循环冷却水系统中立式蒸发器腐蚀原因分析

采用化学分析法,扫描电镜,能谱分析等测试手段,分析了某乳品公司碳钢立式蒸发器循环水中的有害成分、腐蚀产物的形貌和元素,测试了循环水中放置669 h和1054 h碳钢试样的腐蚀速率.研究表明:水中含有铁细菌、硫酸盐还原菌、有害的氯离子和硫酸根离子;靠设备一侧腐蚀产物表面发现了菊花状的硫酸盐还原菌;碳钢的腐蚀速率分别为0.6593 mm/a和0.7187 mm/a.综合分析认为,冷却水介质中蒸发器的孔蚀原因是氧的去极化,垢下腐蚀,硫酸盐还原菌和铁细菌腐蚀协同作用的结果.     

细菌的变异及其腐蚀行为的研究

针对介质ｐＨ值的变化对硫酸盐还原菌（ＳＲＢ）的影响，研究了在不同ｐＨ值介质中ＳＲＢ的变异规律及变异菌对碳钢腐蚀的影响。结果表明，耐酸菌和耐碱菌的活性均比原始菌弱；变弱菌及原始菌的腐蚀对比试验表明，耐碱菌对碳钢腐蚀最严重，其次是耐酸菌，两者均大于原始菌。     

高矿化度油田卤水中pH值对20碳钢在硫酸盐还原菌作用下腐蚀行为的影响

目前对含硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)高矿化度下油气田卤水的腐蚀行为报道较少.采用挂片腐蚀试验和电化学试验法研究了20碳钢在含硫酸盐还原菌的不同pH值高矿化度油田卤水中的腐蚀规律,采用扫描电镜观察试样形貌.结果表明:20碳钢在pH值为5.5的含SRB腐蚀液中的腐蚀较pH值为7.5时严重,是不含SRB腐蚀液中的6倍多;pH值为7.5时,20碳钢表面微生物膜较厚,碳钢的腐蚀速率有所下降,致密的SRB生物膜的形成对溶液中Cl-的迁移起到了阻碍作用,碳钢的腐蚀得到了一定的抑制.     

硫酸盐还原菌诱发腐蚀的研究热点

概述了硫酸盐还原菌诱发腐蚀及相关领域的研究现状,包括硫酸盐还原菌的生化、生态特性研究,并着重论述了硫酸盐还原菌诱发腐蚀产物 铁硫化物对腐蚀过程的影响。     

微生物与磁场作用下管线钢的腐蚀行为研究进展

随着埋地年限的推移,目前已被大量应用于实际管道工程的X80钢等高强度管线钢开始逐批面临着腐蚀的危害.工地常采用的漏磁检测等现代技术在施工后难免会残留剩余磁场,与土壤中微生物和腐蚀性离子等因素一起形成了复杂的腐蚀体系.微生物和磁场作为工地上常见的腐蚀因子,对管道的腐蚀行为有着不同程度的影响.土壤中不同类型的细菌对埋地管线钢的腐蚀机理和腐蚀程度不同,最常见的两种微生物——好氧菌铁细菌(IOB)及厌氧菌硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)对腐蚀影响较为突出,而目前研究学者对IOB的腐蚀机理认识趋于统一,对于SRB的腐蚀机理却有多种假设.人工磁场、漏磁检测等技术已成为新时代的产物,而当前却鲜有针对磁场在工程实际中的相关研究,磁场与微生物共存时的研究也仍处于初期阶段.学术界已通过大量实验研究了SRB与IOB对钢材的腐蚀行为,证实了微生物加速金属腐蚀的假设,同时SRB与IOB共存时,二者的协同作用进一步加剧了金属腐蚀.磁场不仅单方面对金属腐蚀有影响,在微生物存在的情况下,亦对微生物的活性有抑制作用,但在一定的磁场范围内又可通过钢材表面电化学行为及介质内离子流动改变生物膜或钢材表面的特性,进而起到抑制腐蚀的作用.综合已有研究可知,磁场、微生物共存时的腐蚀体系极为复杂,对已有结果进行归纳并展望此领域的研究前景实有必要.本文归纳了两种主要微生物,即厌氧菌硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)、好氧菌铁细菌(IOB)分别与磁场共同作用时对金属腐蚀的机理,总结了学术界关于磁场与硫酸盐还原菌协同作用的研究现状,分析了现有研究尚存在争议的问题和缺陷,并对本领域的未来研究提出新的思路.     

