CEP-1, and RSCC-29. Analysis of pyrolyzed gases shows that product yields are strongly dependent on catalyst type. The optimal operating conditions vary with catalyst type, but in each case, the yields of total light olefins show maxima with increasing temperature. Pyrolyzed liquids are primarily aromatic components, indicating that the degree of catalytic pyrolysis is very deep. Hydrogen balance analysis shows that the catalytic pyrolysis of heavy oil is capable of producing light olefins with high hydrogen contents. 相似文献