纳米镍粉在钛合金-不锈钢扩散焊接中的应用

采用恒温恒压扩散焊、相变超塑性扩散焊、冲击加压扩散焊对直接对焊和加纳米镍粉中间层的钛合金-不锈钢焊接接头进行了研究。测试了接头强度,并进行了断口形貌观察和组织分析,结果表明：3种试验方法中,恒温恒压扩散焊所得接头强度较小,而冲击加压扩散焊所得接头强度较高;直接扩散焊时,接头上两种基体材料之间的互扩散程度很大程度上影响了钛合金-不锈钢接头的强度;采用纳米镍粉作中间层能形成强度较高的接头,达到了213MPa、但纳米镍粉的致密度不够高,接头的强度在很大程度上受到了限制。     

真空扩散连接CLAM钢接头的微观组织与性能

将CLAM钢采用真空扩散连接工艺进行连接后,观察分析采用不同连接温度和保温时间连接的接头微观组织,通过拉剪试验对接头的剪切强度进行评测.结果表明:在合适的连接温度和保温时间下用真空扩散连接的方法可以实现CLAM钢的可靠连接(结合率大于90%),接头剪切强度可达648 MPa.     

焊接接头非均匀力学性能对J积分和失效评定曲线的影响

由于焊缝填充金属的不同和焊接热循环的作用,焊接接头不同区域有着不同的力学性能。本文将焊接接头模化为由两种材料组成,即母材金属和焊缝金属,用弹塑性有限元分析法计算了焊接接头强度组配对Ｊ积分和失效评定曲线的影响。结果表明,焊接接头不均匀强度组配对裂纹驱动力－Ｊ积分和失效评定曲线的形状与位置有很大影响。对于一个特定的焊接接头,如果接头为低组配或等组配,则以母材金属的极限载荷作为无因次载荷而建立的安全评定     

0Nb-lZr与304不锈钢电子束熔钎焊界面微观组织研究

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)和电子衍射能谱仪(EDS)分析了Nb-lZr合金与304不锈钢电子束熔钎焊接头的反应相种类和界面结构.研究结果表明,接头界面生成了ε-( Fe2Nb)和σ-(FeCr)两种反应相,形成了两个反应层.反应层Ⅰ是Fez Nb的疏松组织,反应层Ⅱ是Fe2 Nb与FeCr的双相片层柱状晶组织.反应层Ⅰ是接头脆化、产生裂纹的主要原因.接头的强度与扩散层厚度有关,当扩散层厚度为22μm时,接头试样的强度达到355 MPa的最大值.     

核压力容器异种金属焊接接头延性断裂行为数值研究

使用GTN损伤模型与有限元计算相结合的方法,对核电安全端异种金属焊接接头试样裂纹扩展路径及J-R阻力曲线进行数值研究.结果表明:异种金属接头中的堆焊层及焊缝中心裂纹扩展路径和均质材料基本相同,而界面及近界面裂纹的扩展路径显著地偏离初始裂纹位置.界面裂纹及近界面裂纹倾向于向屈服强度低的软材料一侧扩展,这是由裂尖前区域不同材料的强度失配所致.不同初始位置和不同尺寸的裂纹具有不同的材料拘束和几何拘束,其J-R裂纹扩展阻力曲线不同.宏观断裂力学无法预测这种裂纹的扩展路径和扩展阻力,基于GTN损伤模型的数值计算方法可以预测这种裂纹的扩展路径及扩展阻力,可望用于安全端焊接结构的完整性评定和破前漏分析.     

α粒子径迹法研究硼对压力容器用Mn-Mo-Nb型钢SR裂纹形成的影响

在用高强钢制造大型压力容器的过程中,焊后必须进行热处理以消除应力。一些研究指出,钢中硼及硼化物的析出和聚集以及在焊接接头区域的分布状态会直接影响SR裂纹的敏感性。本文采用α粒子径迹照像技术研究了含硼Mn-Mo-Nb钢中几种热处理规范下,硼在焊接接头区的分布及其对SR裂纹敏感性的影响。 1.材料和方法 试验用材料为含硼40ppm、厚度为28mm的Mn-Mo-Nb钢板。焊后进行了不同的后热处理及600℃2小时消除应力处理。SR裂纹敏感性试验采用Y型坡口拘束抗     

Nb-1Zr与304不锈钢电子束熔钎焊界面微观组织研究

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)和电子衍射能谱仪(EDS)分析了Nb-1Zr合金与304不锈钢电子束熔钎焊接头的反应相种类和界面结构。研究结果表明,接头界面生成了ε-(Fe₂Nb)和σ-(FeCr)两种反应相,形成了两个反应层。反应层Ⅰ是Fe₂Nb的疏松组织,反应层Ⅱ是Fe₂Nb与FeCr的双相片层柱状晶组织。反应层Ⅰ是接头脆化、产生裂纹的主要原因。接头的强度与扩散层厚度有关,当扩散层厚度为22μm时,接头试样的强度达到355MPa的最大值。     

表面活性剂修饰的纳米氧化镍的EXAFS研究

采用微乳液法制备了表面包覆表面活性剂AOT的氢氧化镍纳米微粒，退火后得到纳米尺寸的氧化镍颗粒。用EXAFS方法对获得的氢氧化镍和氧化镍纳米颗粒进行了研究，得到了EXAFS结构参数，并分别与体相材料进行了比较。结果表明与体相材料相比，纳米材料配位结构表现出不同的特性。     

偏滤器高热负荷材料研究

用热等静压焊接的方法对两种性能差异很大的金属材料钨和铜进行了成功的焊接。用SEM对断口和焊接界面在各种不同条件下焊接的性能作了对比分析。给出了两种样品的断裂特征和焊接过程中元素的扩散特点。钨和铜合金的结合主要是物理结合 ,是在高温高压下 ,材料表面微观的凹凸不平而产生的犬齿交合结合在一起的 ,扩散结合只占很少的部分。偏滤器靶板的寿命主要决定于靶板材料的热疲劳性能。在真空室中用大功率电子束作为热源进行了热疲劳试验。电子束的功率密度选为 9MW/m2 ,循环周期为 4 0s,冷却水流量为 80mL/s。用直径为 0 .3mm的NiCr NiSi热电偶测量了下材料表面的温度分布。结果发现 ,在冷却充分的情况下 ,表面最高温度约 4 0 0℃ ,钨铜焊缝处的平均最高温度约1 5 0℃。经过 1 0 0 0次的循环加热后 ,没有发现靶板材料出现破坏现象。对试验条件下的材料表面温度分布进行了计算机模拟计算。计算结果和试验测得的结果是相吻合的 ,表明试验结果是真实可靠的     

钎焊温度对304不锈钢板翅结构强度和微观组织的影响

对采用镍基钎料BNi-2的304不锈钢板翅结构进行真空钎焊试验,加工了304不锈钢板翅结构拉伸试样,进行拉伸试验.利用扫描电镜(SEM)对钎焊接头微观组织进行观察;利用能谱分析(EDS)对接头成分进行研究.讨论钎焊温度(T<,b>)对结构强度和微观组织的影响.研究结果表明,在1025～1100%之间,随着T<,b>升高,硼元素扩散充分,导致结构强度增大,且钎焊接头区域各相分布均匀,T<,b>=1100℃较为合适;当T<,b>较低时(1030℃),在接头区域生产的脆性相较多,结构的强度较低;当T<,b>升高到1100℃时,接头中间区域生成了完全的固溶体组织,且钎角区域的组织变得均匀.     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.