Al(Ⅲ)改性胶原蛋白絮凝材料的结构表征及对废弃钻井液絮凝的研究

利用鞣制化学中铝鞣机理,将Al(Ⅲ)络合在明胶水解得到的胶原蛋白分子上,制备Al(Ⅲ)改性胶原蛋白絮凝材料,利用XRD、荧光光谱和XPS对产物结构及作用机理进行表征与分析。将所制备的絮凝剂用于油田废弃钻井液的絮凝,以其CODCr去除率和悬浮物含量为指标,考察了絮凝条件对废弃钻井液处理效果的影响。结果表明胶原蛋白分子与Al(Ⅲ)间发生了配位反应,制备出了Al(Ⅲ)改性胶原蛋白絮凝剂。其用于废弃钻井液絮凝时,用量为20.7g/L,pH值为6～9,温度为20～40℃。絮凝后,废弃钻井液CODCr去除率达80.1%,悬浮物含量从初始的2115mg/L降至190mg/L,絮凝效果明显。     

纸箱厂工业废水资源再生和循环利用研究

本文介绍了涡凹气浮/生物接触氧化工艺,对纸箱生产废水处理、再生和循环利用紧密结合进行研究,取得的良好的效果。该工艺在生化反应前增加物化处理手段,不仅简化了生化处理流程,而且提高了生化效率,可使进水COD从1301mg/L降至61.5mg/L,平均去除率达95.5%;SS从540mg/L降至37.3mg/L,平均去除率达93.1%;色度从157倍降至23倍,平均去除率达85.3%;石油类从12.5mg/L降至0.88mg/L,平均去除率达93%。     

竹炭固相萃取恒波长同步荧光法快速测定九龙江水样中的多环芳烃

建立了竹炭固相萃取-恒波长同步荧光法检测九龙江水样中多环芳烃(PAHs)。通过实验综合分析,选定正己烷为洗脱溶剂,洗脱溶剂体积为10m L,上样速率为5 m L/min,上样体积为555m L。采用恒波长同步荧光法对多环芳烃进行定性定量,相关系数r0.99901,检出限在0.0080-0.90 ng·m L-1,相对标准偏差为1.22%-4.20%。此方法应用于测定了龙岩市省控断面九龙江水体中的多环芳烃(PAHs)。水样的加标回收率在98.9%-110.4%该分析方法简便、快速,适用于水体中多环芳烃的分析检测。     

Al含量对Al-Fe-Si/Al原位复合材料的影响

采用粉末冶金瞬时液相烧结法制备Al-Fe-Si/Al原位复合材料。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)以及M-2000型磨损试验机研究Al含量对原位复合材料的微观结构、硬度和耐磨性的影响。结果表明:随着Al含量的增加,粗大FeAl相消失,针状的金属间化合物增强体Al0.5FeSi0.5长大成短棒状。当Al质量分数为77%时,细小的短棒状Al0.5FeSi0.5增强相弥散分布在基体中,复合材料硬度HV具有最高值283.7,其硬度约是纯铝的8倍,铝硅合金的2.5倍;复合材料的耐磨性约为纯铝的6.6倍,铝硅合金的4.5倍;耐磨性能最佳,磨损率为0.3781%,磨损机制为磨粒磨损。     

超高效液相色谱法同时测定水体中的阿特拉津、甲萘威和马拉硫磷

本文通过实验建立了液液萃取超高效液相色谱法,同时测定水体中的阿特拉津、甲萘威和马拉硫磷的方法,用二氯甲烷萃取水体中的阿特拉津、甲萘威和马拉硫磷,浓缩定容后以V(甲醇):V(水)=6:4为流动相,通过具有紫外检测器的超高效液相色谱仪在220nm波长下进行测定。阿特拉津、甲萘威和马拉硫磷的检出限分别为8.0×10-6 mg/L、9.0×10-6 mg/L和5.0×10-4 mg/L,线性相关系数r≥0.9999,相对标准偏差小于5%。研究表明,该方法快速、准确、重现性好,检出限低。方法的精密度、准确度和检出限适合于环境水体中阿特拉津、甲萘威和马拉硫磷的同时测定。同时,对遂宁市地表水体中阿特拉津、甲萘威和马拉硫磷的残留现状进行了监测和综合分析。     

