调整处理对17-4PH不锈钢耐海水腐蚀性能的影响

运用化学浸泡、极化曲线、循环极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱等方法研究了固溶后直接时效状态和调整＋时效状态的17—4PH不锈钢在人工海水中的耐蚀性能，并对显微组织作了观察和分析。结果表明，17—4PH不锈钢过调整处理后再进行时效处理，自腐蚀电位和点蚀电位升高而年腐蚀率下降，耐海水腐蚀性能全面优于直接时效态试样。其原因是17-4PH不锈钢经过调整处理后进行时效可避免贫铬区的形成，并使马氏体组织呈细小化特征，材料的组织均匀性提高。     

Corrosive-wear resistance of stainless steels for the impeller of slurry pump used in zinc hydrometallurgy process

1. IntroductionA number of pumps have been widely used in thefollowing fields: water power, electric power, smelting,coal mine, oil field, chemical plant, papermaking and soon. The wet parts of pump (mainly consists of impellerand pump shell etc.) can easily be damaged due to theerosion and corrosion of the slurry, namely the combinedcorrosion wear (C-W) or erosion-corrosion (E-C) [1-3]. Ithas been reported that C-W is responsible for more than5 % of the total wear encountered in industrial …     

不同温度时效后17-4PH不锈钢的高周腐蚀疲劳性能

对17-4PH不锈钢进行固溶+稳定化+时效处理,分析了568 ℃和605 ℃两种温度时效后17-4PH不锈钢的显微组织、硬度、裂纹扩展速率、腐蚀疲劳断口以及疲劳极限。结果表明:时效温度为568 ℃的17-4PH不锈钢疲劳极限相对于605 ℃时效温度的疲劳极限明显提高,其疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值高于605 ℃的,疲劳扩展速率明显低于605 ℃的。两种温度时效后钢的疲劳断口均属于解理断裂。     

Influence of cold working on the pitting corrosion resistance of stainless steels

This paper addresses the influence of cold rolling and tensile deformation on the pitting corrosion resistance of AISI 304 and AISI 430 stainless steels, investigated using some electrochemical techniques specifically designed for the different pitting stages to be analyzed separately. Cold work is shown to act differently depending on the pitting stage under consideration. (i) The pit initiation frequency shows a maximum after 20% cold-rolling reduction or 10% tensile deformation. This maximum is also observed on the ferritic grade, contradicting the hypothesis of a direct effect of strain-induced martensite, and is more likely related to the dislocations pile-ups. (ii) The pit propagation rate increases monotonously with cold rolling reduction, and pit repassivation ability decreases (leading to a larger number of stable pits), suggesting that the overall dislocation density is the controlling factor in these stages. Last, the significance of pitting potential measurements is discussed in the light of the effect of the cold-rolling reduction on the measured values.     

Microbiologically influenced corrosion of stainless steels – What is required for pitting?

Pitting of stainless steels in environments normally regarded as completely harmless is often attributed to microbial activity. In this paper, attention is drawn on one hand to the basic requirements for pitting of stainless steels to be possible, and on the other hand to various ways how microbial activity could contribute to a fulfilment of these requirements. For pit growth to be possible, three basic requirements must be fulfilled: 1) the environment must contain anions that can form an aggressive solution into the pit, 2) there must be a potential difference between the interior of the pit and the open surface outside the pit, 3) the temperature must exceed a critical value. The main factors that normally influence the possibility of pitting are the chloride content and the oxidising power of the environment, presence of anions other than chloride, temperature, possible presence of deposits on the steel surface, and the composition of the steel. Anions other than chloride in the bulk solution, including sulphate, usually have an inhibiting effect. Thiosulphate, however, is known to promote pitting under certain conditions. The possible ways of microbial activity to enhance pitting could include deposit formation leading to crevice type of attack, local modification of the composition of the environment to a more concentrated one, raising the electrode potential of the steel surface (“ennoblement”), or formation of reaction products that permit active dissolution inside a pit at lower potentials. Special attention is drawn to the possible action of thiosulphate by enhancing the anodic reaction at low potentials of the dissolving surface inside the pits.     

Atmospheric corrosion of carbon steels pre‐corroded by different pollutants

Carbon steels were pre‐corroded in atmospheres containing certain pollutants such as sulfur dioxide or hydrogen sulfide or nitrogen dioxide for certain period of time. Then the pre‐corroded samples were further exposed at two central test stations in the country to evaluate the influence of pre‐corrosion on the behavior of long‐term atmospheric corrosion of carbon steel by gravimetric measurement and rust examinations with FT‐IR and XRD. The results showed that the corrosion rates of every kind of carbon steel at Jiangjin station were two times higher than that at Beijing station. The influence of different pre‐corrosion conditions on the long‐term atmospheric corrosion of carbon steel was analyzed. It followed that the pre‐corrosion conditions made the long‐term atmospheric corrosion performance of three kinds of carbon steels different, but the differences were small. Among the three pollutants, NO₂ showed the strongest influence to the process. As the exposure time was going on, all the samples corroded slowly at Beijing and Jiangjin stations.     

