公共建筑能耗监测与管理系统关键技术研究

对于公共建筑能耗监测与管理系统,更加有效地实施建筑能耗统计及建筑节能管理具有重要的意义。本文结合我国建筑能耗的实际情况,在对公共建筑能耗监测与管理系统进行需求分析的基础上,首先建立了系统的结构框架,给出了能耗数据获取及传输的具体方法;而后设计和实现了数据监测、数据分析与数据维护管理软件平台的开发;最后对能耗评价体系和数据挖掘方法进行讨论。实际运行测试结果表明,该系统数据传输安全可靠、管理方便,能够实现建筑能耗的在线监测和动态分析。     

重庆某酒店中央空调系统运行管理现状及能耗分析

通过对重庆某酒店中央空调系统最近几年能耗数据的调查和其运行管理现状分析，采用单位建筑面积平均一次能耗量对其进行能耗计算，并与国内、国外同类建筑的穹调耗能水平进行比较，获得该酒店的运行能耗水平。通过对该建筑的能耗水平评价并分析其能耗特点，指出了该酒店中央空调系统设计和运行管理的不合理因素，提出了相应的节能降耗措施。     

基于DEST和能耗监管平台的图书馆空调节能分析

图书馆作为校园内的高耗能建筑,其空调系统的运行效率普遍偏低。调研了浙江大学医学图书馆的空调运行状况,利用DEST建筑模拟软件进行建模,同时利用浙江大学建筑能耗监管平台的实测数据进行模型修正,以此作为空调系统运行能耗基准,再参照国家相关节能规定的运行条件进行二次建模,分析计算得出空调系统存在30%的节能空间。经现场实证发现仪表故障、上位机老化等若干导致空调高耗能的共性问题。探讨了能耗模拟的创新应用过程,为同类建筑的空调系统节能改造和经济运行提供一定参考。     

基于不确定性量化分析的超低能耗建筑空调系统运行能耗研究

由于实际建筑运行条件复杂多变,单一工况点下的建筑空调系统运行能耗模拟计算结果往往与实测数据偏差较大。为准确评估上海一栋超低能耗建筑空调系统的运行能耗,应用不确定性量化分析方法对其进行了分析研究,使用累积概率对建筑空调系统运行能耗进行了概率估计。对影响空调系统运行能耗的参数进行了不确定性辨析,确定了参数概率分布及取值范围;在此基础上,使用DesignBuilder对空调系统运行能耗进行了不确定性量化分析。经计算可知,在95%的概率下,该建筑空调系统全年单位面积运行能耗约为25 kW·h/(m~2·a)。     

建筑工程空调系统节能措施分析探讨

本文结合笔者多年暖通设计实践经验,运用空调系统的设计原理,从节能降耗的角度,简要分析了影响空调能耗的诸多因素,从建筑空调系统的设计和实际运行过程入手,详细阐述了建筑空调系统若干节能处理措施,并进行了归纳和总结。     

建筑工程空调系统节能措施分析探讨

本文结合笔者多年暖通设计实践经验,运用空调系统的设计原理,从节能降耗的角度,简要分析了影响空调能耗的诸多因素,从建筑空调系统的设计和实际运行过程入手,详细阐述了建筑空调系统若干节能处理措施,并进行了归纳和总结。     

浅析大型综合商业建筑中能耗管理系统的应用

本文以某大型综合商业项目中能耗管理系统的应用为例,通过采用能耗管理系统,对建筑能耗规律进行分析并有针对性地挖掘节能潜力,发挥了显著的节能效果。以此论证能耗管理系统在大型综合商业建筑中的应用意义。     

上海某绿色办公建筑机电系统运行管理案例分析

以上海某获得绿色建筑运行标识三星级的办公建筑为典型案例,对其机电系统运行管理现状进行调研分析,评价该建筑的能耗水平、分析其用能特点,指出该建筑机电系统设计和运行管理的不合理因素,并提出相应的节能降耗措施.     

