改性羧甲基羟丙基纤维素作聚醋酸乙烯乳液增稠剂的研究

用旋转粘度计研究了改性羧甲基羟丙基纤维素在聚醋酸乙烯乳液中的增稠效应。通过与非离子型羟乙基纤维素及离子型羧甲基纤维素的比较试验表明,改性羧甲基羟丙基纤维素用作聚醋酸乙烯乳液增稠剂有良好的增稠性、稳定性和配伍性。     

STRUCTURE~ CEL 乙基羟乙基纤维素在皂基沐浴露中的应用

StructureR詳CEL 4400E是一种新型的、使用方便的水溶性非离子流变调节剂,具有优异的增稠效果、外观改善性能和泡沫改进特性。实验表明,在皂基沐浴露体系中,Structure CEL 4400E在增稠,提高配方稳定性,增泡和稳泡性能上,都优于羟乙基纤维素和羟丙基甲基纤维素。     

羟丙基纤维素溶液的流变性能

采用ARES-RFS流变仪测定了羟丙基纤维素溶液的流变性能,考察了温度、溶液浓度、醚化剂量对溶液流变行为的影响,并得到了溶液的非牛顿指数、黏流活化能及结构黏度指数。结果表明:羟丙基纤维素溶液属于假塑性流体,随温度升高、浓度降低、醚化剂用量的增加,该溶液的表观黏度降低,非牛顿指数增大。     

耐热PVC增塑糊的研究

通常的PVC糊树脂热分解温度为160℃,从其流变特性出发筛选了各种热稳定剂及其他助剂,研究出比原来分解温度高出40~50℃PVC增塑糊制备方法,使其应用在热浸渍制品上,不仅保持原PVC增塑糊的一些性能,而且耐热性、透明性、附着力等都有新的改进,因而获得了良好的经济效益。     

注浆成形制备金尾矿基轻质瓷浆料性能的研究

本研究采用了注浆成形工艺制备金尾矿基轻质瓷制品,研究了其浆料性能。通过引入通过温轮胶、魔芋胶和羟丙基甲基纤维素等悬浮稳定剂来改善陶瓷浆料稳定性和流动性,使浆料达到注浆成形的要求。同时,还阐明了悬浮稳定剂对陶瓷浆料稳定性和流变特性的影响。     

高效氯氟氰菊酯水乳剂的流变特性研究

通过测定黏度曲线和流变曲线研究了增稠剂种类、用量、温度以及外加电解质对高效氯氟氰菊酯水乳剂流变特性的影响。实验结果表明:水乳剂黏度随着黄原胶和硅酸镁铝用量的增加而增大,且黄原胶的增稠效果优于硅酸镁铝;添加不同用量增稠剂,水乳剂均表现出剪切变稀的假塑性流体特征,且假塑性特征随着增稠剂用量的增加而增强;温度升高使得水乳剂黏度减小,不同温度下水乳剂均具有剪切变稀的假塑性特征;随着电解质离子浓度的增加,水乳剂黏度先增大后减小,在一定浓度范围内,外加电解质离子不会改变水乳剂的假塑性特征。     

自增稠丙烯酸酯类植绒胶粘剂流变性能研究

本文用旋转粘度计测定了自增稠丙烯酸酯类植绒胶粘剂的流变性能,自增稠体系呈现出显著的胀流型和假塑性流体的特性,加氨水后自增稠体系主要呈现假塑性流体的特征,讨论了丙烯酸含量对丙烯酸酯类共聚物乳液粘度及增稠性能的影响。     

纤维素衍生物MC、HPMC的应用

纤维素醚MC、HPMC具有良好的分散性能、乳化、增稠、粘合、成膜、保水性，同时具有优越的水溶性、表面活性、稳定性、有机溶剂中溶解等性能。目前开发出的主要产品有RT系列MC‘HPMC品种其牌号为50RT（甲基纤维素），60RT（羟丙基甲基纤维素），65RT（羟丙基甲基纤维素），75RT（羟丙基甲基纤维素），对应于DOW化学公司的牌号分别为MethocelAE、F和K。RT系列产品因为其粘结性。悬浮稳定性和保水性，决定了其在建筑材料中是非常有用的添加剂，如可配制成高质量的“陶瓷墙地砖胶粘剂”（俗称胶粉），已用于北京西客站，效果良好。…     