The influence of surface treatments in hot acid solutions on the corrosion resistance and oxide structure of stainless steels

The effect of anodic treatments on the corrosion resistance in Cl⁻-solutions and the structure of oxide layers on alloy AISI304 was investigated. Oxides were analysed using RBS, SEM and TEM. The highest pitting potential shifts (790 mV) are obtained by anodizing at high temperature (95 °C) within the passive range in acid baths. Using this method it was possible to grow oxides layers up to 400 nm, that are constituted of porous nanocrystalline spinel. Mo and Nb are incorporated into the oxide layer but have no benefit on the improvement of corrosion resistance, which is explained by greater thickness and Cr-enrichment of the oxide layer.     

Influence of chemical composition on the pitting corrosion resistance of non-standard low-Ni high-Mn-N duplex stainless steels

The pitting corrosion resistance of a new family of duplex stainless steels has been evaluated. These non-standard duplex stainless steels are characterised by low Ni content and high N and Mn levels. Potentiodynamic polarisation scans in NaCl solution have been carried out to determine pitting potentials. A crevice-free cell has been used to perform the electrochemical tests.An exponential equation is obtained in the regression analysis between the pitting potential and chemical composition which allows an estimate of the pitting resistance of these new duplex stainless steels.     

Prediction of the remaining lifetime of stainless steels under conditions of stress corrosion cracking

The prediction of the lifetime of metal structures and equipment under conditions of stress corrosion is very complicated because of the complexity of this process of degradation. Recently a new method, based on the so‐called corrosion elongation curves, has been found, which can be used to predict the time to failure under these conditions. By upgrading of these curves (and thus obtaining Upgraded Corrosion Elongation Curves – UCEC's) it has been possible to obtain a precise definition of the time needed for the initiation of the corrosion crack, and for its stable growth. It is upon this basis that diagrams for the prediction of remaining lifetime (DPRL's) have been developed. DPRL's can also be used to predict the values of various critical parameters which have to be achieved if a stress corrosion crack is to occur.     

Use of SECM to study the electrochemical behavior of DIN 1.4575 superferritic stainless steel aged at 475 °C

In order to lower the excessive costs of metallic prosthesis materials alternatives to Ti and Ti alloys have been searched. In this study, the corrosion resistance of the DIN 1.4575 superferritic stainless steel, either solution annealed or solution annealed and aged at 475 °C for periods varying from 100 to 1080 h, was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization methods in Hanks' solution. The solution annealed and the aged for 1080 h samples were also tested using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) in a 0.1 mol/L NaCl solution at 25 °C. The EIS results showed that the corrosion resistance of the DIN 1.4575 steel decreases with heat treatment time at 475 °C probably due to alpha prime formation. Besides the diminution of the overall impedance values, the low frequency limit of the Nyquist diagrams show a progressive change from an almost capacitive response to a resistive behavior as the heat treatment time increases. Pitting corrosion resistance also decreased with aging time at 475 °C.     

The erosion‐corrosion resistance of uncoated and aluminized 12% chromium ferritic steels under fluidized‐bed conditions at elevated temperature

In this paper, some results from a study of the erosion‐corrosion resistance of uncoated and aluminized 12% chromium steel in a fluidized‐bed rig are reported. The aims of the research are to establish and compare the erosion‐corrosion resistance of these materials for possible applications as heat exchangers in future power plants, and to obtain an increased understanding on their behaviour and mutual superiority in a range of conditions. Damage to the uncoated 12% chromium steel occurs by an oxidation‐affected erosion process under all the studied conditions, with spallation of scale being the primary mechanism of material wastage. At a temperature of 550°C, the uncoated steel follows the typical angle‐dependence of a brittle material, while, at temperatures above 550°C, it follows an angle‐dependence that is more typical of a ductile material. This change in the angle‐dependence with temperature is related to characteristics, i.e. uniformity, adhesion and density, of the formed oxide scales. The rate of material wastage increases with increase in speed and temperature, due to the development of thicker, more uniform and more dense oxide scales, that promote more severe scale spallation. The erosion‐corrosion behaviour of the aluminized 12% chromium steel changes in the temperature range from 600°C to 650°C. This is due to a shift from a brittle‐like to a ductile‐like angle‐dependence and to a more rapid oxide scale build‐up at temperatures above 600°C. At an impact angle of 30° and at 550°C and 600°C, the prevailing erosion‐corrosion process for the aluminized steel is oxidation‐affected erosion. At 650°C and 700°C for an impact angle of 90°, the primary erosion‐corrosion mode is essentially erosion‐enhanced oxidation. The results of the study have also demonstrated that the Al₅Fe₂ coating deposited by pack aluminization offers enhanced protection against erosion‐corrosion at shallow impact angles at 550°C and 600°C and at steeper impact angles at 700°C.     

Influence of long-term ageing in solution containing chloride ions on the passivity and the corrosion resistance of duplex stainless steels

The influence of long-term ageing in NaCl on the passivity and the electrochemical behavior of UNS S32304 is studied. The passive film thickness, the Cr/Fe ratio and the chloride content were significantly increased after ageing. The chloride distribution depends on residual stresses, sample microstructure and surface preparation. Local electrochemical measurements revealed that pitting potentials are between 250–550 mV vs. SCE after electropolishing. The higher the chloride content, the lower the local pitting potential. It was also shown that the presence of chloride was balanced by the enrichment in chromium after ageing. Then no pitting potential could be measured.