建筑电能耗无线监测平台设计

提出了一种基于Wi-Fi技术的楼宇无线监测与管理系统。通过改进Levenberg-Marquardt训练算法的BP神经网络对建筑电能耗进行建模,采用LabVIEW开发平台,设计良好的人机交换界面,实时监测楼宇电能四项分类能耗,同时通过能耗模型对电能耗进行预测,为楼宇的运行管理提供用能定额方案和科学依据。通过测试及分析,结果显示能耗模型预测精度高、稳定,整个系统运行良好、实时性强。     

基于实测数据的地源热泵系统在某近零能耗建筑中运行效果分析

我国近零能耗建筑的发展处于发展初期,目前全国范围内建成10多个近零能耗示范工程。近零能耗建筑中关于可再生能源系统应用的分析和研究在国内尚处于空白。本文以某近零能耗建筑中地源热泵系统实际运行数据为基础,介绍了该地源热泵系统夏季和冬季的运行情况,并探索性地分析了地源热泵系统对该近零能耗建筑能源系统贡献率。文章首先介绍了该近零能耗建筑地源热泵系统夏季和冬季整体运行情况,包括系统地源侧、室内侧供回水温度、温差,并分析了冬季和夏季系统运行COP,最后基于地源热泵系统向室内提供的冷量和热量探索性地讨论了地源热泵系统对该近零能耗建筑能源系统的贡献率。     

建筑运行能耗监测与节能诊断系统的开发

国家机关办公建筑和大型公共建筑的高耗能问题日益突出,该类建筑的节能改革正成为当前建筑节能工作的重点,因此做好此类建筑运行能耗尤其是暖通空调设备运行能耗的监测与节能诊断分析对实现"十一五"节能目标有重要意义.本文设计开发了建筑运行能耗监测与节能诊断系统硬件子系统,该系统不仅能监测耗能量,还能监测用能品质.主要研究内容包括以MS SQL Server 2000作为平台设计了能耗监测与数据信息数据库系统,开发了建筑运行能耗监测数据采集服务器程序与客户端查询分析程序,建筑用户凭密码可在网上查询最新的监测数据并得到分析报告,从而帮助建筑用户实现能源系统由粗放型管理转变为精细型、科学化管理.在此系统基础上,通过工程案例分析,发现空调系统中存在严重的"大流量、小温差"现象和电力系统中存在"三相不平衡"能源浪费问题.     

广州公共建筑能耗调查及研究

本文对广州市15幢不同功能的公共建筑进行了能耗调查，分析了建筑设备全年运行记录的数据，并对该地区建筑能耗的重点：空调系统的能耗现状做出了评价。针对调查过程中发现的问题，提出了一些公共建筑节能对策。     

HVAC system strategies for energy conservation in commercial buildings in Saudi Arabia

In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in energy consumption in Saudi Arabia. The building sector being the largest consumer of electric energy represents a major potential contributor for reducing energy consumption. Due to their functional and operational characteristics, commercial buildings relatively consume more energy (per unit area) than other types of buildings. The heating, ventilating and air-conditioning system (HVAC) is one of the largest end-users of energy in these buildings, particularly in harsh climates. Energy efficient design and operation of HVAC systems in commercial buildings can offer major opportunities for reduced energy consumption and contribute to sustainable development. However, improper utilization of energy conservation measures can result in reduced environmental quality. This in turn exposes the occupants to thermal discomfort and health risks, and consequently diminishes the economic value of the facility. Therefore, a well assessed and balanced energy conservation strategy is required to achieve energy efficiency while maintaining desired level of thermal comfort. In this study, major design and operational parameters for different types of HVAC systems influencing energy consumption are investigated utilizing the Visual-DOE program. Results indicate that energy savings of up to 30% can be obtained while maintaining acceptable level of thermal comfort when HVAC systems are properly selected and operated.     

