河流中低淹没度下刚性沉水植被阻力系数改进研究

准确评估植被阻力对预测植被影响下的河流流速分布具有重要意义。采用已有研究数据,验证了6种挺水植被阻力系数公式在刚性沉水植被流计算中的适用性,并在已有研究基础上考虑淹没度影响,针对低淹没度情形,提出了改进的阻力系数公式。结果表明,各公式平均计算精度接近,计算流速与实测流速相对误差均在10.20%～15.19%之间;改进阻力系数公式计算精度良好,公式计算流速与实测流速相对误差为3.40%,可用于植被层流速估算,适用范围为淹没度1v<2且固体体积分数0相似文献   

植被覆盖度对坡面水流的影响分析

为分析植被覆盖度对坡面水流的影响,采用人工植被覆盖在有机玻璃水槽上模拟坡面水流,以水力学理论为依据,通过改变植被覆盖度讨论其对于坡面水流的影响。结果表明,整体上坡面流速随植被覆盖度的增加而减小,可将植被覆盖度设为10%~30%,以减小坡面流速;平均阻力系数及糙率随植被覆盖率的增加而增加。     

明渠水流淹没植被阻力系数计算公式研究

阻力系数是评估明渠水流过流能力的一个重要参数,而对于含植被明渠水流运动,水流结构和流速分布特性较为复杂,传统的明渠水力学公式不再适用.采用经典Darcy-Weisbach方程,通过对含植被河道阻力系数理论分析,识别出影响阻力系数的关键因子为植被淹没度和无量纲化阻力长度,进而基于广泛搜集的水槽试验数据,利用最大差异性算法...     

植被弯曲形态对水流的阻力效应研究

植被化生态河道的阻力特性是环境水力学的研究热点之一。为探寻柔性植被不同弯曲倾角下的阻力特性,利用圆柱铝棒进行弯曲模拟柔性植被,并采用测力装置,对不同倾角状态下圆柱铝棒及流速范围开展室内水槽试验,首先研究直立圆柱铝棒阻力与流速之间的关系,得到的拖曳力系数C_d符合已有研究,同时验证了测力装置的可靠性;随后开展不同倾角下的植被阻力试验,得到Vogel数随着倾角的减小呈逐渐降低最后突增的趋势。当植被弯曲时,已有的刚性直立植被丛模型不再适用,通过引入与倾角相关参数C_θ对模型进行修正,显著提高了模拟精准度。研究结果可为生态植被化河道水力学精准模拟提供技术支撑。     

三江平原植被覆盖度对气候和土地利用变化的响应

为探讨三江平原植被覆盖度对气候变化和土地利用变化的响应特征,利用像元二分模型将2000~2014年逐月MODIS卫星遥感影像(NDVI)数据转换为相应的植被覆盖度数据,结合同期气象数据及2000、2005、2014年三期土地利用数据,借助ARCGIS工具,在土地利用未发生变化区域,采用偏相关分析和逐步回归分析方法,分析了气候变化对植被覆盖度的影响,并通过统计分析和矩阵运算,对不同土地利用类型转化方式下植被覆盖度的响应变化进行了量化。结果表明,三江平原植被长势整体较好,多年平均最大植被覆盖度为0.89;植被覆盖度与气温存在极显著的相关关系(P0.01),较降水而言,气温是影响植被覆盖度的主导因子,其中7月份的温度对植被覆盖度的影响最大;不同土地利用类型间存在明显的相互转化,导致相应区域植被覆盖度发生变化。     

基于ERDAS的辽河干流中下游植被覆盖度监测研究

为分析辽河保护区成立后辽河干流中下游植被覆盖度变化情况,采集辽河干流两景同期遥感影像数据,利用ERDAS IMAGINE软件处理分析,通过提取归一化植被指数,建立像元二分模型计算出该地区植被覆盖度,并使用ISODATA算法对植被覆盖度进行非监督分类。结果表明,植被覆盖度小于30%的低覆盖面积减少了878.97km2,植被覆盖度为30%~70%的中高覆盖面积增加了883.22km2,说明辽河干流中下游河岸带植被正在持续恢复,植被覆盖度显著提高。     

河道滞水区植被影响下的水流特性试验研究

为模拟存在滞水区的河道内水流运动开展了水槽试验,采用粒子图像测速仪(PIV)测得不同雷诺数下无植被滞水区、不同密度刚性非淹没植被滞水区的流场,分析了滞水区内的环流结构及横断面上流速分布规律。结果表明,植被对滞水区的水流结构有较大影响,植被密度较大时,滞水区中无环流结构,横断面上流速符合双曲正切函数分布;无植被及植被密度较小时,滞水区中有明显环流结构,横断面上仅剪切层部分区域流速符合双曲正切函数分布。对滞水区内部流速采用线性分布公式拟合,说明植被密度较大时,雷诺应力是主导切应力,滞水区横断面上力的平衡机理与充分发展的剪切层一致;无植被及植被密度较小时,空间脉动产生的分散应力及二次环流产生的影响增大,致使滞水区内部流速分布发生改变。     