不同交联度木薯羟丙基淀粉糊液性能研究

通过对7种不同交联度的木薯变性淀粉（羟丙基淀粉、羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯）完全糊化后的糊液进行耐酸性、耐蒸煮性、抗剪切性等性能对比研究,探讨了不同交联度对木薯羟丙基淀粉糊液性能的影响。结果表明：经磷酸盐交联和羟丙基醚化共同改性处理的羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯的抗剪切和耐酸性能优于羟丙基淀粉;就5种交联羟丙基淀粉而言,HPST3的耐盐性能较差,但其他4种淀粉在一定交联范围内,糊液耐盐性能与交联度有关,随着交联度增大其耐盐性能也随之提高,另外2种羟丙基淀粉在一定氯化钠添加量的范围内也表现出较为出色的耐盐性能;在5种羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯中,抗剪切性能和耐酸性能随着交联度增大而下降。结合各淀粉性能可知,交联度中等的羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯可应用于蚝油等高盐环境中及酸奶等酸性环境中;羟丙基淀粉可应用于低速搅拌及耐蒸煮的烘焙预拌粉中。     

羧甲基多糖对羟丙基甲基纤维素溶液性能的影响

利用羧甲基淀粉、羧甲基纤维素与羟丙基甲基纤维素进行复配,研究羧甲基类多糖与羟丙基甲基纤维素的协同作用,并对其增稠作用的机理进行研究。结果表明:羧甲基淀粉钠和羧甲基纤维素钠对非离子型纤维素混合醚都有一定的增黏协同效应,且淀粉羧甲基物比纤维素羧甲基物的增黏效应更明显。     

Characterization of terpolymers containing 1,2,4‐oxadiazolic pendant groups with potential application as workover fluids

Presence of planar, bulky heterocyclic pendant groups, attached to polymer chains, alters the thermal properties and, once gelled, they modify their rheological properties as well. The authors report generation of stiff gels coming from terpolymers containing 1,2,4‐oxadiazolic pendant groups, obtained by chemical modification of commercial polyacrylonitrile. The gels formed in basic aqueous solutions were compared and the effect of substituents linked to the heterocycles on thermal stability and viscoelastic properties was also analyzed. The structural modifications were followed by FTIR. The potential use of these terpolymers as workover fluids is discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Comparative study of surface properties determination of colored pearl-oyster-shell-derived filler using inverse gas chromatography method and contact angle measurements

Mollusk shells, such as clam, mussel, oyster and pearl oyster shells, are potential candidates for commercial calcium carbonate-based fillers. In this work, the surface properties of colored pearl-oyster-shell-derived filler (CMF) were investigated with comparison to those of pearl oyster shell powder (MSP), using an inverse gas chromatography (IGC) method and contact angle measurements. A developed computational model for the interpretation of surface free energy heterogeneity distributions was applied to both samples. The contact angle measurements revealed an amphiphilic nature. The dispersion component of surface free energy for both samples calculated using the Owens–Wendt–Kaelble (OWK), van Oss–Chaudhury–Good (vOCG) and Wu methods were consistent with those determined using the IGC method. The deconvolution of surface energetic sites confirmed their energetic heterogeneity. The CMF displayed lower work of cohesion, which could be beneficial to the fabrication of polymer composites, as typically reduced filler particle-particle interactions would result.     

Effects of antimicrobial agents on the thermal and mechanical properties of acrylate hydrogel matrices

Polymer materials with antimicrobial activity are prepared by UV polymerization of acrylate and methacrylate mixture at room temperature. The antimicrobials are silver acetate and copper (II) acetate, used without pretreatment. Their chemical stability in the acrylate matrix and their effect on the thermal and mechanical properties of the polymer matrix are investigated as a function of their concentration up to 15 wt %. Physico‐chemical, thermal, rheological, and morphological analyses as well as the surveillance of metal salts release in aqueous medium are conducted. A significant decrease in the thermal stability of the salts introduced into the acrylate matrix is observed after UV treatment. The metal salts also have significant effects on the properties of the matrix. A plasticization and densification of the material associated with an aggregation of salts up to the percolation at the highest concentration are highlighted. At equal concentrations, the effects are more pronounced in the presence of copper salts. The latter was released more slowly than silver salts from acrylate material. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43501.     

Improvement of thermal and fire properties of polypropylene

In the present research, the thermal stability and fire properties of polypropylene (PP) have been improved through direct melt intercalation of PP, organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT), calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) nanoparticles, and conventional flame retardants, i.e., decabromodiphenyl oxide (DB) and antimony trioxide (AO). The morphology of the compound was characterized by means of X‐ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy. Thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), cone‐calorimetry, limiting oxygen index, UL‐94, and tensile tests were also employed to investigate thermal and mechanical properties as well as the flammability of the compounds. Data, obtained from TGA, indicated that simultaneous incorporation of both OMMT and CaCO₃ nanoparticles forms a synergistic effect to improve both the thermal and thermo‐oxidative stability. The kinetic analysis of polymer degradation showed that the presence of nanoparticles hindered the thermal degradation of PP. The combination of OMMT and CaCO₃ was more effective to improve fire properties than OMMT and DB/AO. The experimental results indicated that the incorporation of OMMT and CaCO₃ improved both the tensile (i.e., the increase of yield strength, tensile strength, and Young's modulus) and thermal properties. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