油田污水中碳钢表面生物膜的生长监测与控制

金属表面硫酸盐还原菌微生物膜内的反应影响金属腐蚀的机理和速度,杀灭膜内微生物是控制微生物膜腐蚀金属的重要措施。采用丝束电极技术,研究了油田污水中生物膜在Q345碳钢表面的生长规律;通过投加3种杀菌剂来灭杀生物膜内细菌,并对其杀菌效果进行了比较,获得了杀菌剂对细菌的抑制周期及最低有效浓度。结果表明:油田污水中微生物首先在Q345碳钢表面大量附着、生长,至216 h时生长完整,至360 h时开始脱落;生物膜对Q345钢的腐蚀呈现不均匀性,微生物的存在可在局部范围内降低Q345碳钢表面的腐蚀电流密度,但有促进其腐蚀的倾向;杀菌剂HGY-B1的杀菌效果优于KD-24及LC-3,投添加量为300 mg/L时,对生物膜内细菌抑制周期可达8 d,最低杀菌浓度为40 mg/L。     

硫酸盐还原菌对海泥中Q235钢腐蚀界面的影响

从钢基体与腐蚀产物界面的角度,深入研究了海泥中硫酸盐还原菌对Q235钢的腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明,最初的腐蚀产物为铁的(水合)氧化物,在硫酸盐还原菌代谢活动的影响下,腐蚀产物逐渐向贫硫,以及富硫的铁硫化物转化.后者的晶体缺陷较多且结构疏松,不能阻挡Fe2 的扩散和侵蚀性离子的渗入,导致腐蚀加速.微生物的代谢产物以及腐蚀产物的转变为点蚀的形成和扩展提供了条件,其点蚀的位置一般发生在晶界和珠光体区,并沿晶界或珠光体扩展.     

硫酸盐还原菌腐蚀研究进展

在油田注水系统和工业循环冷却水系统中,硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）是微生物腐蚀（MIC）的主要原因之一。硫酸盐还原菌对金属的腐蚀主要表现在SRB的生长代谢在金属表面形成生物膜,改变了生物膜内微环境,其代谢产物与金属基体相互作用,加速了金属的腐蚀过程。从硫酸盐还原菌的微生物生理学,SRB的腐蚀机理,SRB对材料的腐蚀,SRB腐蚀研究方法和SRB腐蚀防治等几个方面,对微生物腐蚀的近期研究状况进行综述,并展望了微生物腐蚀研究的近期发展趋势。     

D-氨基酸驱散生物膜的行为与作用机理研究

为了明确D-氨基酸增强杀菌剂的生物膜驱散效果及杀菌机理，采用不同D-氨基酸与传统杀菌剂三丁基正十四烷基氯化膦(TTPC)、四羟甲基硫酸磷(THPS)以及抗菌肽组成复配杀菌剂，通过失重实验、电化学测试、表面分析等手段研究了复配杀菌剂对碳钢表面上的硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)、铁氧化菌(IOB)、SRB+IOB混合菌的杀菌缓蚀效果，明确了D-氨基酸驱散生物膜的行为与作用机理。结果表明：SRB和IOB发生协同作用，在碳钢试样表面形成致密的生物膜，其不仅提供了适合SRB生长的厌氧环境，还对SRB起到一定的保护作用，导致SRB+IOB混合菌造成的腐蚀最为严重，而D-氨基酸释放出的生物膜分散信号因子可改变细菌细胞壁肽聚糖成分以及调节细胞基因表达方式，通过其与细菌蛋白质结合来抑制生物膜形成，并使已有生物膜主动从碳钢表面分散脱落，破坏SRB与IOB所构成的氧浓差环境，在很大程度上抑制了因细菌所产生的胞外聚合物(EPS)导致的金属腐蚀加剧，进而使得杀菌剂能更好地杀灭生物膜下的细菌，对混合菌生物膜中SRB和IOB的杀菌率分别高达100%、82.60%,表明D-氨基酸通过驱散生物膜行为对杀菌剂起到了很好的杀菌增强...     