膜净化技术在聚合物调驱中的应用

水质对聚合物深部调驱影响较大,红山嘴油田红18井区调驱系统水体Ca2+/Mg2+:670mg/L、Fe2+:5.8～67.2mg/L、悬浮物:14.6～125.3mg/L、SRB 6.0×102～2.5×105个/mL,均大大超标.调驱现场聚合物不能成胶,严重影响调驱效果.研究表明,应用膜滤装置处理调驱现场0034井配聚水,精滤出水除去悬浮物94.6%、SRB 98.7%;超滤进一步除去全部残余的悬浮物和细菌;纳滤脱除32.4%的NaCl和90.54%的钙镁等二价离子.水体经过超滤、纳滤净化后配制的聚合物在黏度、稳定性等方面均有大幅度提高,完全满足聚合物调驱要求.纳滤效果最优,现场工业化应用纳滤水配聚调驱,聚合物和交联剂分别降低了13.3%和10%,在保障调驱效果的同时还具有一定经济效益.     

茶叶中维生素C的荧光测定法

目的建立荧光分光光度法测定茶叶中维生素C的含量。方法茶叶经草酸提取,活性炭氧化后,与邻苯二胺反应,在激发波长355nm,发射波长425nm测定荧光强度。结果维生素C在2-20mg/L浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9996。平均回收率为99.5%。结论采用荧光法测定茶叶中维生素C含量,具有准确、简便、快速、灵敏等优点。     

介孔硅改性聚醚砜纳滤膜对水中挥发性有机污染物的去除性能研究

甲醛、苯酚和三氯乙醛是3种主要的水中挥发性有机污染物,对环境造成了极大的危害。采用相转化法介孔硅改性聚醚砜(PES),制得介孔硅改性PES纳滤膜,探究反应时间和pH对介孔硅改性PES纳滤膜降解水中甲醛、苯酚和三氯乙醛的效果。研究结果表明:介孔硅改性PES纳滤膜最佳反应时间为10min,溶液pH=11条件下,分别对水体中3.0mg/L甲醛、10.0mg/L苯酚和2.0mg/L三氯乙醛进行降解,降解率分别达到55.5%、42.5%和67.7%。为水体中挥发性有机物甲醛、苯酚和三氯乙醛的去除提供了可行的途径。     

离子色谱法测定空气中的氮氧化物和氯化氢含量

阐述了离子色谱法测定空气和废气中氮氧化物、氯化氢的含量的方法与步骤。测定结果显示,氮氧化物和氯化氢的检测限分别为0.08mg/L、0.02mg/L,该方法的回收率分别为96.5%～102.1%,98.5%～103.7%,线性范围分别为0.00-l00mg/L,0.00-100mg/L,是一种简单、快速、可靠测定空气和废气中氮氧化物、氯化氢含量的好方法。     

Mg/Al水滑石对腐殖酸的去除性能研究

采用共沉淀法制备了 Mg/Al 水滑石,并在不同温度下煅烧。探究了煅烧温度、材料投加量、pH 值、腐殖酸初始浓度对水滑石去除腐殖酸的影响。结果表明,当金属物质的量比为3的 Mg/Al 水滑石投加量为0.5 g/L, pH 值为8.5,温度为25℃时,水滑石对10 mg/L 的腐殖酸的去除率能达到96.64%,此时,水滑石的饱和吸附量为19.33 mg/g。Mg/Al 水滑石经3次再生后,对腐殖酸的去除率仍然高达95%以上,表明 Mg/Al 水滑石的可重用性好。     

Phosphorus removal performance of acid mine drainage from wastewater

Acid mine drainage (AMD) in Yunfu iron sulfide mine contain Fe(2+), Fe(3+), and Al(3+) up to 8000, 1700 and 1200 mg/L, respectively. Phosphorus removal from synthetic wastewater with 10mg/L of total phosphorus (TP) concentration and second municipal effluent with 3.5-4.0mg/L of TP concentration were conducted with the AMD by jar tests. Dosage of the AMD and initial pH of water are the two most important parameters affecting the performance of phosphorus removal of the AMD. The optimal phosphorus removal efficiency and residual iron ions (TFe) concentration are 97.0% and 3.0mg/L, respectively, at 1.61 Fe/P molar ratio and pH 8.03 for synthetic wastewater, and 92.1% and 0.32 mg/L, respectively, for second municipal effluent at 1.41 Fe/P molar ratio and pH 7.3. Resultant heavy metal concentration in effluents and precipitate was very low, and the risk of resultant heavy metal contamination was very small. The phosphorus removal performance of the AMD was much similar to that of ferric sulfate (FS) and polyferric sulfate (PFS), and better than that of FeSO(4). And residual TFe concentration in treated water arising from utilization of the AMD was similar to that of FeSO(4), and higher than that of FS and PFS. The AMD could be used as coagulant for phosphorus removal from wastewater directly due to the presence of Fe(2+), Fe(3+), and Al(3+) largely.     