半干旱地区矿区废弃地植被演化规律研究

调查国内外矿区复垦的概况,根据我国国情及矿区开采现状提出矿区废弃地治理的必要性,对阜新矿区废弃地破坏状况进行分析,并按停止排矸年限对立地类型进行划分。在矿区废弃地植被生长状况调查与分析的基础上,研究各立地类型的植被分布规律。通过对矿区废弃地植被演替规律的研究,确定出各立地类型的复垦植被类型。     

浅水数学模型在植被影响河道水流运动中的应用

以植被水流为例,基于Godunov型有限体积方法开发了模拟浅水植被水流的二维数学模型,并采用水槽试验对建立的植被水流数学模型进行验证,发现计算结果与试验数据吻合较好。在此基础上,研究了植被对河道水流运动的影响。结果表明,植被的存在改变了水流运动结构,增加了河床阻力,植被区流速减小,非植被区流速增加。     

淹没植被群周围泥沙冲淤特性研究

受自然条件影响和上下游来输沙限制,河道中被淹没植被群周围床面一般呈两侧冲刷、尾部淤积的状态。通过水槽试验模拟分析了河道中植被群周围地形变化特征,研究了不同淹没度下植被群周围泥沙冲淤机理。结果表明,植被群高度不影响其内部与两侧侵蚀变化过程,但较高植被群加速了冲刷速率,促使两侧侵蚀区域向植被群后方延伸;同时在上游无来沙条件下,植被群高度的增大有效抑制了尾流区泥沙沉积。     

洞庭湖流速垂向分布特性

根据洞庭湖不同测点的野外实测数据,结合测点的环境状况(有无水生植被),分析洞庭湖不同位置的流速垂向分布规律,发现底部无水生植物影响的主湖区与航道中心时均流速分布呈"J"形,采用对数律对流速剖面进行拟合,相关系数在0.95以上;在有水生植物分布的洲滩,时均流速的垂向分布偏离"J"形,具有明显的3层结构,且冠顶以上水流时均流速垂向分布满足对数律;受淹没水生植物影响,冠层内部的时均流速及切应力减小,有利于泥沙的沉积。     

Study on local resistance of non-Newtonian power law fluid in elbow pipes

This paper focuses on the flow characteristic and local resistance of non-Newtonian power law fluid in a curved90° bend pipe with circular cross-sections,which are widely used in industrial applications.By employing numerical simulation and theoretical analysis the properties of the flow and local resistance of power law fluid under different working conditions are obtained.To explore the change rule the experiment is carried out by changing the Reynolds number,the wall roughness and different diameter ratio of elbow pipe.The variation of the local resistance coefficient with the Reynolds number,the diameter ratio and the wall roughness is presented comprehensively in the paper.The results show that the local resistance force coefficient hardly changes with Reynolds number of the power law fluid;the wall roughness has a significant impact on the local resistance coefficient.As the pipe wall roughness increasing,the coefficient of local resistance force will increase.The main reason of the influence of the roughness on the local resistance coefficient is the increase of the eddy current region in the power law fluid flow,which increases the kinetic energy dissipation of the main flow.This paper provides theoretical and numerical methods to understand the local resistance property of non-Newtonian power law fluid in elbow pipes.     

Study of liquid oxygen and hydrogen diffusive flow past a sphere with rough surface

The impact of roughness on nonlinear mixed convective nanofluid flow past a sphere is analysed in the presence of nonlinear density variations. This study is found to be innovative as it investigates the effects of nanoparticles, nonlinearity and surface roughness on mixed convective flow past a sphere with three diffusive components. The problem is modelled in the form of nonlinear partial differential equations that are dimensional in nature. This set of equations is transformed to dimensionless form by applying non-similar transformations. The technique of Quasilinearization is employed to linearize the transformed set of equations and then the implicit finite difference scheme is used for further simulation to get the required numerical solutions. The graphical presentation of numerical results exhibit that the friction, heat, mass and nanoparticles mass transfer rates at the surface of sphere increase along with the fluid's velocity due to the roughness of the surface, while the fluid's temperature reduces, significantly. The steep jump in the fluid's velocity near the wall is observed due to the surface roughness. The present analysis reveals that separation of boundary layer can be delayed with the proper selection of roughness and mixed convection parameters. Also, the third diffusing component, namely, liquid oxygen influences the fluid flow significantly. That is, the introduction of liquid oxygen diffusion into the liquid hydrogen diffusion diminishes the species concentration boundary layer, while it increases the corresponding mass transfer rate.     