硫酸盐还原菌生物膜下BFe30-1-1铜合金的腐蚀行为

硫酸盐还原茵是最重要的生物腐蚀茵,对凝汽器传热管的腐蚀较为严重.采用电化学方法、微生物学方法和表面分析方法,在培养基中就硫酸盐还原茵(简称SRB)对凝汽器传热管材料BFe30-1-1铜合金的腐蚀电化学行为进行了研究.结果表明:SRB的存在使电极自腐蚀电位剧烈负移,腐蚀速率显著增加,极化电阻在细菌生长后期显著降低,在SRB作用下BFe30-1-1铜合金发生了严重点蚀.     

The shielding effect of wild type iron reducing bacterial flora on the corrosion of linepipe steel

Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) by microbes capable of iron reduction (iron reducing bacteria (IRB)) on API 5L ×52 carbon steel coupons was investigated. A wild type of IRB was isolated and cultivated from a water sample collected from a sour oil well located in Louisiana, USA. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the mixed bacterial consortium contained two phylotypes close to members of the Proteobacteria (Shewanella oneidensis sp.) and Firmicutes (Brevibacillus sp.). The corrosion behavior of carbon steel coupons exposed to different media, with and without these microbes, was characterized by open circuit potential (OCP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization resistance (R_p), and a corrosion mechanism has been proposed. The biofilm and pit morphology that developed with time were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Interestingly, surface morphology and electrochemical evaluations confirmed that IRB metabolic activities and resulting biofilms inhibit the corrosion process. The maximum corrosion rate in the biotic system was 4 mpy, while it was 20 mpy in the abiotic solution. Minor isolated pits were revealed in the biotic system, whereas extensive general pitting was found in the abiotic system. Elemental analysis and corrosion product structures were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). XRD confirmed the formation of a significant amount of iron oxide compounds that include iron, Hematite (Fe₂O₃), Magnetite (Fe₃O₄) and iron (II) hydroxide Fe(OH)₂ on the steel surface exposed to a biotic system.     

葡萄糖与甘氨酸反应产物对碳钢的缓蚀效果

为了解葡萄糖与甘氨酸反应产物对碳钢的缓蚀效果,采用失重法、电化学法并结合扫描电镜观察,研究了葡萄糖与甘氨酸反应产物(PGG)对碳钢在1 mol/L HCl溶液中的腐蚀抑制作用。结果发现:PGG对碳钢表现出很好的缓蚀效果,缓蚀效率随添加浓度的增加而增加,在最大浓度250 mg/L时,表现出最好的缓蚀效果,缓蚀效率为94.7%,且缓蚀效率随温度升高而降低。PGG同时抑制了碳钢腐蚀的阴极还原反应和阳极氧化反应过程,为混合型缓蚀剂,是通过多组分的物理和化学联合吸附,在碳钢表面上形成保护性覆盖层,将碳钢与酸溶液隔离,从而起到缓蚀作用,其吸附行为遵循Langmuir吸附等温模型。葡萄糖与甘氨酸反应产物(PGG)是碳钢在1 mol/L HCl溶液中的优良缓蚀剂。     

Corrosion inhibition of carbon steel and antibacterial properties of aminotris-(methylenephosphonic) acid

