SiC—AlN—Y2O3复相陶瓷的制备与性能

通过热压烧结技术，ＳｉＣ、ＡｌＮ和Ｙ２Ｏ３粉末混合体在１９２０￣２０５０℃、Ａｒ气氛下形成了致密的复相陶瓷。在室温下ＳｉＣ－ＡｌＮ－Ｙ２Ｏ３复相材料的抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别达到６００ＭＰａ和７ＭＰａ·ｍ＾１／２以上。运用ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ和ＴＥＭ分析致密样品的断裂裂纹、形貌和组成。ＳｉＣ－ＡｌＮ－Ｙ２Ｏ３复相陶瓷在１３７０℃氧化试验３０ｈ，其氧化产物为莫来石。     

SiC－AlN－Y_2O_3复相陶瓷的氧化行为

经研究致密的ＳｉＣ－ＡｌＮ－Ｙ２Ｏ３复相陶瓷的氧化行为后发现，陶瓷材料的表面在空气中氧化的反应物随着温度的高低而变化．８００℃、２０ｈ氧化试验后，试样表面无任何变化，１１００℃氧化．２０ｈ，表面形成了极少量的ＳｉＯ２，但两者均无增重．１２５０℃与１３２０℃氧化３０ｈ后，试样的重量和表面发生较明显的变化，形成了ＳｉＯ２与α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３，１３７０℃氧化试验３０ｈ后，陶瓷表面的氧化产物ＳｉＯ２与α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３转化成莫来石（３Ａｌ２Ｏ３·２ＳｉＯ２）结构．试样表面的氧化层均匀而且致密．     

碳化硅和氧化铝陶瓷的热等静压氮化

通过对无压烧结、热压烧结和热等静压烧结ＳＩＣ陶瓷以及热压烧结的ＳｉＣ粒子补强Ａｌ２Ｏ３基复相陶瓷（ＳｉＣｐ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３）和ＳｉＣ粒子与ＳｉＣ晶须共同增强的Ａｌ２Ｏ３基复合材料（ＳｉＣｐ－ＳｉＣｗ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３）在氮气氛中进行高温氮化处理，成功地实现了这些材料的开口气孔表面裂纹的愈合。研究表明：热等静压氯化工艺可以显著提高ＳｉＣ和Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷的抗弯强度，对断裂韧性也有较大的改善作用。对于热等静压烧结ＳｉＣ陶瓷，在１８５０℃和２００ＭＰａ氮气压力下氯化处理１小时后，其抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别由５８２ＭＰａ和５．７ＭＰａ·ｍ１／２提高到９０７ＭＰａ和８．４ＭＰａ·ｍ１／２；对于热压烧结的ＳｉＣｐ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３复相陶瓷和ＳｉＣｐ－ＳｉＣｗ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３复合材料，在１７００℃和１５０ＭＰａ氮气压力下氮化处理１小时后，其室温抗弯强度分别由４６０和７０５ＭＰａ提高到８９５和１０３３ＭＰａ。     

无压烧结SiC－AlN复相陶瓷的显微结构

对于ＳｉＣ与ＡｌＮ在１８００℃以上可以发生反应形成固溶体的研究结果有益于碳化硅陶瓷的烧结．在２１００℃Ａｒ气氛的条件下，通过ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ和ＴＥＭ等分析手段测试样品的颗粒界面、断裂面和组成后发现，烧结过程中ＡｌＮ扩散并均匀地分市在整个坯体之中，ＳｉＣ颗粒在原位长大成无序排列的长５～８μｍ、宽为１μｍ的棒状晶体结构．ＳｉＣ－ＡｌＮ复相材料的断裂面呈现出拨出与撕裂二种效果，其抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别可达到４２０ＭＰａ和４．８３ＭＰａ．ｍ１／２     

TiC／（Al_2O_3／Y－TZP）复相陶瓷的制备与性能

本文采用热压工艺制备ＴｉＣ和Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３共同补强Ｙ－ＴＺＰ基复相陶瓷，研究了复相陶瓷的相组成、力学性能及显微结构．发现复相陶瓷的高温强度得到显著提高，１０００℃时，组成为３０ｖｏｌ％ＴｉＣ－（２５ｖｏｌ％Ａｌ２Ｏ３／１．８Ｙ－ＴＺＰ）复相陶瓷抗弯强度高达６１４ＭＰａ．ＴｉＣ颗粒补强机制在高温下发挥了重要作用．     

