2205和316L不锈钢在氢氟酸中的电化学腐蚀行为

通过动电位极化和电化学阻抗方法考察了2205双相不锈钢和316L不锈钢在5%(体积分数)HF溶液中的电化学行为,借助Mott-Schokkty曲线分析了两种不锈钢表面钝化膜的半导体特性。结果表明：两种不锈钢在氢氟酸溶液中都能发生钝化,且2205双相不锈钢的钝化区间范围更宽,维钝电流密度更低。2205双相不锈钢表面钝化膜表现出更高的钝化膜电阻和电荷转移电阻,其抗氢氟酸腐蚀性能优于316L不锈钢,这主要与2205双相不锈钢中的Mo和Cr含量高、表面钝化膜缺陷少、钝化膜易修复等因素有关。     

2205和316L不锈钢在氢氟酸中的电化学腐蚀行为北大核心CSCD

通过动电位极化和电化学阻抗方法考察了2205双相不锈钢和316L不锈钢在5%(体积分数)HF溶液中的电化学行为,借助Mott-Schokkty曲线分析了两种不锈钢表面钝化膜的半导体特性。结果表明:两种不锈钢在氢氟酸溶液中都能发生钝化,且2205双相不锈钢的钝化区间范围更宽,维钝电流密度更低。2205双相不锈钢表面钝化膜表现出更高的钝化膜电阻和电荷转移电阻,其抗氢氟酸腐蚀性能优于316L不锈钢,这主要与2205双相不锈钢中的Mo和Cr含量高、表面钝化膜缺陷少、钝化膜易修复等因素有关。     

316L和HR-2不锈钢在盐酸液膜环境中的钝化与点蚀

基于自行设计组装的盐酸液膜腐蚀模拟装置,采用腐蚀挂片、电阻探针、Tafel极化、电化学阻抗等方法,研究了316L和HR-2不锈钢在浓度分别为1、0.5和0.1 mol/L,温度分别为90、70和60℃的盐酸蒸汽环境中的钝化和点蚀行为,并利用金相显微镜、XRD对腐蚀试样和腐蚀产物进行了分析。结果表明:两种不锈钢的腐蚀速率随时间先加快后减慢最后趋于稳定,316L不锈钢的腐蚀速率相对较高;两种不锈钢均能形成稳定钝化区,且维钝电流密度相差不大,HR-2孔蚀电位的钝化区间总体都比316L不锈钢高,说明HR-2不锈钢更耐腐蚀;另外,两种不锈钢表面腐蚀产物成分基本相同,316L不锈钢表面的腐蚀产物更多更密集,这是由于O的吸附被C1-所取代,钢体表面上的钝化膜难以形成或破坏,并且更可能导致不锈钢点蚀。     

柠檬酸钝化对316L不锈钢耐蚀性能的影响

采用动态极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱方法研究了经过柠檬酸钝化后医用316L不锈钢在模拟体液中耐蚀性能的变化,利用XPS分析了材料表面组成对不锈钢耐蚀性能的影响.结果表明,经过柠檬酸钝化后,316L不锈钢的自腐蚀电位增加,自腐蚀电流减小,而极化电阻和电荷转移电阻增大,说明其耐蚀性得到了很大的提高.经过柠檬酸钝化的316L不锈钢耐蚀性提高的原因是柠檬酸选择性地溶解基体Fe元素,而双氧水将富集的Cr氧化形成致密的Cr2O3薄膜,从而起到保护作用.     

不锈钢在含SO2-4稀HCl中的电化学腐蚀行为

应用电化学测量技术研究了1Cr18Ni9Ti和316L在含硫 酸盐(SO2-4)的稀HCl介质中的腐蚀行为。极化曲线测量结果表明，SO2-4 能显著抑制1Cr18Ni9Ti的点蚀，而对316L的腐蚀有加速作用并降低其钝化性能。电化学阻抗 谱测量结果表明，不锈钢表面钝化膜的保护性随着温度升高而降低。     

