气提法去除油田污水中H2S的实验研究

采用实验室小型模拟气提装置对油田污水中的H2S气体进行去除,考察了载气通量、通气时间以及酸碱度对去除效果的影响.研究结果表明,气提法对油田污水中的H2S有明显的去除效果,可大幅降低污水对碳钢的腐蚀速率,当原水pH为5,气水比为6∶1时可以达到最好效果.     

正渗透膜生物反应器膜过滤特性研究

以氯化钠为驱动溶质,采用正渗透膜生物反应器处理模拟生活污水,系统地考察了各因素对正渗透膜过滤性能的影响。结果表明,随着驱动液浓度增加,水通量和反向盐通量也随之增加;正渗透膜活性层朝向驱动液时(AL-DS)的水通量和反向盐通量较活性层朝向原料液(AL-FS)时大;水通量和反向盐通量与错流速率正相关,在错流速率较低时增加不明显;随着活性污泥浓度增加,水通量呈下降趋势,而反向盐通量呈上升趋势。     

微滤/纳滤联用技术深度处理印染废水

采用微滤-纳滤联用装置对印染废水进行深度处理,考察了作为预处理的微滤技术对生化二沉池出水的COD和浊度的去除效果.进一步考察了纳滤膜的COD去除率、盐截留率和脱色效果,并考察了各种操作条件对渗透通量的影响.试验结果表明,经微滤一纳滤联用技术处理后的水质COD去除率大于86%,盐截留率大于95%,浊度和色度去除率高达100%.纳滤膜的渗透通量随着操作压力的增大而增大,并且在温度25～30℃之间有较高的渗透通量,其在较高的pH范围内渗透通量较高.该系统产水达到国家一级排放标准,并可以回用做工业用水,具有很好的工业应用价值.     

纳滤膜处理印染废水的研究

对纳滤技术处理印染废水进行了去除COD和脱色的研究。考察了不同压力和pH值及温度对滤出液的出水品质的影响。实验还考察了各种操作条件对通量的影响,实验结果表明,纳滤技术可有效地去除印染废水中的色度和COD,而且废水回收率高达90％以上,经过处理后的水质COD去除率大于90％,色度去除率大于99．5％。膜的通量随着操作压力的增大而增大,并且在温度20-30℃之间有较高的渗透液通量,其在较低的的pH值范围内渗透液通量较高。通过膜的渗透液完全可以达到回用或排放的目的,而浓废水由于脱除了盐所以可以用生化法、湿式氧化、高温焚烧等方法处理。具有很好的工业应用价值。     

尼龙纺织布生物反应器处理生活污水的研究

采用尼龙纺织布代替膜生物反应器中的膜组件组成新型尼龙纺织布生物反应器(NWFBR),考察3种孔径的尼龙纺织布(0.031、0.019、0.015mm)生物反应器对模拟生活污水的处理效果,并对运行过程中尼龙纺织布的通量进行分析。结果表明,NWFBR工艺对浊度、SS、COD和NH3-N的去除效果很好。尼龙纺织布本身对COD有一定去除作用,对氨氮无去除作用。其清水通量和泥水混合物通量都明显比传统膜通量高。通过简单的物理清洗,布通量的恢复率达到90%左右。     

MBR污水处理工艺长期运行中的膜强化清洗方式

基于上海城镇污水处理厂AAO-MBR膜工艺长期运行中膜不可逆污染严重、离线化学清洗难以恢复理想通量的问题,对其清洗方式进行改进.在原清洗方式的基础上增加草酸二次清洗,探究污染膜产水能力恢复情况,并通过中试试验进行验证.结果表明:膜清洗方式改进后,离线清洗对膜污染物的去除更加彻底,清水通量可恢复至新膜的95.1％,较原清...     