深圳大型公共建筑能耗调查与节能改造案例分析

大型公共建筑普遍存在功能多样、系统复杂、能耗大的特点。本文首先通过对深圳市某大型公共建筑的能耗调查及现场测试,分析了建筑的能耗特征,并根据建筑的实际运行特点,提出了节能改造的建议。而后对改造效果进行了跟踪测试。     

住宅建筑能耗评估与能效标识制度及其运行机制的研究

住宅建筑节能对我国社会可持续发展具有重要意义,本文在分析我国住宅建筑节能管理现状的基础上,设计了符合我国国情的住宅建筑能耗评估、能效标识制度及其运行机制,同时提出政府应利用财政、税收等经济杠杆对不同利益主体实施激励,并积极培育节能住宅中介评价机构。     

民用建筑能耗的统计方案及数据库软件在建筑节能中的应用研究

介绍了国内外建筑能耗统计的发展状况,着重阐述了民用建筑能耗统计方案及其数据库软件在建筑节能领域的应用研究过程。     

Development of a dynamic operational rating system in energy performance certificates for existing buildings: Geostatistical approach and data-mining technique

The operational rating system in building energy performance certificates(EPCs) has been used for systematically monitoring and diagnosing the energy performance in the operation and maintenance phases of existing buildings. However, there are several limitations of the conventional operational rating system,which can be subdivided into three aspects:(i) building category;(i i) region category; and(iii) space unit size. To overcome these challenges, this study conducted the problem analysis of the conventional operational rating system for existing buildings by using the statistical and geostatistical approaches. Based on the problem analysis, this study developed the dynamic operational rating(DOR) system for existing buildings by using the data-mining technique and the probability approach. The developed DOR system can be used as a tool for building energy performance diagnostics.To validate the applicability of the developed DOR system, educational facilities were selected as the representative type of existing buildings in South Korea. As a result, it was determined that the developed DOR system can solve the irrationality of the conventional operational rating system(i.e., the negative correlation between the space unit size and the CO2 emission density). Namely, the operational ratings of small buildings were adjusted upward while those of large buildings were adjusted downward. The developed DOR system can allow policymakers to establish the reasonable operational rating system for existing buildings, which can motivate the public to actively participate in energy-saving campaigns.     

杭州市公共建筑能耗现状及节能分析

本文通过对杭州市35栋公共建筑进行能耗调查、检查能源管理制度制定和实施情况以及用能设备运行状况,得出了所调查的杭州市公共建筑综合能耗范围为473.01～4 503.53 MJ/(m2.a),平均为1 265.06 MJ/(m2.a)。在此基础上分析比较了商场、宾馆饭店、写字楼和政府机关建筑能耗的差异,并针对存在的问题,提出了相应的建议。     

Transport,Housing and Urban Form: The Life Cycle Energy Consumption and Emissions of City Centre Apartments Compared with Suburban Dwellings

Buildings in cities and the activities carried out therein use a significant proportion of a nation's energy consumption and produce substantial quantities of greenhouse gases in the process. Residential buildings are a large contributor, partially as a result of the transport and housing activities of households. In this study, life cycle analysis is used to calculate the total transport and housing energy and emissions from a sample of 41 households in apartment buildings in the city centre of Adelaide, Australia and compare them with suburban households. The purpose of this is to determine whether the urban density option of higher rise dwellings offers a lower environmental impact than conventional housing. The analysis includes delivered energy and greenhouse gas emissions generated by motorised travel and activities within the dwellings, and the energy and emissions embodied in household motor vehicles and the apartment buildings. The total delivered energy consumption of apartment households was found to be lower than suburban households due mainly to higher car usage, particularly in the outer suburbs. However, the analysis of total greenhouse gas emissions provided a somewhat different comparison especially when they were considered on a per capita basis. The total per capita emissions for apartment households varied considerably but, on average, exceeded those of both the inner and outer suburban households. This resulted from lower occupancy rates and higher emissions arising from higher dwelling operational and embodied energy consumption. Overall, it cannot be assumed that centralised, higher density living will deliver per capita emission reductions for residents, once the combined per capita life cycle emissions from housing and transport have been accounted for. A more vigorous educational, promotional and regulatory approach is required to achieve greater operational and embodied energy efficiency in apartment buildings to fully realise the emissions-reducing potential of such buildings in centralised locations.

     

公共建筑能耗统计方法的研究

为全面了解我国公共建筑能耗的基本状况,为建筑节能工作及能源领域的管理决策提供有力的数据支持,有必要在全国范围内建立起科学的公共建筑能耗统计制度。对公共建筑能耗统计体系的建立进行了研究。从公共建筑基本信息、能耗设备的拥有和使用情况及公共建筑日、月、年能耗3个方面建立起公共建筑能耗统计指标体系。设计了公共建筑能耗统计报表。