Effect of OH-/Al3+ and Si/Al molar ratios on the coagulation performance and residual Al speciation during surface water treatment with poly-aluminum-silicate-chloride (PASiC)

Coagulation performance, mechanism of poly-aluminum-silicate-chloride (PASiC) and residual Al speciation in the effluent with respect to a specific surface water treatment in China were comprehensively investigated in this study. The impact of OH(-)/Al(3+) and Si/Al molar ratios on the coagulation performance, mechanism and residual Al speciation of PASiC in surface water treatment was discussed as a function of coagulant dosage. It was intended to provide an insight into the relationship between coagulation performance and residual Al. Experimental results revealed that when OH(-)/Al(3+) molar ratio = 2.00 and Si/Al molar ratio = 0.0500 in PASiC coagulant, PASiC exhibited beneficial coagulation property and relatively lower content of residual Al. Surface bridging and entrapment was more effective compared with charge neutralization during the specific surface water treatment. The majority of residual Al in the effluent existed in the form of insoluble suspended or particulate Al. Dissolved organically bound Al was almost the major speciation in dissolved Al and dissolved inorganically bound monomeric Al was the only component in dissolved monomeric Al. Al in PASiC remained abundant at lower dosages and residual Al concentration could be effectively reduced at the dosages of 12.0-15.0mg/L as Al.     

An approach to prepare uniform graphene oxide/aluminum composite powders by simple electrostatic interaction in water/alcohol solution

The homogenous dispersion of graphene in Al powders is a key challenge that limits the development of graphene-reinforced metal matrix composites with high performance. Here, uniform distribution of graphene oxide (GO) coated on flake Al powders were obtained by a simply stirring and ultrasonic treatment in the water/alcohol solution. The effect of water volume content on the formation of GO/Al composite powders was investigated. The results showed that GO adsorbed with synchronous reduction on the surface of Al powders, but when the water content was higher than 80% in the solution, Al powders were totally changed into Al(OH)₃. With optimizing the water content of 60% in the solution, reduced GO was homogenously coated onto the surface of flake Al powders. The formation mechanism can be ascribed to the balance control between the liquid/solid interaction and the hydrolysis reaction.     

Assessing the utility of testing aluminum levels in dialysis patients

Plasma aluminum (Al) is routinely tested in many dialysis patients. Aluminum exposure may lead to acute toxicity and levels in excess of ∼2.2 μmol/L (60 μg/L) should be avoided. Historically, toxicity has been caused by excessive dialyzate Al but modern reverse osmosis (RO) water should be Al free. Nevertheless, many units continue to perform routine Al levels on dialysis patients. This single‐center study retrospectively analyzed Al levels in plasma, raw water feed, and RO product between 2010 and 2013 using our database (Nephworks 6) with the aim of determining the utility of these measurements. Two thousand fifty‐eight plasma Al tests in 755 patients (61.9% male, mean age 64.7 years) were reviewed showing mean ± SD of 0.41 ± 0.30 μmol/L. One hundred eleven (5.4%) tests from 61 patients had Al levels >0.74 μmol/L and 45 (73.8%) of these patients were or had been prescribed Al hydroxide (Al(OH)₃) as a phosphate binder. Seven patients had Al concentrations >2.2 μmol/L with no source of Al identified in 1 patient. One hundred sixty‐six patients taking Al(OH)₃ (78.7% of all patients on Al(OH)₃) had levels ≤0.74 μmol/L, the odds ratio of plasma Al > 0.74 μmol/L on Al(OH)₃ was 9. The cost of plasma Al assay is $A30.60; thus, costs were $A62,974.80 over the study period. Despite RO feed water Al levels as high as 48 μmol/L, Al output from the RO was almost always undetectable (<0.1 μmol/L) with dialyzate Al levels > 2.2 μmol/L only 3 times since 2010, and never in the last 3 years. Routine unselected testing of plasma Al appears unnecessary and expensive and more selective testing in dialysis patients should be considered.     