正渗透膜分离技术处理生活污水的实验研究

以正渗透膜分离系统为实验装置对某校园生活污水进行处理,考察了正渗透膜在膜朝向不同时对水通量和氮的截留效率的影响以及膜污染的状况。结果表明,正渗透过程活性层朝向原料液侧的FO模式下水通量下降趋势较小,水通量较稳定,且对污水中的氮污染物的截留效果好于压力阻尼渗透过程活性层朝向驱动液侧的PRO模式。FO模式运行下的膜污染比PRO模式相对较轻,污染物质在膜的活性层表面形成了胶状层,采用去离子水浸泡+设备运行冲洗的物理方法对污染的膜进行清洗后,膜活性层表面的大部分污染物被清除,膜表面的初始形态可基本恢复。     

聚丙烯中空纤维膜的应用与清洗方法

采用聚丙烯中空纤维微孔膜的减压膜蒸馏技术对氯化钠、氯化钙和硫酸镁等盐溶液进行脱盐处理，考察了料液温度、料液流量、料液浓度和冷测真空度对膜的渗透通量和去除率的影响。实验表明：随着真空度及料液流量、温度的提高，膜的渗透通量有增加的趋势。在相同条件下处理不同的盐溶液，膜的渗透通量相差不大，膜的去除率达到99％以上。使用0．5mol／L盐酸以及0．05mol／L EDTA清洗被污染的膜效果最明显，可迅速有效地将附着在中空纤维膜上的无机污染物去除，使膜渗透通量得到基本恢复。     

4nm孔径陶瓷膜去除水中钙离子研究

采用孔径为4 nm的陶瓷膜去除水中的Ca2+,考察了不同Ca2+含量、跨膜压差、溶液pH和温度对陶瓷膜渗透通量和Ca2+截留率随时间的变化情况。结果表明,溶液中的Ca2+含量越低,膜渗透通量越高,Ca2+截留率也越高;跨膜压差升高,膜渗透通量增大,Ca2+截留率降低;降低溶液pH及升高温度能够提高膜渗透通量及对Ca2+的截留率。对Ca2+的质量浓度为10 mg/L的水溶液,在TMP为0.1 MPa、溶液pH为3、温度为50℃时、孔径为4 nm陶瓷膜渗透通量稳定在80 L/(m2.h),Ca2+截留率为85%左右。研究结果可为金属离子微污染水的净化提供方法。     

曝氧-气提工艺用于提高污水配制注聚物溶液黏度的研究

采用实验室曝氧-气提装置进行提高污水配制注聚物溶液黏度的实验研究,通过实验可以得出,曝氧—气提工艺可以去除油田污水中的硫化物、亚铁离子、细菌(SRB)和COD等还原性物质,提高并保持注聚物溶液的黏度。在曝氧空气通量为5.0 L/min,曝氧时间为40 min和气提氮气通量为5.0 L/min,气提时间为20 min时,可以将污水配制注聚物溶液的黏度提高到20 mPa.s以上,将污水中的含氧量降低到0.1 mg/L以下,达到提高并保持污水配制注聚物溶液黏度的目的。     

浅谈超滤法处理钢铁企业冷轧厂乳化液废水

简述了超滤膜技术在冷轧厂含油及乳化液废水处理方面的典型应用.并详细论述了超滤膜工艺的特点、超滤膜材质、超滤膜配置、去除机理、超滤膜工艺的典型操作模式、超滤膜法处理含油废水及乳化液废水的优缺北点、以及其处理效果等.实践证明:采用超滤法处理冷轧厂含油废水及乳化液废水,能达到污水净化的目标.     