LCMAS微晶玻璃／Y－TZP复相材料

本工作对ＬＣＭＡＳ微晶玻璃／Ｙ－ＴＺＰ复相材料在不同的烧结温度下所出现的晶相进行了研究，发现材料在烧结温度下，Ｙ－ＴＺＰ中的ＺｒＯ２与微晶玻璃中的ＳｉＯ２发生化学反应生成锆英石（ＺｒＯ２·ＳｉＯ２），少量Ｙ－ＴＺＰ的加入起不到相变增初作用．由于Ｙ－ＴＺＰ起到微晶玻璃晶核剂的作用，仍能使材料的抗折强度和断裂韧性得到大幅度的提高．当Ｙ－ＴＺＰ含量为９５ｗｔ％时，复相材料的抗折强度和断裂韧性分别为６３１ＭＰａ和８．４ＭＰａ．ｍ１／２．     

晶内型Al2O3—SiC纳米复合陶瓷的制备

研究了沉淀法制备Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＣ纳米复合陶瓷的工艺过程，利用Ａｌ２Ｏ３从γ相到α相的蠕虫状生长过程，使大部分纳米ＳｉＣ颗粒位于Ａｌ２Ｏ３晶粒内，用沉淀法制得的、含有５ｖｏｌ％ＳｉＣ的Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＣ纳米复合陶瓷，其强度为４６７ＭＰａ，韧性为４．７ＭＰａ．ｍ＾１／２，与一般的Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷相比有较大的提高，显示了沉淀法制备Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＣ纳米复合陶瓷的优点。     

助烧剂对热压Si3N4基陶瓷组织结构的影响

用ＸＲＤ，ＳＥＭ，ＴＥＭ分析了用Ｙ２Ｏ３＋Ａｌ２Ｏ３及Ｙ２Ｏ３＋ＡｌＮ做助烧剂的两种热压Ｓｉ３Ｎ４基陶瓷的组织结构，用ＥＤＸＡ分析了Ｓｉ，Ａｌ，Ｙ等元素的含量。结果表明，两种Ｓｉ３Ｎ４都是由长柱状β相组成；     

TiC／（Al2O3／Y—TZP）复相陶瓷的制备与性能

本文采用热压工艺制备ＴｉＣ和Ａｌ２Ｏ３共同补强Ｙ－ＴＺＰ基复相陶瓷，研究了复相陶瓷的相组成。力学性能及显微结构，发现复相陶瓷的高温强度得到显著提高，１０００℃时，组成为３０ｖｏｌ％ＴｉＣ－（２５ｖｏｌ％，Ａｌ２Ｏ３／１．８Ｙ－ＴＺＰ）复相陶冷饮 抗弯强度高达６１４ＭＰａ，ＴｉＣ颗粒补强机制在高温下发挥了重要作用。     

添加Al_2O_3对SiC板粒／Y－TZP复合材料力学性能的影响

本文以ＳｉＣ板粒、ＺｒＯＣｌ２－８Ｈ２Ｏ、ＡｌＣｌ３和Ｙ（ＭＯ）３为原料，利用共沉淀和热压烧结工艺，制备ＳｉＣ板粒／Ｙ－ＴＺＰ和（含Ａｌ２Ｏ３）ＳｉＣ板粒／Ｙ－ＴＺＰ复合材料．测试了材料的室温和高温力学性能．研究了添加Ａｌ２Ｏ３对ＳｉＣ板粒／Ｙ－ＴＺＯ复合材料的影响．结果表明，ＳｉＣ板粒／Ｙ－ＴＺＰ复合材料与Ｙ－ＴＺＰ陶瓷相比，其室温强度和韧性出现明显下降，高温强度也没有改善；而在ＳｉＣ板粒与Ｙ－ＴＺＰ复合的基础上，添加Ａｌ２Ｏ３可明显提高材料的强度和断裂韧性，同时，材料的高温强度也获得显著改善．     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.