风电系统散热器用0359铝合金的盐雾腐蚀行为

目的研究0359铝合金的腐蚀行为,对其腐蚀使用寿命进行预测。方法采用盐雾实验模拟海洋大气环境,对腐蚀试样进行SEM、EDS、腐蚀深度、腐蚀失重、极化曲线和阻抗分析。结果 0359铝合金在盐雾腐蚀实验的条件下,腐蚀产物主要含O、Al、Si。随腐蚀时间延长,腐蚀点增多,腐蚀产物增多,且部分溶解脱落,腐蚀失重增加,腐蚀坑增大、加深。腐蚀时间由8 h逐渐增加至72 h,自腐蚀电位由-852.859 m V负移至-966.046 m V,腐蚀电流密度由0.346μA/cm~2增大至3.971μA/cm~2,腐蚀阻抗降低,腐蚀速率增加。腐蚀96 h时,自腐蚀电位正移,腐蚀电流密度减小,腐蚀阻抗增加,腐蚀速率降低。0359铝合金腐蚀失重-时间拟合曲线为y1=0.1927t~(0.6997),LC4铝合金在万宁地区户外暴露10年的腐蚀拟合失重为3.2629 g/m~2,此时,0359铝合金户外腐蚀10年的当量腐蚀深度为43.80μm,为翘片厚度的17.52%。结论 0359铝合金腐蚀形貌表现为点蚀,Al发生了吸氧腐蚀。腐蚀初期,0359铝合金表面的钝化膜阻碍了腐蚀,随腐蚀时间增加,钝化膜逐渐被破坏,腐蚀速率增加;腐蚀后期,大量腐蚀产物覆盖,阻碍了O、Cl-与铝合金的接触,降低了腐蚀速率。0359铝合金表面钝化膜和腐蚀产物具有减缓腐蚀的作用,且0359铝合金满足10年以上使用寿命。     

双电极碳钢体系在薄液膜初期干燥过程中的阻抗谱演化规律

采用电子天平和交流阻抗法在湿干变化环境中原位监测了碳钢双电极体系电化学阻抗谱，并研究了其大气腐蚀初期阻抗谱的演化规律.结果表明，薄液膜较厚时，可以利用简单的传输线模型对电化学阻抗谱进行最小二乘法拟合.薄液膜减薄至128 μm以下时，阻抗谱出现Warburg阻抗。当电极表面的薄液膜减薄至不连续时，在腐蚀初期表面没有腐蚀产物的条件下，两电极间的溶液电阻急剧增大，干燥后变为两电极间填充的绝缘材料的电阻.     

ρ(Ca2+)对碳钢在NaHCO3- NaCI - CaCl2溶液中腐蚀行为的影响

利用计时电流和电化学阻抗测试技术,检测了碳钢在NaHCO3 - NaCl - CaCl2溶液中的腐蚀行为.通过分析计时电流法的平均腐蚀速率和试样表面相应的形貌分析以及分析电化学阻抗谱的电荷转移电阻,研究了不同的Ca2+的质量浓度对碳钢腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明:少量的Ca2+对碳钢的腐蚀有抑制作用,当溶液中的ρ(Ca2+)为640 mg/L时,极化曲线测得的平均腐蚀速率为3.253e - 4A/cm2,电化学阻抗测得的电荷转移电阻为29.480 kΩ.cm2,电极表面的损伤度为2.791,碳钢的腐蚀最轻微.     

Q235碳钢表面镍铬合金化层的耐海水好氧菌腐蚀性能

目的 揭示弧辉等离子体镍铬共渗处理对Q235碳钢表面成分、结构和耐海水好氧菌腐蚀性能的影响。方法 采用弧辉等离子体渗镀技术在Q235碳钢表面制备镍铬合金化层。利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对镍铬合金化层的相组成、表面形貌和截面元素分布进行分析。利用电化学测试技术,测试并分析镍铬合金化层在海水好氧菌中的腐蚀电化学行为。结果 Q235碳钢经弧辉等离子体镍铬共渗后,表面形成了一层厚度约为50μm的镍铬合金化层,合金化层的物相为Ni2.9Cr0.7Fe0.36固溶体。在好氧菌中浸泡时,Q235碳钢表面形成了生物腐蚀膜,腐蚀膜的存在使Q235碳钢的腐蚀电位负移,局部耐蚀性降低。与Q235碳钢相比,镍铬合金化层的表面能降低,表面接触角达到111°。镍铬合金化层在好氧菌中浸泡11 d后,仅在很少的局部位置观察到细菌附着,未观察到明显的腐蚀膜。结论 Q235碳钢在好氧菌中浸泡时腐蚀严重,浸泡5 d后就在其表面形成了一层由腐蚀产物、培养基和细菌形成的腐蚀产物膜,腐蚀产物对生物膜的形成有一定的促进作用。镍铬合金化层降低了Q235碳钢表面的表面能,阻碍生物膜底膜的形成,同时形成的钝化层...     