In this work, the corrosion inhibition property and the antibacterial activity of the aminotris-(methylenephosphonic) acid (ATMP) have been studied. ATMP has been evaluated as a corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 1 M HCl solution using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. According to the experimental results, the inhibition efficiency increased with increasing inhibitor concentration. Tafel polarization study showed that the ATMP acts as a mixed inhibitor. Data, obtained from EIS measurements, were analyzed to model the corrosion inhibition process through appropriate equivalent circuit models. Adsorption of ATMP on the carbon steel surface obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The calculated ΔG_ads value showed that the corrosion inhibition of the carbon steel in 1 M HCl is mainly controlled by a physisorption process. In addition, the effect of immersion time on the corrosion of carbon steel was also studied in this work using ac impedance technique. The corrosion inhibition mechanism of ATMP was discussed. This inhibitor can be also used as biocide in aqueous environments. Our results showed that ATMP have an antibacterial effect against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. The lowest MIC (0.2 mg l^?1) was measured for Pseudomonas fluorescens while the highest MIC was measured for Escherichia coli (3.1 mg l^?1). In addition, the results showed that the MIC of ATMP against Listeria innocua in a buffered medium (pH 6.5) was of ca. 4-fold higher than MIC measured in unbuffered medium. Thus, our findings showed that the antibacterial activity of ATMP is a result of a combined effect of the pH solution and the chemical nature of the used phosphonate molecule.     

Synthesis of a new family of Schiff base nonionic surfactants and evaluation of their corrosion inhibition effect on X-65 type tubing steel in deep oil wells formation water

Some new Schiff base nonionic surfactants were synthesized and characterized using FTIR and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The corrosion inhibition effect of the synthesized surfactants on X-65 type tubing steel in deep oil wells formation water has been studied by polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and weight loss measurements. Polarization data indicate that the selected surfactants act as mixed type (cathodic/anodic) inhibitors. EIS results show that the change in impedance parameters with the concentration of the surfactants studied is indicative of the adsorption of surfactant molecules on carbon steel surface. The adsorption of the inhibitors was well described by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Effect of temperature on the efficiency of the corrosion inhibition process was studied and the values of activation energy, enthalpy of activation and entropy of activation were calculated and discussed. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of the surfactants is correlated with surface tension measurements data. The protective film formed on the carbon steel surface was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDX) techniques.     

[HMIM]BF_4对盐酸中A3和HP13Cr钢的缓蚀行为

为了减少钢铁冶金酸洗过程中酸液对不锈钢或碳钢的过腐蚀,得到高效的新型缓蚀剂材料,利用失重法、电化学法及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等研究了不同浓度离子液体[HMIM]BF_4对HP13Cr不锈钢以及A3碳钢在1 mol/L盐酸溶液中的缓蚀特性和吸附行为。失重试验得出,试样在1 mol/L盐酸溶液中的腐蚀速率随离子液体添加浓度的增大而减小,即离子液体缓蚀效率随其浓度增加而增大;SEM结果显示,盐酸溶液中离子液体的添加对不锈钢HP13Cr以及碳钢A3均能起到显著的保护作用。电化学测试表明,该离子液体对这2种钢材的缓蚀作用均属于混合型抑制,但阳极抑制作用表现更强。离子液体对金属的防护作用与其在金属表面的吸附行为有关;[HMIM]BF_4在2种钢材表面的吸附行为符合Langmuir吸附等温线,兼具物理、化学吸附特性,热力学参量表明吸附过程为自发、吸热的熵增过程。相比于双咪唑季铵盐,[HMIM]BF_4离子液体缓蚀剂保护性能更优异,而且对于A3碳钢更为有效。     

The effect of Pseudoxanthomonas sp. as manganese oxidizing bacterium on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel

The present study investigated the role of manganese oxidizing bacterium (MOB), namely Pseudoxanthomonas sp. on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel. This bacterium was isolated from sewage treatment plants and identified by biochemical and molecular methods. The electrochemical techniques such as open circuit potentiometry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic and cyclic polarization were used to measure the corrosion rate and observe the corrosion mechanism. Also, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction studies were applied to surface analysis. This study revealed the strong adhesion of the biofilm on the metal surface in the presence of Pseudoxanthomonas sp. that enhanced the corrosion of carbon steel. X-ray diffraction patterns identified a high content of MnO₂ deposition within these biofilms. This is the first report that discloses the involvement of Pseudoxanthomonas sp. as manganese oxidizing bacteria on the corrosion of carbon steel.     