Combined Adsorption and Ultrafiltration Processes Employed for the Removal of Pollutants from Metal Plating Wastewater

This work investigated the use of combined sorption and ultrafiltration (UF) processes for the treatment of electroplating wastewater. The combined vermiculite – UF and bentonite – UF treatment schemes were assessed for their ability to remove nickel, zinc, organic, matter, and color. UF significantly reduced nickel and zinc concentration from wastewater at alkaline environment with removal efficiencies higher than 89% at pH ≥ 8 for both metals. Mineral addition increased metal removal efficiency to higher values (> 97% at pH ≥ 8). The presence of organic compounds and cations in wastewater limited the adsorption efficiency of minerals. Binary metal solutions suppressed the adsorption process for both nickel and zinc. The adsorption of metals on minerals was a multi-stage process where intraparticle diffusion was not the only rate limiting step. Isotherm examination showed that the best fit to the experimental data was obtained by the Langmuir model, and the three parameter models of Redlich-Peterson, Toth, and Sips converged to the Langmuir model. UF combined with minerals resulted in significant removal of organics and color. Furthermore, UF of wastewater resulted in limited membrane fouling.     

洗涤污水超滤紫外消毒处理循环利用试验研究

采用超滤紫外消毒工艺处理洗涤污水,以衣物白度和卫生学指标作为评价标准,考察该工艺的处理效果及循环利用的可行性。试验结果表明,采用截留相对分子质量为50 000的超滤膜能够有效去除水中的浊度、悬浮物、油脂等污染物,但对细菌、大肠菌群的去除率较低。相关性分析表明,超滤出水较高COD值是由水中剩余的阴离子表面活性剂(LAS)引起。游离LAS分子大小远低于超滤膜孔径,保留在渗透液中,被循环洗涤有效利用。超滤出水通过进一步紫外线消毒,当消毒剂量大于3 750 J/m2时,处理水的大肠菌群和细菌总数达到了我国饮用水水质标准,水质满足循环利用洗涤衣物的要求,长期洗涤对衣物的白度无不良影响。超滤膜在水力反冲洗条件30 m in反冲洗2 m in时,膜的渗透通量和净产水量较高。采用pH值为11—13的碱液化学清洗,膜通量能够完全恢复。     

Digital textile printing (DTP) wastewater treatment using ozone and membrane filtration

Digital textile printing (DTP) is considered as an environmentally benign process because its wastewater production is relatively small compared with the conventional textile printing system. DTP is usually practiced at building office in an urban area rather than in a textile industrial complex, so that process development for on-site treatment of the DTP wastewater is currently needed. The aim of this study was to propose a DTP wastewater treatment system suitable for operation in building and to verify if the proposed system has a rationale treatment system should be compact and reliable because it should be installed near the DTP system. Thus, a hybrid system consisting of ozone, ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) was proposed for treatment of DTP wastewater. Prior to UF and RO, ozone was introduced to the DTP wastewater to reduce organic loadings to membrane filtration as well as to treat the concentrates recycled from UF and RO. When ozone was injected with C-T value of 255 g·s/L, the removal efficiency of COD and color was 63 and 81%, respectively. Ozonation of the DTP wastewater led to aggregation of colloidal particles, so that the cake resistance (R_c) calculated after ozone and UF was lower than that of the control (= without ozonation), suggesting that pre-ozonation is beneficial to not only flux enhancement but also to good permeate water quality. Further treatment of UF permeates using RO was carried out since the UF permeates was not enough for direct discharge or reuse. Final effluents through the whole process of ozonation, UF and RO met the criteria of direct discharge and reuse, suggesting that the proposed hybrid system could be used for DTP wastewater treatment satisfactorily.     

UF,NF处理酵母废水可行性研究

采用ＵＦ或ＮＦ技术可以处理酵母生产中不同阶段高浓度有机物的废水，废水经ＵＦ膜处理可１００％回收酵母蛋白等成份，对色度浊度具有〉９０％的去除率，从浓缩液中回收的酵母蛋白等成份，经进一步浓缩干燥可作动物饲料添加剂，干燥物蛋白质含量〉３０％，膜透过液含有发酵过程所需的营养成分，可重新用于发酵生产用水。废水用ＮＦ膜处理对ＣＯＤ去除率〉９０％并接近或达到排放标准，对于直接从发酵液中经高速离心分离的酵母废水（     