The Inhibitory Effect of Gallic Acid Alkyl Esters on Lipid Oxidation of Intactly Soaked Oyster Meats and Oyster Meat Homogenates during Refrigerated Storage

In this study, the antioxidant effects of gallic acid (GA) and its alkyl esters including methyl gallate (MG), butyl gallate (BG), octyl gallate (OG), and lauryl gallate (LG) in whole oyster meats and oyster meat homogenates during cold storage are investigated. The oxidation degree of lipid is measured by peroxide value (POV), thiobarbituric acid active substances (TBARS), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) percentage. The results show that the lipid oxidation in the two types of samples is inhibited by GA alkyl esters, and the antioxidant effects first increase and then decrease along with the extension of the chain length, among the esters, BG and OG are relatively more effective. Therefore, it is speculated that the antioxidant capacity of GA alkyl esters may be influenced by hydrophobicity and follows a “cut-off effect” in whole oyster meats and oyster meat homogenates. Practical application: Seafood is easily oxidized even under cold storage because it contains more PUFA. Antioxidants are widely used to inhibit lipid oxidation. In this study, the antioxidant capacity of GA alkyl esters in whole oyster meats and oyster meat homogenates is investigated, which improves the selection of suitable antioxidants to strengthen the oxidation stability of oyster samples for cold storage.     

中草药用于酱油防腐初步研究

采用滤纸片法研究了118种中草药对酱油腐败菌毕赤氏酵母的抑制情况,考察了中草药的添加对酱油各项理化指标的影响,并以苯甲酸钠为对照,探讨其在酱油防腐效果方面的差异。结果表明,乌梅、丁香及石榴皮对酱油的防腐效果优于苯甲酸钠,并有助于改善酱油风味。其中,乌梅的最低抑菌质量浓度(MIC)及最低杀菌质量浓度(MBC)均为最小,分别达31.0 g/L和62.5 g/L。     

Mechanical,thermal, and hydrophobic properties of silica aerogel–epoxy composites

Epoxy composites were prepared with different contents of hydrophobic silica aerogel particles to investigate their mechanical, thermal, and hydrophobic properties. The composites, particularly the one containing 1 wt % silica aerogel, showed remarkable toughness and yielding behaviors compared to neat epoxy, with its brittle behavior. As the content of silica aerogel increased, the thermal properties of the composites (e.g., thermal conductivity and thermal stability) improved. This was due to the very low thermal conductivity and high thermal stability of the silica aerogel particles. Moreover, the use of the hydrophobic silica aerogel led to the development of composites with hydrophobic properties. To examine the hydrophobicity more deeply, a series of water‐uptake tests were performed, and the results show that the composite with 3 wt % silica aerogel absorbed 50% less water than the neat epoxy. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 45706.     

用酶溶液清洗被酱油污染的超滤膜研究

膜污染降低了超滤法澄清酱油的经济性和实用性,本文通过红外光谱定性分析得出酱油对聚砜超滤膜的主要污染物为蛋白质和固形物。分别用胰蛋白酶溶液,氢氧化钠溶液清洗被酱油污染的聚砜超滤膜,并结合二者作用得出最佳的两步清洗流程,清洗效率可达９５％以上。通过ＳＥＭ分析得出污染主要发生在膜表面形成凝胶层,并分析了胰蛋白酶－氢氧化钠溶液清洗流程的作用机理,高效的清洗流程和温和的清洗条件可增强超滤膜性能并延长膜的使用     

高性能耐溶剂三元乙丙橡胶配方的研制

对高性能耐溶剂三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)的配方体系进行了系统的研究。试验结果表明，选择EPDM与氮丁橡胶并用，当其并用比为70／30时，选用硫磺(促进剂)硫化体系和高结碳黑作为补强剂时，该并用胶具有优异的耐热、耐芳烃溶剂和优良的物理机械性能和加工性能。适合在家电产品中或对EPDM耐溶剂要求较高的情况下使用。     

Synthesis and physical property characterisation of phosphonium ionic liquids based on P(O)2(OR)2 and P(O)2(R)2 anions with potential application for corrosion mitigation of magnesium alloys

Phosphonium cation based ionic liquids (ILs) have become of interest due to their unique chemical and electrochemical stability as well as their promising tribological properties. At the same time, interest has also grown in the use of phosphate and phosphinate based ionic liquids for corrosion protection of reactive metals. In this work we describe the synthesis and characterization of six novel ionic liquids based on the tetraalkylphosponium cation coupled with organophosphate and organophosphinate anions and their sulfur analogues. The conductivity and viscosity of these ILs has been measured and discussed in terms of the nature of the interactions, effect of anion basicity and the extent of ionic character. The reaction of the IL with a ZE41 magnesium aerospace alloy surface is also demonstrated.