磁性氨基酸功能化海藻酸铝凝胶聚合物的制备及对偶氮染料的超强吸附

以海藻酸钠为原料,采用液滴聚合法将其与Al(Ⅲ)离子交联并引入甘氨酸和Fe₃O₄,制备出磁性氨基酸功能化海藻酸铝凝胶聚合物(Gly/Al/SA@Fe₃O₄),使用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)等手段对其表征,研究了这种凝胶聚合物对偶氮染料的吸附性能。结果表明,Gly/Al/SA@Fe₃O₄是一种表面具有花式褶皱结构的三维网状聚合物颗粒,其磁响应能力良好。Gly/Al/SA@Fe₃O₄对水体中直接黑19(DB 19)和直接棕2(DB 2)染料的吸附性能超强,吸附速率极高,吸附15 min和60 min达到动态平衡的吸附量分别为2500和3126 mg/L。吸附过程可用拟二级速率方程描述,等温吸附数据符合Langmuir模型。吸附剂与染料分子间的相互作用通过静电吸附、氢键作用、配体交换和化学吸附协同实现。Gly/Al/SA@Fe₃O₄颗粒绿色环保,对高浓度偶氮染料废水有超强的净水性能,并可用磁场进行快速固液分离。     

Recovery of gallium and vanadium from gasification fly ash

The Puertollano Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) Power Plant (Spain) fly ash is characterized by a relatively high content of Ga and V, which occurs mainly as Ga2O3 and as Ga3+ and V3+ substituting for Al3+ in the Al-Si fly ash glass matrix. Investigations focused on evaluating the potential recovery of Ga and V from these fly ashes. Several NaOH based extraction tests were performed on the IGCC fly ash, at different temperatures, NaOH/fly ash (NaOH/FA) ratios, NaOH concentrations and extraction times. The optimal Ga extraction conditions was determined as 25 degrees C, NaOH 0.7-1 M, NaOH/FA ratio of 5 L/kg and 6 h, attaining Ga extraction yields of 60-86%, equivalent to 197-275 mg of Ga/kg of fly ash. Re-circulation of leachates increased initial Ga concentrations (25-38 mg/L) to 188-215 mg/L, while reducing both content of impurities and NaOH consumption. Carbonation of concentrated Ga leachate demonstrated that 99% of the bulk Ga content in the leachate precipitates at pH 7.4. At pH 10.5 significant proportions of impurities, mainly Al (91%), co-precipitate while >98% of the bulk Ga remains in solution. A second carbonation of the remaining solution (at pH 7.5) recovers the 98.8% of the bulk Ga. Re-dissolution (at pH 0) of the precipitate increases Ga purity from 7 to 30%, this being a suitable Ga end product for further purification by electrolysis. This method produces higher recovery efficiency than currently applied for Ga on an industrial scale. In contrast, low V extraction yields (<64%) were obtained even when using extreme alkaline extraction conditions, which given the current marked price of this element, limits considerably the feasibility of V recovery from IGCC fly ash.     

渗铝铌合金微弧氧化的电解液优化及膜层抗氧化性

为了提高铌合金的抗高温氧化性能,先对铌合金C103进行包埋渗铝处理,再进行微弧氧化(MAO)处理获得Al2O_3陶瓷膜。对涂层的形貌、硬度、成分及高温氧化增重进行分析,通过单因素法优选了微弧氧化电解液配方。采用最佳电解液配方制备复合涂层(MAO/Al/C103),并与仅经包埋渗铝制备的涂层(Al/C103)进行对比分析,研究了复合涂层的抗高温氧化性能。结果表明:根据MAO膜层的硬度和厚度,获得微弧氧化的最佳电解液配方为10.0 g/L NaAlO_2+5.0 g/L NaOH+7.0 g/L Na_2WO_4+5.0 g/L NaF+2.5 g/L Na_2EDTA;在1 100℃高温氧化下,MAO/Al/C103试样氧化10 h的增重为5.5 mg/cm~2,小于Al/C103试样的9.4 mg/cm~2,表现出更好的抗氧化性。     

一阶导数极谱法测定红树秋茄色素中总黄酮含量

在pH9.18硼砂底液中,以芦丁作对照品,在峰电位Ep-1.610V(vs·SCE)处产生一灵敏的一阶导数极谱波,该极谱波的峰电流(ip)与芦丁浓度在0.06～1.2mg/L范围内呈良好的直线关系,检出限为0.023mg/L。用本方法测得红树秋茄色素中总黄酮含量为1.98%,操作简便,干扰少,结果可靠。