绿色气相缓蚀剂的复配及其缓蚀性能研究

目的 为解决单组分绿色气相缓蚀剂缓蚀性能差的问题,复配一种绿色复合气相缓蚀剂,探究其对碳钢和黄铜金属试样的缓蚀作用。方法 采用腐蚀质量损失、接触角、电化学等试验测试分析复合气相缓蚀剂对碳钢、黄铜的缓蚀效果与成膜耐久性。结果 复合气相缓蚀剂对10号钢、H62黄铜的缓蚀效率分别为84.71%、91.67%,缓蚀性能显著优于单组分气相缓蚀剂;复合气相缓蚀剂在10号钢、H62黄铜表面均形成了缓蚀膜,H62黄铜表面形成的缓蚀膜较10号钢的更具耐久性。结论 与单组分气相缓蚀剂相比,该复合气相缓蚀剂对碳钢、黄铜均具备良好的缓蚀作用,为绿色气相缓蚀剂的防锈包装应用提供支撑。     

SRB对X70管线钢在喷气燃料中腐蚀行为的影响

目前,关于油水体系中微生物的腐蚀形成过程、腐蚀机理、检测和评价手段、影响因素以及腐蚀控制方法等研究尚不成熟。采用失重法、线性极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱技术,结合扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱分析仪(EDS)研究了X70管线钢在含硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)的喷气燃料中的腐蚀行为。结果表明:X70管线钢在无菌介质中的腐蚀类型为局部腐蚀;在有菌介质中腐蚀比较严重,出现大面积溃疡状腐蚀区域并伴有大量鼓泡现象,浸泡初期腐蚀速率最大,随着浸泡时间的延长,腐蚀仍然在进行,但腐蚀速率有所下降,SRB参与并促进了X70管线钢的腐蚀,加速阴极反应,增大了X70管线钢的腐蚀倾向。     

Role of ureolytic bacteria on corrosion behavior of fretted grade 880 mild steel rail

Corrosion due to toilet droppings has a pronounced effect on rails. In the present study, corrosion behavior of Mild Steel (Grade 880) was evaluated by bacterial spray chamber in presence of bacteria, and the impact of air bacteria on fretted steel was investigated. The production of ammonia and pH of medium in presence of microbes were monitored at regular intervals. The pH was observed to rise to a value of 9.6, with increase in estimated ammonia content to 6000 ppm. Conversion of FeOOH in bare steel to Fe₂O₃ and FeO as a result of corrosive attack by bacterial species revealed from XRD data. Bacterial contribution was significant in augmenting the rate of corrosion in fretted mild steel samples. SEM reveals the occurrence of pitting on fretted steel under bacterial spray chamber environment. The present study concludes by inferring that the presence of ureolytic bacteria enhances corrosion in fretted Mild steel (Grade 880).     

硫脲和I~-对碳钢在酸洗液中的协同缓蚀作用

目前,鲜见硫脲与I~-的复配技术及其在酸洗液中对碳钢缓蚀性能的报道。采用失重法、开路电位、电化学交流阻抗谱和动电位极化曲线,研究了硫脲和I~-在硫酸洗液中对碳钢的协同缓蚀效应,并采用扫描电镜对碳钢腐蚀前后的腐蚀形貌进行表征。结果发现,硫脲和I~-复配后可明显降低碳钢在硫酸洗液中的腐蚀速率,在含0.01mol/L硫脲的硫酸溶液中,添加0.01 mol/L的I~-可将对碳钢的缓蚀效率从88.7%提高到96.1%。