Ni-Al基涂层制备工艺及其抗氧化性能

通过调整固体粉末渗铝法工艺在镍基高温合金DZ417G基体上制备了Ni-Al二元成分区间内组织可控的γ′-Ni3Al、γ′-Ni3Al+β-NiAl、β-NiAl、β-NiAl+δ-Ni2Al3和δ-Ni2Al3涂层,采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜对涂层的结构、断面形貌以及高温氧化后的表面形貌进行观察和分析。900℃和1 100℃空气恒温氧化实验结果表明:涂层能显著提高材料的抗氧化性能,在涂层厚度相同的情况下,NiAl涂层抗氧化性能最好。     

添加固体润滑剂WS_2的钛合金激光熔覆高温耐磨复合涂层组织与耐磨性

为提高钛合金的摩擦学性能,采用激光熔覆技术在Ti-6Al-4V合金表面制备了γ-Ni Cr Al Ti/Ti C与γ-Ni Cr Al Ti/Ti C+Ti WC2/Cr S+Ti2CS复合涂层。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和能谱仪分析了涂层的物相和显微组织,在球-盘式高温摩擦磨损试验机上测试了不同温度下(室温、300℃、600℃)复合涂层的摩擦学性能。结果表明:激光熔覆的复合涂层与基体呈冶金结合,γ-Ni Cr Al Ti/Ti C复合涂层主要由硬质相Ti C和γ-Ni Cr Al Ti固溶体组成;γ-Ni Cr Al Ti/Ti C+Ti WC2/Cr S+Ti2CS复合涂层主要是由硬质Ti C和Ti WC2为耐磨增强相、γ-Ni Cr Al Ti为增韧相、Ti2CS和Cr S金属硫化物为自润滑相组成的高温自润滑耐磨复合涂层。γ-Ni Cr Al Ti/Ti C和γ-Ni Cr Al Ti/Ti C+Ti WC2/Cr S+Ti2CS复合涂层的摩擦系数在实验温度下都远低于Ti6Al4V基体;γ-Ni Cr Al Ti/Ti C+Ti WC2/Cr S+Ti2CS表现出良好的高温自润滑减摩性能。     

爆炸喷涂NiCrAlTaY涂层的微观组织分析

采用爆炸喷涂工艺在单晶镍基高温合金上制备NiCrAlTaY抗氧化防护涂层。借助XRD，SEM和EDS等技术对涂层的组织结构、表面硬度与粘结强度进行分析。结果显示：涂层由γ-Ni,γ′-Ni3Al,β-NiAl和喷涂过程中的氧化产物α－Al2O3组成。涂层呈典型的扁片层状结构，片层中存在柱状晶组织，层与层之间结合紧密，α-Al2O3夹在片层间。涂层内的孔洞残留有空气。涂层的显微硬度大，涂层／基体界面咬合紧密，结合力强。     

电弧离子镀NiCrAlYSi涂层抗高温氧化行为

采用电弧离子镀技术,在镍基高温合金DZ22B表面沉积一层NiCrAlYSi抗高温氧化涂层。利用SEM、XRD、EDS和电子探针等,分析了涂层的微观形貌、组织结构、物相和元素分布规律。研究了涂层和基体在1050℃的静态空气环境中恒温氧化200 h的氧化动力学规律和抗氧化性能。结果表明:沉积态涂层致密均匀,无孔洞等明显缺陷。经热处理后,涂层发生了β-NiAl向γ'-Ni_3Al的转变,主要物相为γ'-Ni_3Al/γ-Ni、β-NiAl和α-Cr相。恒温氧化200 h后,与基体相比,平均氧化速度由0.096 7g/(m~2·h)降到0.0340g/(m~2·h),显著提高了基体的抗高温氧化性能。氧化初期,涂层表面形成了一层均匀致密的α-Al_2O_3保护层,阻止氧向涂层内部扩散,从而大大提高了抗氧化性能。氧化过程中,涂层与基体的界面处发生了元素互扩散现象;主要为Cr元素从涂层向基体的内扩散和Co、W和Y元素从基体向涂层的外扩散。     

Pt+Hf改性的γ-Ni+γ′-Ni3Al涂层结构及其抗氧化性能研究

通过包埋Al-Hf共渗在高温合金DZ417G表面制备出Pt+Hf共同改性的γ-Ni+γ′-Ni3Al涂层。Al-Hf共渗过程中,Hf含量不同,涂层表面形成的相结构也不同。当渗剂中Hf含量为2%时(质量分数,下同),涂层呈γ-Ni+γ′-Ni3Al结构;渗剂中Hf含量为6%时,涂层相结构为?-NiAl+Al16Hf6Ni7;而当Hf含量达到12%时,涂层相结构为Al16Hf6Ni7。随着后续热处理的进行,β-NiAl+Al16Hf6Ni7涂层的相结构转变为γ-Ni+γ′-Ni3Al;Al16Hf6Ni7涂层转变为γ-Ni+γ′-Ni3Al+Al3HfNi12结构。1100℃的等温氧化实验表明,经过10 h氧化,高温合金基体表面已经出现了脱落;而渗剂中Hf含量为2%时形成的Pt+Hf改性的γ-Ni+γ′-Ni3Al涂层经过30 h氧化后,其表面依然完整。与单纯的Pt改性的γ-Ni+γ′-Ni3Al涂层相比,Pt+Hf共同改性的γ-Ni+γ′-Ni3Al涂层由于适量活性元素Hf的加入,其抗氧化性能得到了提高。     