植被群落作用下河道水流紊动能分布

植被广泛存在于自然河道中,对河流水流特性产生一定影响。利用交错排列的竹签模拟非淹没的刚性植被群落,通过水槽试验,探讨了单个植被群落对水流紊动能分布的影响。结果表明:纵向、横向和垂向三个方向的紊动能分布受到植被群落不同程度的影响,尤其是纵向上紊动能分布在植被群落下游变化较大,呈现两个峰值;植被群落下游靠近植被群落处,横向上紊动能分布为水槽中心附近最大,向两侧逐渐减小,在水槽中心紊动能沿垂向均显著增加。     

Effects of surface roughness on mixed convection nanoliquid flow over slender cylinder with liquid hydrogen diffusion

The influence of surface roughness on boundary layer flow characteristics over moving surfaces is of considerable research interest in recent times. In the present study, the effects of surface roughness on flow over moving slender cylinder are analyzed in presence of mixed convection nanoliquid boundary layer flow. The problem is modelled in terms of highly nonlinear dimensional partial differential equations, which are written in non-dimensional form with the help of non-similar transformations. The resulting equations are reduced to linear partial differential equations by utilizing Quasilinearization technique, which are discretized using implicit finite difference scheme. The results obtained during the numerical simulation are then depicted through graphs in terms of various profiles and gradients and are analyzed with proper physical explanations. The roughness of slender cylinder surface is represented in a deterministic model as a sine wave form and yields sinusoidal variations in the values of skin-friction coefficient, wall heat and mass transfer rates. It is observed that the surface roughness effects are more prominent away from the orifice. The local frequency of gradients increases (i.e. wavelength decreases) with the increase in the frequency of surface roughness (n). The addition of nanoparticles into the ordinary fluid enhances the skin-friction coefficient and wall mass transfer rate. However, due to its effects, significant reduction is observed in the wall heat transfer rate. The phase difference of gradient oscillations arising in presence of nanoparticles is suppressed further away from the origin due to surface roughness. Interestingly, the amplitude of gradient oscillations remain higher in case of nanoliquid in comparison with that in case of ordinary fluid. Furthermore, the magnitude of wall mass transfer rate of liquid hydrogen is higher than that of nanoparticle wall mass transfer rate, which signifies the higher diffusivity of nanoparticles. The results of present study are of practical relevance to industrial applications such as polymer fibre coating and coating of wires.     

植被群落作用下河道水流紊动能分布

植被广泛存在于自然河道中,对河流水流特性产生一定影响。利用交错排列的竹签模拟非淹没的刚性植被群落,通过水槽试验,探讨了单个植被群落对水流紊动能分布的影响。结果表明：纵向、横向和垂向三个方向的紊动能分布受到植被群落不同程度的影响,尤其是纵向上紊动能分布在植被群落下游变化较大,呈现两个峰值;植被群落下游靠近植被群落处,横向上紊动能分布为水槽中心附近最大,向两侧逐渐减小,在水槽中心紊动能沿垂向均显著增加。     

Effects of surface roughness of capillary wall on the profile of thin liquid film and evaporation heat transfer

horoductiouInveshgation on heat tI'ansfer meehanism ofcaPillny is the basis of designing Iniero and highefficiency evaPOratO. Some investigatOrs modeled thesitUations of smooth wall[1x.MicroscoPically, the wall sho of the caPillny isrough to some extellt. Some concave and protrUdingndwtef Of difftw sizes on the sdse are formedin the PIDCess Of manufacturing caPillny and thecaPllary gnved stheMs of heat PiPesl'l. In addition,some Inicro Inarks ealst due tO erosion and dePositionon tb…     

Influence of liquid hydrogen and nitrogen on MHD triple diffusive mixed convection nanoliquid flow in presence of surface roughness

An innovative study of influence of surface roughness and nanoparticles on mixed convection flow is considered in presence of liquid hydrogen and liquid nitrogen. In fact, in order to understand the effects of surface roughness and nanoparticles on the flow characteristics of MHD triple diffusive mixed convection nanoliquid flow along an exponentially stretching rough surface, the flow problem is modelled in terms of highly nonlinear partial differential equations subject to the appropriate boundary conditions. Then, those equations are made non-dimensional with the application of non-similar transformations. The resultant nonlinear dimensionless coupled partial differential equations with boundary constraints are solved by using the Quasilinearization technique in combination with the implicit finite difference scheme. The liquid hydrogen and liquid nitrogen are considered as species concentration components. The surface roughness is modelled by a sine wave representation and hence the sinusoidal variations have been observed in gradients such as skin-friction coefficient, heat and mass transfer rates. It is observed that the effects of surface roughness on the skin-friction coefficient are more prominent near the origin than that in downstream. The addition of nanoparticles into the ambient ordinary fluid enhances the skin-friction coefficient and reduces the magnitude of wall heat transfer rate for both cases of smooth and rough surfaces. The rapid variations have been observed in the wall mass transfer rate due to the surface roughness in comparison to that of skin-friction coefficient and wall heat transfer rate. Further, the magnitude of wall mass transfer rate of liquid nitrogen is higher than that of liquid hydrogen.