氯化铁溶液中316L和HR-2不锈钢的腐蚀行为研究

分别采用浸泡腐蚀实验、电化学测试技术、扫描电化学显微镜(SECM)分析技术和慢应变速率拉伸(SSRT)及应力腐蚀(SCC)实验方法对比研究了316L和HR-2奥氏体不锈钢在三氯化铁溶液中的腐蚀行为,并探讨了腐蚀机理。结果表明,不受力条件下316L和HR-2不锈钢的耐腐蚀性能均较好,316L钢呈现出较轻的点腐蚀现象。在动态拉应力作用下,316L和HR-2不锈钢均表现出较高的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性,原因是拉应力促进了不锈钢表面钝化膜的破裂,加速应力腐蚀裂纹的萌生和扩展。316L不锈钢的SCC敏感性稍高于HR-2不锈钢,归因于316L不锈钢点蚀敏感性稍高,因而表面钝化膜在动态拉伸载荷作用下更易于破裂。     

316L不锈钢钝化膜在Cl~-介质中的耐蚀机制

研究了 316L不锈钢在以硝酸为主体的氧化性介质中经过化学钝化处理形成的钝化膜在 3.5 %NaCl溶液中的电化学行为 ,运用X射线光电子能谱 (XPS)分析了钝化膜的组成与结构 ,运用交流阻抗技术研究了钝化膜的电性能 .结果表明 ,经过化学钝化处理后的成膜试样在Cl-介质中耐点蚀性能明显提高 ;钝化膜的主要组成元素Cr、Fe、Ni在膜中分别以Cr2 O3 、FeO、NiO存在 ;钝化膜呈p型半导体特性 .     

Ni-Cu-P和316L在含盐酸高温流体中冲蚀行为

用质量损失法系统研究Ni-Cu-P及316L不锈钢在含盐酸高温流体中的冲蚀行为。结果表明:Ni-Cu-P和316L在单向流(20%HCl溶液)和两相流(20%HCl溶液+20g/L黄砂)中的冲蚀速率均随流体温度的升高而增大;在353K单相流和两相流中,316L冲蚀速率均为Ni-Cu-P的10倍左右。盐酸浓度对Ni-Cu-P和316L冲蚀速率的影响较温度小。Ni-Cu-P在单向流和两相流中冲蚀机制分别为均匀腐蚀和均匀腐蚀+微切削。316L不锈钢在298K单相流和两相流中冲蚀机制分别为轻微选择性腐蚀和轻微选择性腐蚀+微切削,表面为富Cr钝化膜;而在323～353K,其冲蚀机制分别为选择性腐蚀和选择性腐蚀+微切削,表面为富Mo和Ni的钝化膜。     

316L不锈钢在不同pH值硼酸溶液中的电化学行为研究

采用动电位极化、电化学阻抗及Mott-Schottky技术研究了316L不锈钢在pH值分别为4,7和11的硼酸溶液中钝化膜的电化学行为,并对钝化膜成分进行了X射线光电子能谱分析。结果表明:316L不锈钢在酸性、中性和碱性硼酸溶液中均能形成稳定的钝化膜,且随p H值增加钝化电位区间减小,过钝电位显著下降。碱性硼酸溶液中316L不锈钢过钝电流显著增加。钝化膜完整性在中性硼酸溶液中最好,酸性溶液中最差。MottSchottky曲线结果表明,在酸性环境中随着电位的升高,钝化膜由n型向p型转变;在中性和碱性环境中,钝化膜半导体类型分别为n型和p型。这是由于随p H值增加,Cr的氢氧化物消失,钝化膜中Fe由Fe O(OH)转变为Fe_3O_4;在碱性环境下钝化膜中Cr_2O_3含量减少导致耐蚀性下降。     

炼油厂冷却水系统硫酸盐还原菌对316L不锈钢点腐蚀的研究

用开路电位、动电位扫描、电化学阻抗技术和扫描电镜等方法,研究了316L不锈钢在硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)溶液中的腐蚀电化学行为,分析了炼油厂冷却水系统微生物腐蚀的特征及机制.结果表明,在含有SRB溶液中的自腐蚀电位(Ecorr)和点蚀电位(Epit)随浸泡时间的增加而负移,极化电阻(Rp)随浸泡时间的增加而减小;在含有SRB溶液中的腐蚀速率均大于在无菌溶液中;SRB的生长代谢活动影响了316L SS表面的腐蚀过程,使不锈钢表面的钝化膜层腐蚀破坏程度增加,加速了316L SS的腐蚀.     