低压等离子喷涂NiCoCrAlYTa涂层微观结构及抗氧化性能

采用低压等离子喷涂技术在镍基单晶高温合金上制备了NiCoCrAlYTa涂层,利用OM、SEM和EDS研究了涂层的微观结构和涂层中各元素的分布,用XRD对涂层物相进行分析,测定了涂层的显微硬度和断裂韧性,并比较了涂层和合金的抗高温氧化性能.结果表明,涂层中Al、Cr、Co和Ni元素分布均匀,主要由γ-Ni、β-NiAl、γ'-Ni3Al和少量CrCoTa相组成,涂层/合金界面处形成Al、Cr、Co和Ni元素浓度台阶.涂层的显微硬度和断裂韧性分别为350.8 HV0.3和2.73 MPa·m1/2.涂层比镍基单晶高温合金的高温抗氧化性能好.     

Ti6Al4V合金表面激光熔覆NiCrAlSi复合涂层的组织及高温抗氧化性能

为提高Ti6Al4V合金的高温抗氧化性能,以Ni80Cr20-40Al-20Si(质量分数,%)复合合金粉末为原料,采用激光熔覆技术,在Ti6Al4V合金表面制备复合涂层,系统地分析涂层的物相、显微组织结构及高温抗氧化性能。结果表明:复合涂层中没有发现裂纹,仅有少量气孔,且与基体实现良好的冶金结合;Ti_5Si_3/Al_3Ni_2作为增强相均匀分布于基体Al_3Ti/NiTi中;经恒温800℃氧化32 h后,复合涂层的氧化膜主要由Al_2O_3和NiO组成,结构连续致密,氧化动力学曲线近似符合抛物线规律,表现出较好的高温抗氧化性能;而Ti6Al4V合金的氧化膜主要为疏松的TiO_2,表面氧化严重,表现出较差的抗氧化性能。激光熔覆NiCrAlSi复合涂层可望成为有效提高Ti6Al4V合金高温抗氧化性能的途径之一。     

搅拌摩擦焊搭接法制备TC4钛合金表面Al涂层及其高温氧化行为

采用多道搅拌摩擦焊搭接的固态加工方法,并借助焊后表面铣削加工处理,在TC4钛合金表面制备了厚度约为500μm的Al涂层,并对基板试样和涂层试样在700℃大气环境下进行了高温氧化实验用扫描电镜、能谱分析和X射线衍射分析等手段研究了涂层和界面的微观组织结构,并讨论了界面中间层在高温氧化过程中的相结构演变.结果表明,经过搅拌摩擦焊搭接加工,涂层/基体的界面为富Ti的条带状结构,界面中间层厚度达60μm.在表层富Al组织发生高温氧化及熔化现象的同时,足够厚度的Al涂层可对O的内扩散起到一定阻碍作用,而中间层的Ti和Al二元扩散行为促进了Ti-Al相在界面稀氧环境下的形成,最终起到对基体抗氧化的主要防护作用.高温氧化后表面相组成主要为Al₂O₃,Al₂Ti和Al₃Ti.而界面中间层的Ti-Al相结构呈显著的梯度分布特征.     

γ-TiAl表面NiCrAlY/Al复合涂层的高温氧化行为

采用磁控溅射和电弧离子镀技术在γ-TiAl合金表面制备NiCrAlY/Al复合涂层,研究了复合涂层对提高γ-TiAl合金抗高温氧化性能的作用机理。经950℃恒温氧化100 h后,涂层表面未发现裂纹和脱落,涂层试样氧化增重值较基体大幅减小。对氧化层进行了SEM、EDS和XRD分析,结果表明无保护涂层的基体γ-TiAl合金表层疏松多孔,无法抵抗高温环境下氧气对基体合金的侵蚀。复合涂层表面的NiCrAlY镀层在氧化过程中形成了Cr2O3,α-Al2O3和β-NiAl相组成的致密防护涂层,阻隔了氧气与基体的接触,中间的Al层为表层持续生成Al2O3提供了Al源。NiCrAlY/Al复合涂层显著提高了基体在950℃下的抗高温氧化性能。     

不同温度下γ-NiCrAlTi/TiC/CaF2自润滑耐磨复合涂层的摩擦磨损性能

为提高Ti6Al4V合金的摩擦学性能,采用激光熔覆技术在Ti6Al4V表面制备出以Ti C为增强相、γ-Ni Cr Al Ti固溶体为增韧相、Ca F2为自润滑相的γ-Ni Cr Al Ti/Ti C/Ca F2自润滑耐磨复合涂层。分别在室温、300℃和600℃时测试了复合涂层和Ti6Al4V合金基体的干滑动磨损性能,并且讨论了其与对磨球的磨损机理。结果表明:从室温到600℃,γ-Ni Cr Al Ti/Ti C/Ca F2自润滑耐磨复合涂层的摩擦系数和磨损率均比Ti6Al4V合金基体显著降低,该复合涂层具有较好的自润滑耐磨性能;对偶件Si3N4陶瓷球的磨损也有一定程度的降低。600℃时,Ti6Al4V基体的磨损机理为氧化塑性变形,γ-Ni Cr Al Ti/Ti C/Ca F2磨损机理为润滑转移层的形成。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.