Evaluation of the Efficiency of a Combined Adsorption–Ultrafiltration System for the Removal of Heavy Metals,Color, and Organic Matter from Textile Wastewater

In this work an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane system was investigated for the treatment of textile wastewater. UF membranes were assisted by activated sludge and minerals, which were employed as sorbents, to remove Cu(II), Pb(II), Zn(II), Ni(II), color, and organics. Significant variations were observed in metal removal efficiencies among the textile wastewater samples of different origin, even at the same pH (= 6) due to the presence of different compounds in wastewater. At the examined pH range (5.63–9.21), the dominant mechanism for copper and lead removal was the formation of insoluble metals due to precipitation and complexation of metal ions with wastewater compounds, including adsorption of metals on suspended solids and colloidal matter. The adsorption process of metals on minerals and activated sludge was the dominant process for nickel and zinc removal at low pH, while precipitation/complexation prevailed at higher pH. The examined adsorption-UF system could produce a treated effluent having low metal concentrations that could be safely discharged into municipal sewers. COD removal ranged from 76%–92% for the five textile wastewater samples. The color removal accomplished was significant (45%–70%), and depended on the type of dye.     

Application of O3 and O3/H2O2 as post-treatment processes for color removal in swine wastewater from a membrane filtration system

This study was aimed to evaluate the use of ozone (O₃) alone and peroxone (a combination of ozone and hydrogen peroxide; O₃/H₂O₂) as post-treatment processes for color removal in swine wastewater from a membrane filtration system. Results showed that the application of ozone-alone process or the peroxone process could reduce both capital and operating costs compared to reverse osmosis (RO) treatment. Of the two oxidation processes, the ozone-alone process was the most effective for treating nanofiltration (NF)-filtered wastewater, while the peroxone process was the most effective for treating ultrafiltration (UF)-filtered wastewater.     

生物电化学脱氮系统构建和影响因素的最新研究进展

生物电化学脱氮技术是一种以电化学活性细菌作为催化剂的污水处理技术，因其绿色、环保、节能的特点而备受关注。本文介绍了不同脱氮技术的机理，从脱氮性能、成本、二次污染大小和污染物转化率等角度对现有脱氮技术进行评价，指出了生物电化学脱氮技术的优势和应用前景；重点综述反应器运行参数、溶液组分、脱氮生物膜的培养方式、生物电化学脱氮系统内菌种构成等因素对生物电化学脱氮系统的影响，并提出了优化脱氮系统的方法；同时总结了生物电化学脱氮技术在处理屠宰场废水、焦化废水和含高氯酸盐废水等方面的应用现状。研究表明：从脱氮系统内不同微生物的角度，尤其是电活性微生物角度探究生物电化学脱氮过程的机理，调控脱氮生物膜的形成和改变脱氮系统运行参数，是改进生物电化学脱氮技术的有效途径。     

超滤组合工艺深度处理城市污水研究

考察了4种超滤组合工艺(精滤-超滤、精滤-活性炭-超滤、精滤-活性炭-精滤-超滤和混凝沉淀-超滤)对城市污水的深度处理效果.结果表明,4种超滤组合工艺对浊度的去除率都很高,最高达92.2%,均能保证出水浊度低于1 NTU,说明超滤膜对浊度的去除效果很好;4种超滤组合工艺对有机物的去除率比较高,其中精滤-活性炭-精滤-超滤对有机物的去除效果最好;超滤膜对TN和NH_3-N的去除率比较低;4种超滤组合工艺的初始膜通量不同,精滤-活性炭-精滤工艺出水通量下降较快.     

胶团强化超滤对二氯乙烷的分离作用及浓缩液后处理

本文利用聚丙烯腈中空纤维膜组件,根据胶团强化超滤法,以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）为增溶剂,对模拟聚乙烯生产废水中的1,2-二氯乙烷（DCE）进行分离实验。确定了最佳表面活性剂投加量、超滤操作条件及浓缩液后处理方法,并得到较高的DCE去除率。