Effect of p H on the Electrochemical Behaviour and Passive FilmComposition of 316L Stainless Steel

The effect of pH on the electrochemical behaviour and passive film composition of 316 L stainless steel in alkaline solutions was studied using electrochemical measurements and a surface analysis method. The critical pH of 12.5 was found for the conversion from pitting corrosion to the oxygen evolution reaction(OER). OER was kinetically faster than pitting corrosion when both reactions could occur, and OER could postpone pitting corrosion. This resulted in pitting being initiated during the reversing scan in the cyclic polarization at the critical pH. According to the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, the content of Cr and Mo decreased with pH, while Fe content increased. This induced the degradation of the passive film, which resulted in the higher passive current densities under more alkaline conditions. The selective dissolution of Mo at high p H was found, which demonstrated that the addition of Mo in austenitic stainless steels might not be beneficial to the corrosion resistance of 316L in strong alkaline solutions.     

Investigation on Pitting Corrosion of Nickel-Free and Manganese-Alloyed High-Nitrogen Stainless Steels

Pitting corrosion behavior of three kinds of nickel-free and manganese-alloyed high-nitrogen (N) stainless steels (HNSSs) was investigated using electrochemical and immersion testing methods. Type 316L stainless steel (316L SS) was also included for comparison purpose. Both solution-annealed and sensitization-treated steels were examined. The solution-annealed HNSSs showed much better resistance to pitting corrosion than the 316L SS in both neutral and acidic sodium chloride solutions. The addition of molybdenum (Mo) had no further improvement on the pitting corrosion resistance of the solution-annealed HNSSs. The sensitization treatment resulted in significant degradation of the pitting corrosion resistance of the HNSSs, but not for the 316L SS. Typical large size of corrosion pits was observed on the surface of solution-annealed 316L SS, while small and dispersed corrosion pits on the surfaces of solution-annealed HNSSs. The sensitization-treated HNSSs suffered very severe pitting corrosion, accompanying the intergranular attack. The addition of Mo significantly improved the resistance of the sensitization-treated HNSSs to pitting corrosion, particularly in acidic solution. The good resistance of the solution-annealed HNSSs to pitting corrosion could be attributed to the passive film contributed by N, Cr, and Mo. The sensitization treatment degraded the passive film by decreasing anti-corrosion elements and Cr-bearing oxides in the passive film.     

热带海洋大气环境下不锈钢的腐蚀寿命评估

目的 给出一种模拟万宁海洋大气环境的室内加速环境谱并对典型不锈钢材料进行寿命预测。方法 采用失重法对4种不锈钢的耐蚀性进行宏观分析。采用X射线光电子能谱分析仪（XPS）对4种不锈钢的腐蚀产物类型进行分析。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对4种不锈钢的腐蚀产物进行微观分析。采用腐蚀电化学法对4种不锈钢进行宏观电化学分析。采用灰色关联度分析法研究室内加速环境谱与万宁海洋大气环境下户外暴露试验的相关性。结果 4种不锈钢的腐蚀失重速率都随着试验时间的增加而降低,其中430不锈钢腐蚀速率的减小程度最明显。4种不锈钢均在室内加速腐蚀试验中表现出较好的耐蚀性,耐蚀性由好到差依次为2205、316L、304、430不锈钢。XPS结果显示,304不锈钢与316L不锈钢的腐蚀产物主要为Fe₂O₃和Fe₃O₄;2205不锈钢的腐蚀产物主要包括Fe₂O₃以及Fe OOH或FeCr₂O₄;430不锈钢的腐蚀产物属于典型不锈钢的腐蚀产物,主要由...     

Depassivation-repassivation behavior of type-312L stainless steel in NaCl solution investigated by the micro-indentation