3Cr低合金钢焊接接头腐蚀膜对基体的保护作用

利用扫描电镜分析3Cr低合金管线钢高频电阻焊接头微观组织,采用高温高压反应釜和电化学阻抗测试技术对焊接接头的CO₂腐蚀行为进行研究. 3Cr低合金钢高频电阻焊焊缝和母材的化学成分一致,组织均为铁素体+珠光体,且焊缝组织更加细小、均匀. 失重试验结果表明,焊接接头的腐蚀速率比母材小0.28 mm/年. 电化学阻抗测试结果表明,浸泡时间48和168 h后,焊缝表面腐蚀膜电阻均大于母材,焊缝腐蚀膜对基体的保护性均好于母材. 这是由于焊缝组织分布均匀细小,表面腐蚀膜均比母材均匀和致密. 浸泡48 h时焊缝表面为双层膜结构,母材为单层膜;浸泡168 h时焊缝和母材表面均为单层膜结构.     

耐指纹和钝化处理镀铝锌板的耐蚀性能对比研究

通过腐蚀速率的测定、极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱 (EIS) 和扫描电镜 (SEM) 等分析测试手段对镀铝锌板耐指纹膜和钝化膜的耐蚀性能进行了系统地对比分析。结果表明：耐指纹膜试样由于表面致密,比钝化膜试样具有更高的耐蚀性能。在3.5%NaCl溶液中,耐指纹膜试样的腐蚀速率是钝化膜试样的0.553倍;极化曲线测试中,耐指纹膜试样的阳极反应和阴极反应相对于钝化膜试样均受到不同程度的抑制,其腐蚀电流和极化电阻分别是钝化膜试样的0.041倍和9.198倍;EIS测试中,耐指纹膜试样的阻抗值比钝化膜试样高出约一个数量级。     

ρ(Ca2+)对碳钢在NaHCO3- NaCI - CaCl2溶液中腐蚀行为的影响

利用计时电流和电化学阻抗测试技术,检测了碳钢在NaHCO3 - NaCl - CaCl2溶液中的腐蚀行为.通过分析计时电流法的平均腐蚀速率和试样表面相应的形貌分析以及分析电化学阻抗谱的电荷转移电阻,研究了不同的Ca2+的质量浓度对碳钢腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明:少量的Ca2+对碳钢的腐蚀有抑制作用,当溶液中的ρ(Ca2+...     

Na2MoO4-有机膦A复合缓蚀剂对55%LiBr溶液中碳钢的缓蚀行为

采用失重法、电化学测试技术、原子力显微镜和电子探针显微分析等方法考察了Na₂MoO₄-有机膦A复合缓蚀剂对55%LiBr+0.07 mol/L LiOH溶液中碳钢的缓蚀性能。结果表明,240 ℃下碳钢在添加800 mg/L Na₂MoO₄-有机膦A复合缓蚀剂的55%LiBr+0.07 mol/L LiOH溶液中的腐蚀速率为43.2 μma^-1。在沸腾的55%LiBr+0.07 mol/L LiOH溶液中添加该缓蚀剂后,碳钢的钝化电位区间拓宽,钝化电流密度降低,反应电阻R_t值显著增加,缓蚀效率可达94.4%。该缓蚀剂能使碳钢表面形成显微结构为孤岛状的膜层,主要成分为Fe和Mo的氧化物。     

氯离子对钝态金属电极阻抗频谱的影响

研究了钝化的20号碳钢电极在受到溶液中的CI~-的作用而尚未生成腐蚀孔时(孔蚀诱导期内)的阻抗频谱特征。发现极化电阻比之没有Cl~-时降低了4个数量级,而且低频区阻抗实部呈现电感性收缩现象。这种实部收缩现象随着时间的增加逐渐减弱。对于表面复盖有钝化膜的金属电极的交流阻抗提出了一个统一的数学模型,可以解释溶液中没有Cl~-时和受到Cl~-影响时的钝态金属电极的阻抗频谱。     

超临界CO2环境中温度和流速对N80碳钢腐蚀行为的影响

目的研究超临界CO2环境中温度和流速对N80碳钢腐蚀行为的影响,探讨N80碳钢在超临界CO2环境中的腐蚀机制。方法利用高压釜进行失重和电化学测试,同时利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)进行腐蚀形貌观察和腐蚀产物成分分析。结果当温度为40℃时,腐蚀速率最小,电化学阻抗随时间延长持续减小,此条件下并没形成FeCO3保护膜。升高温度导致腐蚀初期的腐蚀速率明显增大,然而腐蚀某个时刻后,电化学阻抗突然增大,意味着FeCO3保护膜的形成。温度越高,腐蚀24 h后的阻抗越大,产物膜越致密,保护性越好。另外,腐蚀失重速率随流速的增加而增大,电化学测试也表明流速越大,阻抗越小,腐蚀电流密度越大。SEM形貌分析表明,流体流动破坏了FeCO3膜的致密度,降低了其对N80碳钢基体的保护作用。结论尽管升高温度加速了N80碳钢的腐蚀,但却有利于保护性FeCO3膜的形成。温度越高,FeCO3膜越致密。流体流动破坏了保护性FeCO3膜的致密性,加速了N80碳钢腐蚀。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.