Repassivation behavior of type-312L stainless steel containing 6% of molybdenum was examined in NaCl solution using in situ micro-indentation technique, together with type-304 and 316L stainless steels. High stability of the passive film formed on the type-312L stainless steel was also examined by depth profiling analysis of passive films using glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES). In 0.9 mol dm⁻³ NaCl solution at 296 K the type-304 and 316L stainless steels are passive only up to 0.3 V (SHE), above which pitting corrosion occurs. In contrast, no pitting corrosion occurs on type-312L stainless steel. Despite the significant difference of the pitting corrosion resistance, the repassivation kinetics of the three stainless steels, examined by micro-indentation at 0.3 V (SHE), is similar. The presence of molybdenum in the stainless steel does not influence the repassivation kinetics. The charge required to repassivate the ruptured type-312L stainless steel surface increases approximately linearly with the potential, even though the passivity-maintaining current increased markedly at potentials close to the transpassive region. Repassivation occurs without accompanying significant dissolution of steel, regardless of the stability of passive state. Depth profiling analyses of the passive films on the type-312L stainless steels formed at several potentials revealed that molybdenum species enrich in the outer layer of the passive film, below which chromium-enriched layer is present. The permeation of chloride ions may be impeded by the outer layer containing molybdate, enhancing the resistance against the localized corrosion of the type-312L stainless steel.     

316NG不锈钢在高纯水环境中的腐蚀行为

通过腐蚀失重试验,获得了316NG不锈钢在高纯水环境中的腐蚀失重曲线及均匀腐蚀速率;采用XPS、XRD、SEM等手段对腐蚀产物的组成元素、物相、形貌进行了分析。结果表明:316NG不锈钢在高纯水环境中的平均腐蚀速率为0.05mm/a,远小于304NG不锈钢和321不锈钢的;腐蚀产物膜主要以耐蚀性强的磁铁矿Fe_3O_4、尖晶石类氧化物FeCr_2O_4和NiFe_2O_4、镍和铬氧化物及氢氧化物等形式存在,且(铬+镍)与铁的原子比高于基体的,说明316NG不锈钢具有良好的耐腐蚀性能。     

Electrochemical and XPS studies of the passive film formed on stainless steels in borate buffer and chloride solutions

The passivity of AISI 304L and AISI 316L stainless steels in a borate buffer solution, with and without the addition of chloride ions, was studied using cyclic voltammetry and potentiodynamic measurements. The passive layers formed by electrochemical oxidation at different passivation potentials on both the stainless steels were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, their compositions were analysed as a function of depth, and the cationic fraction of the passive film was determined. The passive films established on the two stainless steels in the borate buffer solution at pH = 9.3 contained the oxides of two main elements, i.e., Fe and Cr. The oxides of the alloying elements Ni and, optionally, Mo, also contribute to the passive layer. In the presence of chloride ions a strong chromium enrichment was observed in the passive layers.     

恒电位──恒电流瞬态响应技术研究钝化膜多层结构Ⅲ．氯化钠溶液中2205和316L不锈钢钝化膜稳定性的研究

采用恒电位－恒电流（Ｐ－Ｇ）瞬态响应技术研究了２２０５和３１６Ｌ不锈钢在０．５和１．０ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＣｌ溶液中钝化膜的结构和稳定性．研究结果证实，体系的钝化膜均具有多层结构．讨论了氯离子在钝化膜生长和破坏过程中的作用．并提出可能的作用模式和破坏机制．由Ｐ－Ｇ响应曲线计算得到的各特征参数随极化电位的变化关系表明，２２０５双相钢在ＮａＣｌ介质中的耐蚀性明显高于３１６Ｌ不锈钢．另外，初步探讨了２２０５钢的组织结构与钝化膜稳定性的关系．     

己内酰胺精制薄膜蒸发器腐蚀失效分析

用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱分析等技术分析己内酰胺精制用薄膜蒸发器腐蚀减薄器壁的化学成分、金相组织、腐蚀形貌和腐蚀产物。结果表明：蒸发器内壁减薄主要是由于高速液膜流体所造成的有机酸冲刷腐蚀所致,装置提量后加剧了腐蚀减薄的速度。通过电化学极化测量304L、316、321三种不锈钢在酸性己内酰胺介质中的耐蚀性进行了比较,证实316不锈钢的耐冲刷腐蚀性能较好。     

22Cr双相不锈钢与304L、316L钢在氯化物溶液中耐应力腐蚀性能的比较

采用恒载荷法、恒应变法研究了22Cr双相不锈钢在不同Cl-浓度、不同温度的氯化物渗液中耐应力腐蚀的性能,并与316L和304L普通奥氏体不锈钢进行了对比.结果表明,22Cr双相不锈钢在氯化物环境中具有更好的应力腐蚀破裂(SCC)抗力.